“There are two ways to write error-free programs; only the third one works.”" Alan J. Perlis

“Programming today is a race between software engineers striving to build bigger and better idiot-proof programs, and the universe trying to produce bigger and better idiots. So far, the universe is winning. ” Rick Cook

“My software never has bugs. It just develops random features.” Anon

“If you make an ass out of yourself, there will always be someone to ride you.” Bruce Lee

Introduction

This is the 3rd and final post on cricpy, and is a continuation to my 2 earlier posts

  1. Introducing cricpy:A python package to analyze performances of cricketers
  2. Cricpy takes a swing at the ODIs

Cricpy, is the python avatar of my R package ‘cricketr’. To know more about my R package cricketr see Re-introducing cricketr! : An R package to analyze performances of cricketers

With this post cricpy avatar, now becomes omnipotent, and is now capable of handling Test, ODI and T20 matches.

Cricpy uses the statistics info available in ESPN Cricinfo Statsguru.

You should be able to install the package using pip install cricpy and use the many functions available in the package. Please mindful of the ESPN Cricinfo Terms of Use

This post is also hosted on Rpubs at Cricpy takes guard for the Twenty 20s. You can also download the pdf version of this post at cricpy-TT.pdf

You can fork/clone the package at Github cricpy

The cricpy package

The data for a particular player in Twenty20s can be obtained with the getPlayerDataTT() function. To do this you will need to go to [T20 Batting(http://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/283194.html) T20 Bowling and click the player you are interested in This will bring up a page which have the profile number for the player e.g. for Virat Kohli this would be http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/253802.html. Hence,this can be used to get the data for Virat Kohlias shown below

The cricpy package is a clone of my R package cricketr. The signature of all the python functions are identical with that of its clone ‘cricketr’, with only the necessary variations between Python and R. It may be useful to look at my post R vs Python: Different similarities and similar differences. In fact if you are familar with one of the languages you can look up the package in the other and you will notice the parallel constructs.

You can fork/clone the package at Github cricpy

Note: The charts are self-explanatory and I have not added much of my owy interpretation to it. Do look at the plots closely and check out the performances for yourself.

1 Importing cricpy - Python

# Install the package
# Do a pip install cricpy
# Import cricpy
import cricpy.analytics as ca 
## C:\Users\Ganesh\ANACON~1\lib\site-packages\statsmodels\compat\pandas.py:56: FutureWarning: The pandas.core.datetools module is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Please use the pandas.tseries module instead.
##   from pandas.core import datetools

2. Invoking functions with Python package cricpy

import cricpy.analytics as ca 
ca.batsman4s("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")
## C:\Users\Ganesh\ANACON~1\lib\site-packages\cricpy\analytics.py:83: FutureWarning: reshape is deprecated and will raise in a subsequent release. Please use .values.reshape(...) instead
##   runsPoly = poly.fit_transform(runs.reshape(-1,1))

