About this analysis

This analysis seeks to examine the limitations that exists between those who have taken pain killers, and those who have not taken pain killers, over the past month. Particularly, this analysis examines the mental and physical limitations on those who took and misused pain killers over the past month as opposed to those who did not misuse pain killers over the past month.

library(readr)
library(dplyr)

## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

library(knitr)
library(kableExtra)
library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)

## 
## Attaching package: 'gridExtra'

## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
## 
##     combine

Drugdata <-read_csv("/Users/juliushunte/Desktop/NSDUH-2015-DS0001-data.csv")

druglife <-Drugdata%>%
   mutate(PainRlvMonth = ifelse(pnrnmmon==1,"Misused pain relievers in past 30 days",
                         ifelse(pnrnmmon==0,"Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days",NA)),
         PainRlvAddict = ifelse(pnrllottm==1,"Spent more time chasing pain reliever in year",
                         ifelse(pnrllottm==2,"Spent no time chasing pain reliever in year",NA)),
           PainRlvProb = ifelse(pnrlserpb==1,"Pain reliever caused serious problems at hm, wk & sch",
                         ifelse(pnrlserpb==2,"Pain reliever caused no problem at hm, wk & sch",NA)),
           PainRlvCogn = ifelse(diffthink==1,"Have serious difficulty concentrating",
                         ifelse(diffthink==2,"Have no difficulty concentrating",NA)),
          PainRlvDangr = ifelse(pnrlpdang==1,"Used pain reliever while doing dangerous activities",
                         ifelse(pnrlpdang==2,"Used no pain relievers while doing dangerous activities",NA)),
           PainRlvWalk = ifelse(diffwalk==1,"Have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs",
                         ifelse(diffwalk==2,"Have no difficulty waking or climbing stairs",NA)),
          PainRlvDress = ifelse(diffdress==1,"Have serious difficulty dressing or bathing",
                         ifelse(diffdress==2,"Have no difficulty dressing or bathing",NA)),
          PainRlvErand = ifelse(differand==1,"Have difficulty doing errands",
                         ifelse(differand==2,"Have no difficulty doing errands",NA)))%>%
select(PainRlvAddict,PainRlvProb,PainRlvCogn,PainRlvDangr,PainRlvWalk,PainRlvDress,PainRlvErand,PainRlvMonth)

Social Problems

Addiction

How misusing pain killers over the past month [PNRNMMON] causes addiction to pain killers over the year [PNRLLOTTM].

Table findings

unique(druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## [1] "Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"
## [2] "Misused pain relievers in past 30 days"

prop.table(table(druglife$PainRlvAddict, druglife$PainRlvMonth),1)%>%round(3)%>%kable()

	Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days	Misused pain relievers in past 30 days
Spent more time chasing pain reliever in year	0.468	0.532
Spent no time chasing pain reliever in year	0.742	0.258

Chart Indicators

druglife%>%
  filter(PainRlvMonth%in%c("Misused pain relievers in past 30 days","Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"))%>%
  group_by(PainRlvAddict, PainRlvMonth)%>%
  summarize(n=n())%>%
  mutate(percent = n/sum(n))%>%
  filter(PainRlvAddict=="Spent more time chasing pain reliever in year")%>%
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(aes(x=PainRlvMonth,y=percent,fill=percent))+
  coord_flip()+
  ggtitle("53% of those who misused pain relievers in the past 
          30 days, spent more time chasing pain 
          relievers in the past year, as opposed
          to 47% who did not misuse pain relievers")

Chi-Square Test

chisq.test(druglife$PainRlvAddict, druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  druglife$PainRlvAddict and druglife$PainRlvMonth
## X-squared = 139.18, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16

Problems at Home/Work/School

How misusing pain killers over the past month [PNRNMMON] causes serious problems at home, work, or school [PNRLSERPB].

