2.1 Information

How has the number of death folded over the years?

Before I would take you the analysis and journey of US mass Shootings. Lets take a moment to realise how each of the incidents have folded over the last 50 years.

When we break the Mass shootings over the decades. - In the 1980s, there were 30 mass shootings, with 173 deaths. - In the 1990s, the number was increased to 37, with some 200 fatalities and another 186 wounded. In the 2000s , the number were 33 such shootings, even as they became deadlier – 227 deaths.

Over the last few years has contributed a lot in increased number of Mass Shootings.The terrible numbers which keeps on growing with each mass shooting.The city, state, places have changed, but the numbers have gone more wider than heading any other directions, but one thing which stands out from each and everything is the choice of weapon which remains the same. In the United States, people who would think of commiting such a henious crime always prefer guns, not with knives and or any alternative form. So is it fair to say that Mass Murders that occurs quite often now a days has something to do with guns.

Breaking down the crime: shooter

When I looks at the 158 shootings in which four or more people were killed by a lone shooter (two shooters in a few cases).What I saw is that the people who were killed came from nearly every imaginable race, religion and socioeconomic background. Their ages range from the unborn to the elderly; 186 were children and teenagers. In addition, thousands of survivors were left with devastating injuries, shattered families and psychological scars.In some of the Mass Shootings,shooters often carried more than one weapon; one was found with 24. At least 175 of mass shooters’ weapons were obtained legally and 52 were obtained illegally. It’s unclear how 78 weapons were acquired till now to general public. Our question was not how these criminals get guns but what potential damage they can cause to society once they have such weapon.

2.2 Description:Part I

Here is a list of the deadliest single day mass shootings in US history from 1949 to the present.I have only included the descriptions which involves atleast 10 death. I have included all these description in decreasing body count including the Parkland and Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh which occured recently.

Click on each link to explore more

58 killed - October 1, 2017 - In Las Vegas, 64-year-old Stephen Paddock of Mesquite, Nevada, sprays gunfire on a crowd of 22,000 concertgoers from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino, killing 58 people and injuring almost 500. Witnesses say the gunshots last between 10 and 15 minutes. Officers breach Paddock’s hotel room to find him dead. Authorities believe Paddock killed himself and that he acted alone.

49 killed - June 12, 2016 - Omar Saddiqui Mateen, 29, opens fire inside Pulse, a gay nightclub, in Orlando. At least 49 people are killed and more than 50 are injured. Police shoot and kill Mateen during an operation to free hostages officials say he was holding at the club.

32 killed - April 16, 2007 - Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. A gunman, 23-year-old student Seung-Hui Cho, goes on a shooting spree killing 32 people in two locations and wounding an undetermined number of others on campus. The shooter dies by suicide.

27 killed - December 14, 2012- Sandy Hook Elementary School - Newtown, Connecticut. Adam Lanza, 20, guns down 20 children, ages six and seven, and six adults, school staff and faculty, before turning the gun on himself. Investigating police later find Nancy Lanza, Adam’s mother, dead from a gunshot wound.

25 and an unborn child killed - November 5, 2017 - A gunman opens fire on a small church in Sutherland Springs, Texas, killing 25 people and an unborn child and wounding 20 others. The shooter, identified by two law enforcement sources as Devin Patrick Kelley, is found dead after a brief chase, but it’s unclear if it was self-inflicted.

23 killed - October 16,1991- In Killeen, Texas, 35-year-old George Hennard crashes his pickup truck through the wall of a Luby’s Cafeteria. After exiting the truck, Hennard shoots and kills 23 people. He dies by suicide.

21 killed - July 18,1984 - In San Ysidro, California, 41-year-old James Huberty, armed with a long-barreled Uzi, a pump-action shotgun and a handgun, shoots and kills 21 adults and children at a local McDonald’s. A police sharpshooter kills Huberty one hour after the rampage begins.

18 killed - August 1,1966 - In Austin, Texas, Charles Joseph Whitman, a former US Marine, kills 16 and wounds at least 30 at the University of Texas while shooting from a tower. Police officers Ramiro Martinez and Houston McCoy shoot and kill Whitman in the tower. Whitman had also killed his mother and wife earlier in the day.

17 killed - February 14,2018 - A former student unleashes a hail of gunfire at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, killing at least 17 adults and children. Nikolas Cruz, 19, has been charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder.

14 killed - December 2, 2015 - Married couple Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik open fire on an employee gathering taking place at Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, killing 14 people. 14 killed - August 20, 1986 - In Edmond, Oklahoma, Patrick Henry Sherrill, a part-time mail carrier armed with three handguns, kills 14 postal workers in 10 minutes and then takes his own life.

13 and an unborn child killed- November 5, 2009 - Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan kills 13 people and one unborn child and injures 32 at Fort Hood, Texas, during a shooting rampage. He is convicted and sentenced to death.

13 killed - April 3, 2009 - In Binghamton, New York, Jiverly Wong kills 13 people and injures four during a shooting at an immigrant community center. He then kills himself. 13 killed - April 20, 1999 - Columbine High School - Littleton, Colorado. Eighteen-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold kill 12 fellow students and one teacher before dying by suicide in the school library.