3. Getting help from cricpy - Python

import cricpy.analytics as ca 
help(ca.getPlayerDataTT)
## Help on function getPlayerDataTT in module cricpy.analytics:
## 
## getPlayerDataTT(profile, opposition='', host='', dir='./data', file='player001.csv', type='batting', homeOrAway=[1, 2, 3], result=[1, 2, 3, 5], create=True)
##     Get the Twenty20 International player data from ESPN Cricinfo based on specific inputs and store in a file in a given directory~
##     
##     Description
##     
##     Get the Twenty20 player data given the profile of the batsman/bowler. The allowed inputs are home,away, neutralboth and won,lost,tied or no result of matches. The data is stored in a <player>.csv file in a directory specified. This function also returns a data frame of the player
##     
##     Usage
##     
##     getPlayerDataTT(profile, opposition="",host="",dir = "./data", file = "player001.csv", 
##     type = "batting", homeOrAway = c(1, 2, 3), result = c(1, 2, 3,5))
##     Arguments
##     
##     profile     
##     This is the profile number of the player to get data. This can be obtained from http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/index.html. Type the name of the player and click search. This will display the details of the player. Make a note of the profile ID. For e.g For Virat Kohli this turns out to be 253802 http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/35263.html. Hence the profile for Sehwag is 35263
##     opposition  
##     The numerical value of the opposition country e.g.Australia,India, England etc. The values are Afghanistan:40,Australia:2,Bangladesh:25,England:1,Hong Kong:19,India:6,Ireland:29, New Zealand:5,Pakistan:7,Scotland:30,South Africa:3,Sri Lanka:8,United Arab Emirates:27, West Indies:4, Zimbabwe:9; Note: If no value is entered for opposition then all teams are considered
##     host        
##     The numerical value of the host country e.g.Australia,India, England etc. The values are Australia:2,Bangladesh:25,England:1,India:6,New Zealand:5, South Africa:3,Sri Lanka:8,United States of America:11,West Indies:4, Zimbabwe:9 Note: If no value is entered for host then all host countries are considered
##     dir 
##     Name of the directory to store the player data into. If not specified the data is stored in a default directory "./data". Default="./data"
##     file        
##     Name of the file to store the data into for e.g. kohli.csv. This can be used for subsequent functions. Default="player001.csv"
##     type        
##     type of data required. This can be "batting" or "bowling"
##     homeOrAway  
##     This is vector with either or all 1,2, 3. 1 is for home 2 is for away, 3 is for neutral venue
##     result      
##     This is a vector that can take values 1,2,3,5. 1 - won match 2- lost match 3-tied 5- no result
##     Details
##     
##     More details can be found in my short video tutorial in Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9uMPFVsXsI
##     
##     Value
##     
##     Returns the player's dataframe
##     
##     Note
##     
##     Maintainer: Tinniam V Ganesh <tvganesh.85@gmail.com>
##     
##     Author(s)
##     
##     Tinniam V Ganesh
##     
##     References
##     
##     http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/stats/index.html
##     https://gigadom.wordpress.com/
##     
##     See Also
##     
##     bowlerWktRateTT getPlayerData
##     
##     Examples
##     
##     ## Not run: 
##     # Only away. Get data only for won and lost innings
##     kohli =getPlayerDataTT(253802,dir="../cricketr/data", file="kohli1.csv",
##     type="batting")
##     
##     # Get bowling data and store in file for future
##     ashwin = getPlayerDataTT(26421,dir="../cricketr/data",file="ashwin1.csv",
##     type="bowling")
##     
##     kohli =getPlayerDataTT(253802,opposition = 2,host=2,dir="../cricketr/data", 
##     file="kohli1.csv",type="batting")

The details below will introduce the different functions that are available in cricpy.

4. Get the Twenty20 player data for a player using the function getPlayerDataOD()

Important Note This needs to be done only once for a player. This function stores the player’s data in the specified CSV file (for e.g. kohli.csv as above) which can then be reused for all other functions). Once we have the data for the players many analyses can be done. This post will use the stored CSV file obtained with a prior getPlayerDataTT for all subsequent analyses

import cricpy.analytics as ca
#kohli=ca.getPlayerDataTT(253802,dir=".",file="kohli.csv",type="batting")
#guptill=ca.getPlayerDataTT(226492,dir=".",file="guptill.csv",type="batting")
#shahzad=ca.getPlayerDataTT(419873,dir=".",file="shahzad.csv",type="batting")
#mccullum=ca.getPlayerDataTT(37737,dir=".",file="mccullum.csv",type="batting")

Included below are some of the functions that can be used for ODI batsmen and bowlers. For this I have chosen, Virat Kohli, ‘the run machine’ who is on-track for breaking many of the Test, ODI and Twenty20 records

5 Virat Kohli’s performance - Basic Analyses

The 3 plots below provide the following for Virat Kohli in T20s

  1. Frequency percentage of runs in each run range over the whole career
  2. Mean Strike Rate for runs scored in the given range
  3. A histogram of runs frequency percentages in runs ranges
import cricpy.analytics as ca
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
ca.batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsmanRunsRanges("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

6. More analyses

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.batsman4s("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsman6s("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsmanDismissals("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsmanScoringRateODTT("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")
## C:\Users\Ganesh\ANACON~1\lib\site-packages\cricpy\analytics.py:3620: FutureWarning: reshape is deprecated and will raise in a subsequent release. Please use .values.reshape(...) instead
##   bfPoly = poly.fit_transform(bf.reshape(-1,1))

7. 3D scatter plot and prediction plane

The plots below show the 3D scatter plot of Kohli’s Runs versus Balls Faced and Minutes at crease. A linear regression plane is then fitted between Runs and Balls Faced + Minutes at crease