Table findings

unique(druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## [1] "Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"
## [2] "Misused pain relievers in past 30 days"

prop.table(table(druglife$PainRlvProb, druglife$PainRlvMonth),1)%>%round(3)%>%kable()

	Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days	Misused pain relievers in past 30 days
Pain reliever caused no problem at hm, wk & sch	0.718	0.282
Pain reliever caused serious problems at hm, wk & sch	0.484	0.516

Chart Indicators

druglife%>%
  filter(PainRlvMonth%in%c("Misused pain relievers in past 30 days","Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"))%>%
  group_by(PainRlvProb, PainRlvMonth)%>%
  summarize(n=n())%>%
  mutate(percent = n/sum(n))%>%
  filter(PainRlvProb=="Pain reliever caused serious problems at hm, wk & sch")%>%
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(aes(x=PainRlvMonth,y=percent,fill=percent))+
  coord_flip()+
  ggtitle("51% of those who misused pain relievers 
          in the past 30 days reported serious 
          problems at home, work or school, 
          as opposed to 48% who did not misuse 
          pain relievers")

Chi-Square Test

chisq.test(druglife$PainRlvMonth, druglife$PainRlvProb)

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  druglife$PainRlvMonth and druglife$PainRlvProb
## X-squared = 52.936, df = 1, p-value = 3.445e-13

Risky Behaviors

How misusing pain killers over the past month [PNRNMMON] increases risky behaviors leading to dangerous activities [PNRLPDANG].

Table findings

unique(druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## [1] "Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"
## [2] "Misused pain relievers in past 30 days"

prop.table(table(druglife$PainRlvDangr, druglife$PainRlvMonth),1)%>%round(3)%>%kable()

	Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days	Misused pain relievers in past 30 days
Used no pain relievers while doing dangerous activities	0.715	0.285
Used pain reliever while doing dangerous activities	0.477	0.523

Chart Indicators

druglife%>%
  filter(PainRlvMonth%in%c("Misused pain relievers in past 30 days","Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"))%>%
  group_by(PainRlvDangr, PainRlvMonth)%>%
  summarize(n=n())%>%
  mutate(percent = n/sum(n))%>%
  filter(PainRlvDangr=="Used pain reliever while doing dangerous activities")%>%
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(aes(x=PainRlvMonth,y=percent,fill=percent))+
  coord_flip()+
  ggtitle("52% reported doing dangerous 
          activities while misusing pain 
          relievers in the past 30 days, as
          opposed to 48% who did not 
          misuse pain relievers")

Chi-Square Test

chisq.test(druglife$PainRlvDangr, druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  druglife$PainRlvDangr and druglife$PainRlvMonth
## X-squared = 43.272, df = 1, p-value = 4.764e-11

Cognitive Problems

Difficulty Concentrating

How misusing pain killers over the past month [PNRNMMON] causes serious difficulty in concentration [DIFFTHINK].

Table findings

unique(druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## [1] "Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"
## [2] "Misused pain relievers in past 30 days"

prop.table(table(druglife$PainRlvCogn, druglife$PainRlvMonth),1)%>%round(3)%>%kable()

	Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days	Misused pain relievers in past 30 days
Have no difficulty concentrating	0.986	0.014
Have serious difficulty concentrating	0.959	0.041

Chart Indicators

druglife%>%
  filter(PainRlvMonth%in%c("Misused pain relievers in past 30 days","Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"))%>%
  group_by(PainRlvCogn, PainRlvMonth)%>%
  summarize(n=n())%>%
  mutate(percent = n/sum(n))%>%
  filter(PainRlvCogn=="Have serious difficulty concentrating")%>%
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(aes(x=PainRlvMonth,y=percent,fill=percent))+
  coord_flip()+
  ggtitle("Only 4% reported serious difficulty 
          concentrating misusing pain 
          relievers in the past 30 days, as 
          opposed to 96% who did not misuse
          pain relievers")

Chi-Square Test

chisq.test(druglife$PainRlvMonth, druglife$PainRlvCogn)

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  druglife$PainRlvMonth and druglife$PainRlvCogn
## X-squared = 201.53, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16

Physical Challenges

To see how excessive use of pain killers can affect one physically over a month.

Difficulty Walking

How misusing pain killers over the past month [PNRNMMON] causes difficulty in walking and climbing stairs [DIFFWALK].

Table findings

unique(druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## [1] "Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"
## [2] "Misused pain relievers in past 30 days"

prop.table(table(druglife$PainRlvWalk, druglife$PainRlvMonth),1)%>%round(3)%>%kable()

	Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days	Misused pain relievers in past 30 days
Have no difficulty waking or climbing stairs	0.984	0.016
Have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs	0.972	0.028

Chart Indicators

druglife%>%
  filter(PainRlvMonth%in%c("Misused pain relievers in past 30 days","Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"))%>%
  group_by(PainRlvWalk, PainRlvMonth)%>%
  summarize(n=n())%>%
  mutate(percent = n/sum(n))%>%
  filter(PainRlvWalk=="Have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs")%>%
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(aes(x=PainRlvMonth,y=percent,fill=percent))+
  coord_flip()+
  ggtitle("Only 3% reported having difficulty 
          walking or climbing stairs while 
          misusing pain relievers in the past 30 days,
          as opposed to 97% who did not misuse
          pain relievers")

Chi-Square Test

chisq.test(druglife$PainRlvMonth, druglife$PainRlvWalk)

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  druglife$PainRlvMonth and druglife$PainRlvWalk
## X-squared = 22.666, df = 1, p-value = 1.927e-06

Difficulty Dressing/Bathing

How misusing pain killers over the past month [PNRNMMON] causes difficulty in dressing or bathing [DIFFDRESS].

Table findings

unique(druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## [1] "Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"
## [2] "Misused pain relievers in past 30 days"

prop.table(table(druglife$PainRlvDress, druglife$PainRlvMonth),1)%>%round(3)%>%kable()

	Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days	Misused pain relievers in past 30 days
Have no difficulty dressing or bathing	0.984	0.016
Have serious difficulty dressing or bathing	0.958	0.042

Chart Indicators

druglife%>%
  filter(PainRlvMonth%in%c("Misused pain relievers in past 30 days","Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"))%>%
  group_by(PainRlvDress, PainRlvMonth)%>%
  summarize(n=n())%>%
  mutate(percent = n/sum(n))%>%
  filter(PainRlvDress=="Have serious difficulty dressing or bathing")%>%
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(aes(x=PainRlvMonth,y=percent,fill=percent))+
  coord_flip()+
  ggtitle("Only 4% reported having serious 
          difficulty dressing or bathing while 
          misusing pain relievers in the past 30 days,
          as opposed to 96% who did not misuse
          pain relievers")

Chi-Square Test

chisq.test(druglife$PainRlvMonth, druglife$PainRlvDress)

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  druglife$PainRlvMonth and druglife$PainRlvDress
## X-squared = 33.971, df = 1, p-value = 5.595e-09

Difficulty Doing Errands

How misusing pain killers over the past month [PNRNMMON] causes difficulty in doing errands [DIFFERAND].

Table findings

unique(druglife$PainRlvMonth)

## [1] "Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"
## [2] "Misused pain relievers in past 30 days"

prop.table(table(druglife$PainRlvErand, druglife$PainRlvMonth),1)%>%round(3)%>%kable()

	Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days	Misused pain relievers in past 30 days
Have difficulty doing errands	0.953	0.047
Have no difficulty doing errands	0.983	0.017

Chart Indicators

druglife%>%
  filter(PainRlvMonth%in%c("Misused pain relievers in past 30 days","Correctly used pain relievers in past 30 days"))%>%
  group_by(PainRlvErand, PainRlvMonth)%>%
  summarize(n=n())%>%
  mutate(percent = n/sum(n))%>%
  filter(PainRlvErand=="Have difficulty doing errands")%>%
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(aes(x=PainRlvMonth,y=percent,fill=percent))+
  coord_flip()+
  ggtitle("Only 2% reported having  
          difficulty doing errands while 
          misusing pain relievers in the past 30 days,
          as opposed to 98% who did not misuse
          pain relievers")

Chi-Square Test

chisq.test(druglife$PainRlvMonth, druglife$PainRlvErand)

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  druglife$PainRlvMonth and druglife$PainRlvErand
## X-squared = 116.51, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16

Conclusion

Misusing pain relievers over a 30 day period has a marginally stronger negative effect on one socially, but has little to significantly no effect on one cognitively and physically.

Drug Research Final Project for Professor Brett A Turner_Soc333

Julius Hunte

12/18/2018

About this analysis

Cognitive Problems

Difficulty Concentrating

Table findings

Chart Indicators

Chi-Square Test

Physical Challenges

Difficulty Walking

Table findings

Chart Indicators

Chi-Square Test

Difficulty Dressing/Bathing

Table findings

Chart Indicators

Chi-Square Test

Difficulty Doing Errands

Table findings

Chart Indicators

Chi-Square Test

Conclusion