13 killed - February 18, 1983 - Three men enter the Wah Mee gambling and social club in Seattle, rob the 14 occupants and then shoot each in the head, killing 13. Two of the men, Kwan Fai Mak and Benjamin Ng, are convicted of murder in August 1983. Both are serving life in prison. The third, Wai-Chiu “Tony” Ng, after years on the run in Canada, is eventually convicted of first-degree robbery and second-degree assault. He is deported to Hong Kong in 2014.

13 killed - September 25, 1982 - In Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 40-year-old prison guard George Banks kills 13 people including five of his own children. In September 2011, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court overturns his death sentence, stating that Banks is mentally incompetent.

13 killed - September 5, 1949- In Camden, New Jersey, 28-year-old Howard Unruh, a veteran of World War II, shoots and kills 13 people as he walks down Camden’s 32nd Street using a German-crafted Luger pistol. He is found insane and is committed to a state mental institution. He dies at the age of 88.

12 killed - November 7, 2018 - Twelve people are killed in a shooting at the Borderline Bar & Grill in Thousand Oaks, California. Officials say the gunman, Ian David Long, shot an unarmed security guard outside the bar, then went in and continued shooting, injuring other security workers, employees and patrons.

12 killed - September 16, 2013 - Shots are fired inside the Washington Navy Yard, killing 12. The shooter, identified as Aaron Alexis, 34, is also killed.

12 killed - July 20, 2012 - Twelve people are killed, and 58 are wounded in a shooting at a screening of the new Batman film in Aurora, Colorado. James E. Holmes, 24, dressed head-to-toe in protective tactical gear, sets off two devices of some kind before spraying the theater with bullets from an AR-15 rifle, a 12-gauge shotgun and at least one of two .40-caliber handguns police recovered at the scene. On July 16, 2015, Holmes is found guilty on all 165 counts against him, 24 first-degree murder, 140 attempted murder and one count of possession or control of an explosive or incendiary device. He is sentenced to life in prison without parole.

12 killed - July 29, 1999 - In Atlanta, 44-year-old Mark Barton kills his wife and two children at his home. He then opens fire in two different brokerage houses, killing nine people and wounding 12. He later kills himself.

11 killed - October 27, 2018 - Eleven people are killed in a shooting at the Tree of Life synagogue in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, PA. 46-year-old Robert Bowers surrendered to authorities on the third floor of the building and is now facing federal charges, including hate crimes. Bowers told told a SWAT officer while receiving medical care that he wanted all Jews to die and that Jews “were committing genocide to his people,” a criminal complaint filed in Allegheny County says.

10 Killed - May 18, 2018 - Dimitrios Pagourtzis, 17, allegedly walks into an art class and begins firing, killing 8 students and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School in Santa Fe, Texas. Pagourtzis is arrested and charged with capital murder and aggravated assault of a public servant.

10 killed - March 10, 2009 - In Alabama, Michael McLendon of Kinston, kills 10 and himself. The dead include his mother, grandparents, aunt and uncle.

2.3 Question: Analysis

What were the choice of weapon during all these mass shootings?

Semiautomatic rifles have been used in some of the country’s deadliest shootings, such as those in Newtown, Orlando, San Bernardino and Las Vegas. The AR-15, a lightweight, customizable version of the military’s M16, soared in popularity after a 10-year federal ban on assault weapons expired in 2004. Some of the Las Vegas shooter’s guns had been fitted with legal devices called “bump-fire stocks,” which allow semiautomatic rifles to fire as quickly as automatic ones.

The gunman who killed 32 students and teachers at Virginia Tech in 2007 used a 9mm semiautomatic Glock 19 (and a .22-caliber Walther P22, another popular caliber).

Does all these Mass Shooters were tied with some sort of crimes?

Some of these mass shooters were known to have violent tendencies or criminal pasts. Others seemed largely fine until they attacked. All but 3 were male. The vast majority were between the ages of 20 and 49. More than half — 90 of them — died at or near the scene of the shooting, often by killing themselves.

Which Gender is more prone to commit such crime?

Between 1982 and November 19, 2018, 3 mass shootings were initiated by solo-female shooters. In contrast, 103 mass shootings were carried out by male shooters. The mass shooting in San Bernardino on December 2nd, 2016 was the only instance in which both a male and female were the shooters.

Males Males are dominant in such a henious crime.However, a look at mass shootings in the United States by gender shows a great majority of mass shootings are carried out by men. So far there were 103 Males involved in Mass shootings.

Female - The most recent female shooter was a Pakistani mother who helped kill 14 partygoers at her husband’s workplace in San Bernardino, Calif., in 2015. 3 Females have contributed till date.

Male/Female In one of the Mass shooting both Male and Female were involved.

Ex-Marine - The others are an ex-postal worker who killed a former neighbor and six employees at a Goleta, Calif., mail-processing facility in 2006; and a former tribal council chairwoman who killed her brother and three others during an eviction hearing in Alturas, Calif., in 2014.