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.battingPerf3d("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")
## C:\Users\Ganesh\ANACON~1\lib\site-packages\cricpy\analytics.py:1569: SettingWithCopyWarning: 
## A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.
## Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead
## 
## See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy
##   df2['BF']=pd.to_numeric(df2['BF'])
## C:\Users\Ganesh\ANACON~1\lib\site-packages\cricpy\analytics.py:1570: SettingWithCopyWarning: 
## A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.
## Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead
## 
## See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy
##   df2['Mins']=pd.to_numeric(df2['Mins'])
## C:\Users\Ganesh\ANACON~1\lib\site-packages\cricpy\analytics.py:1571: SettingWithCopyWarning: 
## A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.
## Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead
## 
## See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy
##   df2['Runs']=pd.to_numeric(df2['Runs'])

8. Average runs at different venues

The plot below gives the average runs scored by Kohli at different grounds. The plot also the number of innings at each ground as a label at x-axis.

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.batsmanAvgRunsGround("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

9. Average runs against different opposing teams

This plot computes the average runs scored by Kohli against different countries.

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

10 . Highest Runs Likelihood

The plot below shows the Runs Likelihood for a batsman. For this the performance of Kohli is plotted as a 3D scatter plot with Runs versus Balls Faced + Minutes at crease. K-Means. The centroids of 3 clusters are computed and plotted. In this plot Kohli’s highest tendencies are computed and plotted using K-Means

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.batsmanRunsLikelihood("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

11. A look at the Top 4 batsman - Kohli, Guptill, Shahzad and McCullum

The following batsmen have been very prolific in Twenty20 cricket and will be used for the analyses

  1. Virat Kohli: Runs - 2167, Average:49.25 ,Strike rate-136.11
  2. MJ Guptill : Runs -2271, Average:34.4 ,Strike rate-132.88
  3. Mohammed Shahzad :Runs - 1936, Average:31.22 ,Strike rate-134.81
  4. BB McCullum : Runs - 2140, Average:35.66 ,Strike rate-136.21

The following plots take a closer at their performances. The box plots show the median the 1st and 3rd quartile of the runs

12. Box Histogram Plot

This plot shows a combined boxplot of the Runs ranges and a histogram of the Runs Frequency

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.batsmanPerfBoxHist("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsmanPerfBoxHist("./guptill.csv","M J Guptill")

ca.batsmanPerfBoxHist("./shahzad.csv","M Shahzad")

ca.batsmanPerfBoxHist("./mccullum.csv","BB McCullum")

13 Moving Average of runs in career

Take a look at the Moving Average across the career of the Top 4 Twenty20 batsmen.

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.batsmanMovingAverage("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsmanMovingAverage("./guptill.csv","M J Guptill")
#ca.batsmanMovingAverage("./shahzad.csv","M Shahzad") # Gives error. Check!

ca.batsmanMovingAverage("./mccullum.csv","BB McCullum")

14 Cumulative Average runs of batsman in career

This function provides the cumulative average runs of the batsman over the career.Kohli’s average tops around 45 runs around 43 innings, though there is a dip downwards

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./guptill.csv","M J Guptill")

ca.batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./shahzad.csv","M Shahzad")

ca.batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./mccullum.csv","BB McCullum")

15 Cumulative Average strike rate of batsman in career

Kohli, Guptill and McCullum average a strike rate of 125+

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./guptill.csv","M J Guptill")

ca.batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./shahzad.csv","M Shahzad")

ca.batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./mccullum.csv","BB McCullum")

16 Relative Batsman Cumulative Average Runs

The plot below compares the Relative cumulative average runs of the batsman. Kohli is way above all the other 3 batsmen. Behind Kohli is McCullum and then Guptill

import cricpy.analytics as ca
frames = ["./kohli.csv","./guptill.csv","./shahzad.csv","./mccullum.csv"]
names = ["Kohli","Guptill","Shahzad","McCullumn"]
ca.relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)

17. Relative Batsman Strike Rate

The plot below gives the relative Runs Frequency Percetages for each 10 run bucket. The plot below show that Kohli tops the overall strike rate followed by McCullum and then Guptill

import cricpy.analytics as ca
frames = ["./kohli.csv","./guptill.csv","./shahzad.csv","./mccullum.csv"]
names = ["Kohli","Guptill","Shahzad","McCullum"]
ca.relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)

18. 3D plot of Runs vs Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

The plot is a scatter plot of Runs vs Balls faced and Minutes at Crease. A 3D prediction plane is fitted

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.battingPerf3d("./kohli.csv","Virat Kohli")

ca.battingPerf3d("./guptill.csv","M J Guptill")

ca.battingPerf3d("./shahzad.csv","M Shahzad")

ca.battingPerf3d("./mccullum.csv","BB McCullum")

19. 3D plot of Runs vs Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

Guptill and McCullum have a large percentage of sixes in comparison to the 4s. Kohli has a relative lower number of 6s

import cricpy.analytics as ca
frames = ["./kohli.csv","./guptill.csv","./shahzad.csv","./mccullum.csv"]
names = ["Kohli","Guptill","Shahzad","McCullum"]
ca.batsman4s6s(frames,names)

20. Predicting Runs given Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

A multi-variate regression plane is fitted between Runs and Balls faced +Minutes at crease.

import cricpy.analytics as ca
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
BF = np.linspace( 10, 400,15)
Mins = np.linspace( 30,600,15)
newDF= pd.DataFrame({'BF':BF,'Mins':Mins})
kohli= ca.batsmanRunsPredict("./kohli.csv",newDF,"Kohli")
## C:\Users\Ganesh\ANACON~1\lib\site-packages\cricpy\analytics.py:1398: SettingWithCopyWarning: 
## A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.
## Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead
## 
## See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy
##   df['BF']=pd.to_numeric(df['BF'])
## C:\Users\Ganesh\ANACON~1\lib\site-packages\cricpy\analytics.py:1399: SettingWithCopyWarning: 
## A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.
## Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead
## 
## See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy
##   df['Runs']=pd.to_numeric(df['Runs'])
print(kohli)
##             BF        Mins        Runs
## 0    10.000000   30.000000   14.753153
## 1    37.857143   70.714286   55.963333
## 2    65.714286  111.428571   97.173513
## 3    93.571429  152.142857  138.383693
## 4   121.428571  192.857143  179.593873
## 5   149.285714  233.571429  220.804053
## 6   177.142857  274.285714  262.014233
## 7   205.000000  315.000000  303.224414
## 8   232.857143  355.714286  344.434594
## 9   260.714286  396.428571  385.644774
## 10  288.571429  437.142857  426.854954
## 11  316.428571  477.857143  468.065134
## 12  344.285714  518.571429  509.275314
## 13  372.142857  559.285714  550.485494
## 14  400.000000  600.000000  591.695674

The fitted model is then used to predict the runs that the batsmen will score for a given Balls faced and Minutes at crease.

21 Analysis of Top Bowlers

The following 4 bowlers have had an excellent career and will be used for the analysis

  1. Shakib Hasan:Wickets: 80, Average = 21.07, Economy Rate - 6.74
  2. Mohammed Nabi : Wickets: 67, Average = 24.25, Economy Rate - 7.13
  3. Rashid Khan: Wickets: 64, Average = 12.40, Economy Rate - 6.01
  4. Imran Tahir : Wickets:62, Average - 14.95, Economy Rate - 6.77

22. Get the bowler’s data

This plot below computes the percentage frequency of number of wickets taken for e.g 1 wicket x%, 2 wickets y% etc and plots them as a continuous line

import cricpy.analytics as ca
#shakib=ca.getPlayerDataTT(56143,dir=".",file="shakib.csv",type="bowling")
#nabi=ca.getPlayerDataOD(25913,dir=".",file="nabi.csv",type="bowling")
#rashid=ca.getPlayerDataOD(793463,dir=".",file="rashid.csv",type="bowling")
#tahir=ca.getPlayerDataOD(40618,dir=".",file="tahir.csv",type="bowling")

23. Wicket Frequency Plot

This plot below plots the frequency of wickets taken for each of the bowlers

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./shakib.csv","Shakib Al Hasan")

ca.bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./nabi.csv","Mohammad Nabi")

ca.bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./rashid.csv","Rashid Khan")

ca.bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./tahir.csv","Imran Tahir")

24. Wickets Runs plot

The plot below create a box plot showing the 1st and 3rd quartile of runs conceded versus the number of wickets taken.

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./shakib.csv","Shakib Al Hasan")

ca.bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./nabi.csv","Mohammad Nabi")

ca.bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./rashid.csv","Rashid Khan")

ca.bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./tahir.csv","Imran Tahir")

25 Average wickets at different venues

The plot gives the average wickets taken by Muralitharan at different venues.

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.bowlerAvgWktsGround("./shakib.csv","Shakib Al Hasan")

ca.bowlerAvgWktsGround("./nabi.csv","Mohammad Nabi")

ca.bowlerAvgWktsGround("./rashid.csv","Rashid Khan")

ca.bowlerAvgWktsGround("./tahir.csv","Imran Tahir")

26 Average wickets against different opposition

The plot gives the average wickets taken by Muralitharan against different countries. The x-axis also includes the number of innings against each team

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("./shakib.csv","Shakib Al Hasan")

ca.bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("./nabi.csv","Mohammad Nabi")

ca.bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("./rashid.csv","Rashid Khan")

ca.bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("./tahir.csv","Imran Tahir")

27 Wickets taken moving average

From th eplot below it can be see

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.bowlerMovingAverage("./shakib.csv","Shakib Al Hasan")

ca.bowlerMovingAverage("./nabi.csv","Mohammad Nabi")

ca.bowlerMovingAverage("./rashid.csv","Rashid Khan")

ca.bowlerMovingAverage("./tahir.csv","Imran Tahir")

28 Cumulative average wickets taken

The plots below give the cumulative average wickets taken by the bowlers. Rashid Khan has been the most effective with almost 2.28 wickets per match

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./shakib.csv","Shakib Al Hasan")

ca.bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./nabi.csv","Mohammad Nabi")

ca.bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./rashid.csv","Rashid Khan")

ca.bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./tahir.csv","Imran Tahir")

29 Cumulative average economy rate

The plots below give the cumulative average economy rate of the bowlers. Rashid Khan has the nest economy rate followed by Mohammed Nabi

import cricpy.analytics as ca
ca.bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./shakib.csv","Shakib Al Hasan")

ca.bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./nabi.csv","Mohammad Nabi")

ca.bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./rashid.csv","Rashid Khan")

ca.bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./tahir.csv","Imran Tahir")

30 Relative cumulative average economy rate of bowlers

The Relative cumulative economy rate is given below. It can be seen that Rashid Khan has the best economy rate followed by Mohammed Nabi and then Imran Tahir

import cricpy.analytics as ca
frames = ["./shakib.csv","./nabi.csv","./rashid.csv","tahir.csv"]
names = ["Shakib Al Hasan","Mohammad Nabi","Rashid Khan", "Imran Tahir"]
ca.relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate(frames,names)

31 Relative Economy Rate against wickets taken

Rashid Khan has the best figures for wickets between 2-3.5 wickets. Mohammed Nabi pips Rashid Khan when takes a haul of 4 wickets.

import cricpy.analytics as ca
frames = ["./shakib.csv","./nabi.csv","./rashid.csv","tahir.csv"]
names = ["Shakib Al Hasan","Mohammad Nabi","Rashid Khan", "Imran Tahir"]
ca.relativeBowlingER(frames,names)

32 Relative cumulative average wickets of bowlers in career

Rashid has the best performance with cumulative average wickets. He is followed by Imran Tahir in the wicket haul, followed by Shakib Al Hasan

import cricpy.analytics as ca
frames = ["./shakib.csv","./nabi.csv","./rashid.csv","tahir.csv"]
names = ["Shakib Al Hasan","Mohammad Nabi","Rashid Khan", "Imran Tahir"]
ca.relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgWickets(frames,names)

33. Key Findings

The plots above capture some of the capabilities and features of my cricpy package. Feel free to install the package and try it out. Please do keep in mind ESPN Cricinfo’s Terms of Use.

Here are the main findings from the analysis above

Analysis of Top 4 batsman

The analysis of the Top 4 test batsman Kohli, Guptill, Shahzad and McCullum

  1. Kohli has the best overall cumulative average runs and towers over everybody else
  2. Kohli, Guptill and McCullum has a very good strike rate of around 125+
  3. Guptill and McCullum have a larger percentage of sixes as compared to Kohli
  4. Rashid Khan has the best cumulative average wickets, followed by Imran Tahir and then Shakib Al Hasan
  5. Rashid Khan is the most economical bowler, followed by Mohammed Nabi