Middle-schoolers Andrew Golden, 11, and Mitchell Johnson, 13, pulled a fire alarm to flush students and teachers out of their Jonesboro, Ark., middle school in 1998, and began shooting from a wooded perch nearby. They killed four girls and a teacher and wounded 10 others.

In the 50 years before the Texas tower shooting, there were just 25 public mass shootings in which four or more people were killed. Since then, the number has risen dramatically, and many of the deadliest shootings have occurred within the past few years.

What are the most frequemt place of such Crime?

Shootings in schools and houses of worship tend to stand out in our minds, but they make up a relatively small portion of public mass shootings. More common are those in offices and retail establishments such as restaurants and stores. California has had more of these public mass shootings than any other state, with 25.

Does Race play any role in Mass Shootings?

Between 1982 and November 2018, 60 out of 107 mass shootings were initiated by White shooters. The Las Vegas strip massacre in 2017 had the highest number of victims between 1982 and 2018, with 58 people killed, and over 500 injured.

Does Gender play any role in Mass Shootings?

Most men, of course, go through life without killing anyone. And motives for crime are very individual. Not all women and men who kill do so for the same reasons. Each case is seems unique which I found out after going through much of articles published in National dailies.

After a little history about the Mass shootings lets dive into our datasets to see whats there for us.

5.1 Map

Lets see the map to get a sense Date

Lets start with date column. We will sepearte date column and create year,month,day, weekdays, day of week variables.According to the research, the days separating mass shooting occurrence went from on average 200 days during the period of 1983 to 2011 to 64 days since 2011.

5.2 Title

Lets look at some of the severe Mass Shooting in USA history from our datasets. Datasets is up until last Las Vegas Shootings.

• Below Wordcloud shows where were most of the Mass shooting occurs.

title	location	total_victims.x	month	day	year	fatalities	injured
Las Vegas Strip mass shooting	Las Vegas, NV	585	10	1	2017	59	527
Orlando nightclub massacre	Orlando, Florida	102	6	12	2016	49	53
Aurora theater shooting	Aurora, Colorado	82	7	20	2012	12	70
Virginia Tech massacre	Blacksburg, Virginia	55	4	16	2007	32	23
University of Texas at Austin	Austin, Texas	48	8	1	1966	17	32
Texas church mass shooting	Sutherland Springs, TX	46	11	5	2017	26	20
Fort Hood Army Base	Fort Hood, Texas	45	11	5	2009	13	32
Luby’s Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas	Killeen, Texas	43	10	16	1991	24	20
McDonald’s restaurant in San Ysidro	San Ysidro, California	40	7	18	1984	22	19
Columbine High School	Littleton, Colorado	37	4	20	1999	15	24

Like mass shootings in general, school shootings have gone from being a rare tragedy to a tragic reality. Already in 2018 there have been more than a dozen instances of gun violence in U.S. schools.We may be unsure where to even begin with such a heavy topic. Consider asking our kids what their questions are before you give our two cents.But, yet, there are many individuals who suffered childhood and adulthood traumas and severe abuse and they did not become rampage shooters. They developed healthy relationships with others. Are school shooters unable to develop healthy relationships with others?

5.3 Total Fatalities

Lets Look at the Total Fatalities Number over the course of year. Lets use Line graph and bar plot to show the

It is clear from above bar graph that shooting is increasing over the course of years. How does the Gender play a role in it?

We will basically sum up into 4 variables. Either the person is Male, Female, Male/Female or Unkown to keep our analysis simple.

Lets clean up the cause variables and aggregate into same bin which makes more sense to bucket in.

5.4 Mental Health Issues:

How many Mental Health cases do we know about shooters?

## 
##      No Unclear unknown Unknown     Yes 
##      93      13       1     110     106

What are the most common target place choosed by Shooters?

Where does Shooter prefer to choose as choice of their location?

We get additional error for 4 rows [147, 176, 225, 241]. Lets dive into those column and see why we are getting that error.

We can see in these 4 rows we have multiple comma to seperate thats why it throws an error. It took first comma to split into city and state. We can fix these by making seperate more friendly.

We can also find out how many unique values are there for any Location if State is NA:

But We know that Washington DC is not Considered as State. A state which is referred as “Taxation Without Representation”. Lets find out which column is it. We can ignore it or make a seperate state just for analysis.

5.5 STATES

When We break down by the states which states have most of the Shootings.

state	count	perc	“%”
California	29	10	%
Florida	20	7	%
Texas	18	6	%
Washington	15	5	%
Georgia	13	5	%
Arizona	11	4	%
North Carolina	11	4	%
New York	10	4	%
Ohio	10	4	%
Alabama	9	3	%

California,Florida and Texas have the most shooters.

Now we are left with empty values in Location, and there are 45 of those. We can deal with those missing states with he use of Latitude and Longitude data which is avialable to us.But for these we can use google geocode variables but you need API for that.

For all these observations, Location is empty. But coordinates are given in Longitude and Latitude. This is one way to derive address from coordinates to further be used for filling State and City values: