The Nobel Prize is perhaps the world’s most well known scientific award. Every year it is given to scientists and scholars in chemistry, literature, physics, medicine, economics, and peace. The first Nobel Prize was handed out in 1901, and at that time the prize was Eurocentric and male-focused, but nowadays it’s not biased in any way.

For The Greatest Benefit To Humankind

History

For the greatest benefit to humankind

Alfred Nobel was an inventor, entrepreneur, scientist and businessman who also wrote poetry and drama. His varied interests are reflected in the prize he established. and which he lay the foundation for in 1895 when he wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the prize.

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from around the world for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and for work in peace.

  1. Born: 21 October 1833
  2. Died: 10 December 1896
  3. Known for: inventing dynamite and holder of 355 patents
  4. Professions: chemist, inventor, engineer, entrepreneur, businessman, author
  5. Will: left 31 million SEK (about 265 million dollar today) to fund the prizes

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List

Year Category Prize Motivation Prize Share Laureate ID Laureate Type Full Name Birth Date Birth City Birth Country Sex Organization Name Organization City Organization Country Death Date Death City Death Country
1901 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901 “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions” 1/1 160 Individual Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff 1852-08-30 Rotterdam Netherlands Male Berlin University Berlin Germany 1911-03-01 Berlin Germany
1901 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901 “in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect” 1/1 569 Individual Sully Prudhomme 1839-03-16 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1907-09-07 Châtenay France
1901 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 “for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths” 1/1 293 Individual Emil Adolf von Behring 1854-03-15 Hansdorf (Lawice) Prussia (Poland) Male Marburg University Marburg Germany 1917-03-31 Marburg Germany
1901 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1901 NA 1/2 462 Individual Jean Henry Dunant 1828-05-08 Geneva Switzerland Male NA NA NA 1910-10-30 Heiden Switzerland
1901 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1901 NA 1/2 463 Individual Frédéric Passy 1822-05-20 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1912-06-12 Paris France
1901 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him” 1/1 1 Individual Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 1845-03-27 Lennep (Remscheid) Prussia (Germany) Male Munich University Munich Germany 1923-02-10 Munich Germany
1902 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902 “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses” 1/1 161 Individual Hermann Emil Fischer 1852-10-09 Euskirchen Prussia (Germany) Male Berlin University Berlin Germany 1919-07-15 Berlin Germany
1902 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1902 “the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, <I>A history of Rome</I>” 1/1 571 Individual Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen 1817-11-30 Garding Schleswig (Germany) Male NA NA NA 1903-11-01 Charlottenburg Germany
1902 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902 “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it” 1/1 294 Individual Ronald Ross 1857-05-13 Almora India Male University College Liverpool United Kingdom 1932-09-16 Putney Heath United Kingdom
1902 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1902 NA 1/2 464 Individual Élie Ducommun 1833-02-19 Geneva Switzerland Male NA NA NA 1906-12-07 Bern Switzerland
1902 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1902 NA 1/2 465 Individual Charles Albert Gobat 1843-05-21 Tramelan Switzerland Male NA NA NA 1914-03-16 Bern Switzerland
1902 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 “in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena” 1/2 2 Individual Hendrik Antoon Lorentz 1853-07-18 Arnhem Netherlands Male Leiden University Leiden Netherlands 1928-02-04 NA Netherlands
1902 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 “in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena” 1/2 3 Individual Pieter Zeeman 1865-05-25 Zonnemaire Netherlands Male Amsterdam University Amsterdam Netherlands 1943-10-09 Amsterdam Netherlands
1903 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903 “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation” 1/1 162 Individual Svante August Arrhenius 1859-02-19 Vik Sweden Male Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden 1927-10-02 Stockholm Sweden
1903 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1903 “as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit” 1/1 572 Individual Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson 1832-12-08 Kvikne Norway Male NA NA NA 1910-04-26 Paris France
1903 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903 “in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science” 1/1 295 Individual Niels Ryberg Finsen 1860-12-15 Thorshavn Faroe Islands (Denmark) Male Finsen Medical Light Institute Copenhagen Denmark 1904-09-24 Copenhagen Denmark
1903 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1903 NA 1/1 466 Individual William Randal Cremer 1828-03-18 Fareham United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1908-07-22 London United Kingdom
1903 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity” 1/2 4 Individual Antoine Henri Becquerel 1852-12-15 Paris France Male École Polytechnique Paris France 1908-08-25 NA France
1903 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 “in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel” 1/4 5 Individual Pierre Curie 1859-05-15 Paris France Male École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry) Paris France 1906-04-19 Paris France
1903 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 “in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel” 1/4 6 Individual Marie Curie, née Sklodowska 1867-11-07 Warsaw Russian Empire (Poland) Female NA NA NA 1934-07-04 Sallanches France
1904 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904 “in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system” 1/1 163 Individual Sir William Ramsay 1852-10-02 Glasgow Scotland Male University College London United Kingdom 1916-07-23 High Wycombe United Kingdom
1904 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904 “in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist” 1/2 573 Individual Frédéric Mistral 1830-09-08 Maillane France Male NA NA NA 1914-03-25 Maillane France
1904 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904 “in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama” 1/2 574 Individual José Echegaray y Eizaguirre 1832-04-19 Madrid Spain Male NA NA NA 1916-09-04 Madrid Spain
1904 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 “in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged” 1/1 296 Individual Ivan Petrovich Pavlov 1849-09-14 Ryazan Russia Male Military Medical Academy St. Petersburg Russia 1936-02-27 Leningrad Russia
1904 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1904 NA 1/1 467 Organization Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1904 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904 “for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies” 1/1 8 Individual Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) 1842-11-12 Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex United Kingdom Male Royal Institution of Great Britain London United Kingdom 1919-06-30 NA United Kingdom
1905 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905 “in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds” 1/1 164 Individual Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer 1835-10-31 Berlin Prussia (Germany) Male Munich University Munich Germany 1917-08-20 Starnberg Germany
1905 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905 “because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer” 1/1 575 Individual Henryk Sienkiewicz 1846-05-05 Wola Okrzejska Poland Male NA NA NA 1916-11-15 Vevey Switzerland
1905 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905 “for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis” 1/1 297 Individual Robert Koch 1843-12-11 Clausthal (Clausthal-Zellerfeld) Germany Male Institute for Infectious Diseases Berlin Germany 1910-05-27 Baden-Baden Germany
1905 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1905 NA 1/1 468 Individual Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau 1843-06-09 Prague Austrian Empire (Czech Republic) Female NA NA NA 1914-06-21 Vienna Austria
1905 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905 “for his work on cathode rays” 1/1 9 Individual Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard 1862-06-07 Pressburg (Bratislava) Hungary (Slovakia) Male Kiel University Kiel Germany 1947-05-20 Messelhausen Germany
1906 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906 “in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him” 1/1 165 Individual Henri Moissan 1852-09-28 Paris France Male Sorbonne University Paris France 1907-02-20 Paris France
1906 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906 “not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces” 1/1 576 Individual Giosuè Carducci 1835-07-27 Val di Castello Tuscany (Italy) Male NA NA NA 1907-02-16 Bologna Italy
1906 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 “in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system” 1/2 298 Individual Camillo Golgi 1843-07-07 Corteno Italy Male Pavia University Pavia Italy 1926-01-21 Pavia Italy
1906 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 “in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system” 1/2 299 Individual Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1852-05-01 Petilla de Aragó Spain Male Madrid University Madrid Spain 1934-10-17 Madrid Spain
1906 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1906 NA 1/1 470 Individual Theodore Roosevelt 1858-10-27 New York, NY United States of America Male NA NA NA 1919-01-06 Oyster Bay, NY United States of America
1906 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 “in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases” 1/1 10 Individual Joseph John Thomson 1856-12-18 Cheetham Hill, near Manchester United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1940-08-30 Cambridge United Kingdom
1907 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 “for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation” 1/1 166 Individual Eduard Buchner 1860-05-20 Munich Bavaria (Germany) Male Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College) Berlin Germany 1917-08-13 Focsani Romania
1907 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907 “in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author” 1/1 577 Individual Rudyard Kipling 1865-12-30 Bombay British India (India) Male NA NA NA 1936-01-18 London United Kingdom
1907 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907 “in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases” 1/1 300 Individual Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran 1845-06-18 Paris France Male Institut Pasteur Paris France 1922-05-18 Paris France
1907 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1907 NA 1/2 471 Individual Ernesto Teodoro Moneta 1833-09-20 Milan Austrian Empire (Italy) Male NA NA NA 1918-02-10 Milan Italy
1907 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1907 NA 1/2 472 Individual Louis Renault 1843-05-21 Autun France Male Sorbonne University Paris France 1918-02-08 Barbizon France
1907 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907 “for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid” 1/1 11 Individual Albert Abraham Michelson 1852-12-19 Strelno (Strzelno) Prussia (Poland) Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 1931-05-09 Pasadena, CA United States of America
1908 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 “for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances” 1/1 167 Individual Ernest Rutherford 1871-08-30 Nelson New Zealand Male Victoria University Manchester United Kingdom 1937-10-19 Cambridge United Kingdom
1908 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1908 “in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life” 1/1 578 Individual Rudolf Christoph Eucken 1846-01-05 Aurich East Friesland (Germany) Male NA NA NA 1926-09-14 Jena Germany
1908 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908 “in recognition of their work on immunity” 1/2 301 Individual Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov 1845-05-15 Kharkov (Kharkiv) Russian Empire (Ukraine) Male Institut Pasteur Paris France 1916-07-15 Paris France
1908 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908 “in recognition of their work on immunity” 1/2 302 Individual Paul Ehrlich 1854-03-14 Strehlen (Strzelin) Prussia (Poland) Male Goettingen University Göttingen Germany 1915-08-20 Bad Homburg vor der Höhe Germany
1908 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908 “in recognition of their work on immunity” 1/2 302 Individual Paul Ehrlich 1854-03-14 Strehlen (Strzelin) Prussia (Poland) Male Königliches Institut für experimentelle Therapie (Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy) Frankfurt-on-the-Main Germany 1915-08-20 Bad Homburg vor der Höhe Germany
1908 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1908 NA 1/2 473 Individual Klas Pontus Arnoldson 1844-10-27 Gothenburg Sweden Male NA NA NA 1916-02-20 Stockholm Sweden
1908 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1908 NA 1/2 474 Individual Fredrik Bajer 1837-04-21 Næstved Denmark Male NA NA NA 1922-01-22 Copenhagen Denmark
1908 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908 “for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference” 1/1 12 Individual Gabriel Lippmann 1845-08-16 Hollerich Luxembourg Male Sorbonne University Paris France 1921-07-13 NA NA
1909 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909 “in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction” 1/1 168 Individual Wilhelm Ostwald 1853-09-02 Riga Russian Empire (Latvia) Male Leipzig University Leipzig Germany 1932-04-04 Leipzig Germany
1909 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1909 “in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings” 1/1 579 Individual Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf 1858-11-20 Mårbacka Sweden Female NA NA NA 1940-03-16 Mårbacka Sweden
1909 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909 “for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland” 1/1 303 Individual Emil Theodor Kocher 1841-08-25 Berne Switzerland Male Berne University Berne Switzerland 1917-07-27 Berne Switzerland
1909 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1909 NA 1/2 475 Individual Auguste Marie François Beernaert 1829-07-26 Ostend Belgium Male NA NA NA 1912-10-06 Lucerne Switzerland
1909 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1909 NA 1/2 476 Individual Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d’Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque 1852-11-22 La Flèche France Male NA NA NA 1924-05-15 Paris France
1909 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 “in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy” 1/2 13 Individual Guglielmo Marconi 1874-04-25 Bologna Italy Male Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd. London United Kingdom 1937-07-20 Rome Italy
1909 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 “in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy” 1/2 14 Individual Karl Ferdinand Braun 1850-06-06 Fulda Hesse-Kassel (Germany) Male Strasbourg University Strasbourg Alsace (then Germany, now France) 1918-04-20 Brooklyn, NY United States of America
1910 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910 “in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds” 1/1 169 Individual Otto Wallach 1847-03-27 Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad) Germany (Russia) Male Goettingen University Göttingen Germany 1931-02-26 Göttingen Germany
1910 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1910 “as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories” 1/1 580 Individual Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse 1830-03-15 Berlin Prussia (Germany) Male NA NA NA 1914-04-02 Munich Germany
1910 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910 “in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances” 1/1 304 Individual Albrecht Kossel 1853-09-16 Rostock Mecklenburg (Germany) Male University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany 1927-07-05 Heidelberg Germany
1910 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1910 NA 1/1 477 Organization Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1910 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910 “for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids” 1/1 15 Individual Johannes Diderik van der Waals 1837-11-23 Leiden Netherlands Male Amsterdam University Amsterdam Netherlands 1923-03-08 Amsterdam Netherlands
1911 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 “in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element” 1/1 6 Individual Marie Curie, née Sklodowska 1867-11-07 Warsaw Russian Empire (Poland) Female Sorbonne University Paris France 1934-07-04 Sallanches France
1911 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1911 “in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers’ own feelings and stimulate their imaginations” 1/1 581 Individual Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck 1862-08-29 Ghent Belgium Male NA NA NA 1949-05-06 Nice France
1911 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911 “for his work on the dioptrics of the eye” 1/1 305 Individual Allvar Gullstrand 1862-06-05 Landskrona Sweden Male Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden 1930-07-28 Stockholm Sweden
1911 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1911 NA 1/2 478 Individual Tobias Michael Carel Asser 1838-04-28 Amsterdam Netherlands Male NA NA NA 1913-07-29 the Hague Netherlands
1911 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1911 NA 1/2 479 Individual Alfred Hermann Fried 1864-11-11 Vienna Austria Male NA NA NA 1921-05-05 Vienna Austria
1911 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911 “for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat” 1/1 16 Individual Wilhelm Wien 1864-01-13 Gaffken (Parusnoye) Prussia (Russia) Male Würzburg University Würzburg Germany 1928-08-30 Munich Germany
1912 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912 “for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry” 1/2 172 Individual Victor Grignard 1871-05-06 Cherbourg France Male Nancy University Nancy France 1935-12-13 Lyon France
1912 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912 “for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years” 1/2 173 Individual Paul Sabatier 1854-11-05 Carcassonne France Male Toulouse University Toulouse France 1941-08-14 Toulouse France
1912 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912 “primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art” 1/1 582 Individual Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann 1862-11-15 Bad Salzbrunn Prussia (Germany) Male NA NA NA 1946-06-06 Agnetendorf (Jagniatków) Germany (Poland)
1912 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912 “in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs” 1/1 306 Individual Alexis Carrel 1873-06-28 Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon France Male Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research New York, NY United States of America 1944-11-05 Paris France
1912 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1912 NA 1/1 480 Individual Elihu Root 1845-02-15 Clinton, NY United States of America Male NA NA NA 1937-02-07 New York, NY United States of America
1912 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912 “for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys” 1/1 17 Individual Nils Gustaf Dalén 1869-11-30 Stenstorp Sweden Male Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co. Lidingö-Stockholm Sweden 1937-12-09 Stockholm Sweden
1913 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913 “in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry” 1/1 174 Individual Alfred Werner 1866-12-12 Mulhouse France Male University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland 1919-11-15 Zurich Switzerland
1913 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 “because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West” 1/1 583 Individual Rabindranath Tagore 1861-05-07 Calcutta India Male NA NA NA 1941-08-07 Calcutta India
1913 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913 “in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis” 1/1 307 Individual Charles Robert Richet 1850-08-26 Paris France Male Sorbonne University Paris France 1935-12-04 Paris France
1913 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1913 NA 1/1 481 Individual Henri La Fontaine 1854-04-22 Brussels Belgium Male NA NA NA 1943-05-14 Brussels Belgium
1913 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 “for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium” 1/1 18 Individual Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1853-09-21 Groningen Netherlands Male Leiden University Leiden Netherlands 1926-02-21 Leiden Netherlands
1914 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914 “in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements” 1/1 175 Individual Theodore William Richards 1868-01-31 Germantown, PA United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1928-04-02 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1914 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914 “for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus” 1/1 308 Individual Robert Bárány 1876-04-22 Vienna Austria Male Vienna University Vienna Austria 1936-04-08 Uppsala Sweden
1914 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914 “for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals” 1/1 19 Individual Max von Laue 1879-10-09 Pfaffendorf Germany Male Frankfurt-on-the-Main University Frankfurt-on-the-Main Germany 1960-04-23 Berlin West Germany (Germany)
1915 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915 “for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll” 1/1 176 Individual Richard Martin Willstätter 1872-08-13 Karlsruhe Germany Male Munich University Munich Germany 1942-08-03 Locarno Switzerland
1915 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1915 “as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings” 1/1 584 Individual Romain Rolland 1866-01-29 Clamecy France Male NA NA NA 1944-12-30 Vézelay France
1915 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 “for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays” 1/2 20 Individual Sir William Henry Bragg 1862-07-02 Wigton United Kingdom Male University College London United Kingdom 1942-03-12 London United Kingdom
1915 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 “for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays” 1/2 21 Individual William Lawrence Bragg 1890-03-31 Adelaide Australia Male Victoria University Manchester United Kingdom 1971-07-01 Ipswich United Kingdom
1916 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1916 “in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature” 1/1 585 Individual Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam 1859-07-06 Olshammar Sweden Male NA NA NA 1940-05-20 Övralid Sweden
1917 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917 “for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals” 1/2 586 Individual Karl Adolph Gjellerup 1857-06-02 Roholte Denmark Male NA NA NA 1919-10-11 Klotzsche Germany
1917 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917 “for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark” 1/2 587 Individual Henrik Pontoppidan 1857-07-24 Fredericia Denmark Male NA NA NA 1943-08-21 Ordrup Denmark
1917 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1917 NA 1/1 482 Organization Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1917 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917 “for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements” 1/1 22 Individual Charles Glover Barkla 1877-06-07 Widnes United Kingdom Male Edinburgh University Edinburgh United Kingdom 1944-10-23 Edinburgh Scotland
1918 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918 “for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements” 1/1 177 Individual Fritz Haber 1868-12-09 Breslau (Wroclaw) Prussia (Poland) Male Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie Berlin-Dahlem Germany 1934-01-29 Basel Switzerland
1918 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 “in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta” 1/1 23 Individual Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck 1858-04-23 Kiel Schleswig (Germany) Male Berlin University Berlin Germany 1947-10-04 Göttingen West Germany (Germany)
1919 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1919 “in special appreciation of his epic, <I>Olympian Spring</I>” 1/1 588 Individual Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler 1845-04-24 Liestal Switzerland Male NA NA NA 1924-12-29 Lucerne Switzerland
1919 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919 “for his discoveries relating to immunity” 1/1 309 Individual Jules Bordet 1870-06-13 Soignies Belgium Male Brussels University Brussels Belgium 1961-04-06 Brussels Belgium
1919 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1919 NA 1/1 483 Individual Thomas Woodrow Wilson 1856-12-28 Staunton, VA United States of America Male NA NA NA 1924-02-03 Washington, DC United States of America
1919 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919 “for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields” 1/1 24 Individual Johannes Stark 1874-04-15 Schickenhof Germany Male Greifswald University Greifswald Germany 1957-06-21 Traunstein West Germany (Germany)
1920 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920 “in recognition of his work in thermochemistry” 1/1 178 Individual Walther Hermann Nernst 1864-06-25 Briesen Prussia (Germany) Male Berlin University Berlin Germany 1941-11-18 Muskau Germany
1920 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1920 “for his monumental work, <I>Growth of the Soil</I>” 1/1 589 Individual Knut Pedersen Hamsun 1859-08-04 Lom Norway Male NA NA NA 1952-02-19 Grimstad Norway
1920 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920 “for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism” 1/1 310 Individual Schack August Steenberg Krogh 1874-11-15 Grenå Denmark Male Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark 1949-09-13 Copenhagen Denmark
1920 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1920 NA 1/1 484 Individual Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois 1851-05-21 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1925-09-29 Épernay France
1920 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920 “in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys” 1/1 25 Individual Charles Edouard Guillaume 1861-02-15 Fleurier Switzerland Male Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) Sèvres France 1938-06-13 Sèvres France
1921 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921 “for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes” 1/1 179 Individual Frederick Soddy 1877-09-02 Eastbourne United Kingdom Male University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom 1956-09-22 Brighton United Kingdom
1921 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921 “in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament” 1/1 590 Individual Anatole France 1844-04-16 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1924-10-12 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire France
1921 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1921 NA 1/2 485 Individual Karl Hjalmar Branting 1860-11-23 Stockholm Sweden Male NA NA NA 1925-02-24 Stockholm Sweden
1921 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1921 NA 1/2 486 Individual Christian Lous Lange 1869-09-17 Stavanger Norway Male NA NA NA 1938-12-11 Oslo Norway
1921 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 “for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect” 1/1 26 Individual Albert Einstein 1879-03-14 Ulm Germany Male Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik Berlin Germany 1955-04-18 Princeton, NJ United States of America
1922 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922 “for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule” 1/1 180 Individual Francis William Aston 1877-09-01 Harborne United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1945-11-20 Cambridge United Kingdom
1922 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1922 “for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama” 1/1 592 Individual Jacinto Benavente 1866-08-12 Madrid Spain Male NA NA NA 1954-07-14 Madrid Spain
1922 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922 “for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle” 1/2 311 Individual Archibald Vivian Hill 1886-09-26 Bristol United Kingdom Male London University London United Kingdom 1977-06-03 Cambridge United Kingdom
1922 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922 “for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle” 1/2 312 Individual Otto Fritz Meyerhof 1884-04-12 Hanover Germany Male Kiel University Kiel Germany 1951-10-06 Philadelphia, PA United States of America
1922 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1922 NA 1/1 487 Individual Fridtjof Nansen 1861-10-10 Kristiania (Oslo) Norway Male NA NA NA 1930-05-13 Oslo Norway
1922 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 “for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them” 1/1 27 Individual Niels Henrik David Bohr 1885-10-07 Copenhagen Denmark Male Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark 1962-11-18 Copenhagen Denmark
1923 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923 “for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances” 1/1 181 Individual Fritz Pregl 1869-09-03 Laibach (Ljubljana) Austria-Hungary (Slovenia) Male Graz University Graz Austria 1930-12-13 Graz Austria
1923 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923 “for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation” 1/1 593 Individual William Butler Yeats 1865-06-13 Dublin Ireland Male NA NA NA 1939-01-28 Roquebrune-Cap-Martin France
1923 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923 “for the discovery of insulin” 1/2 313 Individual Frederick Grant Banting 1891-11-14 Alliston Canada Male University of Toronto Toronto Canada 1941-02-21 Newfoundland Canada
1923 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923 “for the discovery of insulin” 1/2 314 Individual John James Rickard Macleod 1876-09-06 Cluny Scotland Male University of Toronto Toronto Canada 1935-03-16 Aberdeen Scotland
1923 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923 “for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect” 1/1 28 Individual Robert Andrews Millikan 1868-03-22 Morrison, IL United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1953-12-19 San Marino, CA United States of America
1924 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1924 “for his great national epic, <I>The Peasants</I>” 1/1 594 Individual Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont 1867-05-07 Kobiele Wielkie Russian Empire (Poland) Male NA NA NA 1925-12-05 Warsaw Poland
1924 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924 “for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram” 1/1 315 Individual Willem Einthoven 1860-05-21 Semarang Java, Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) Male Leiden University Leiden Netherlands 1927-09-29 Leiden Netherlands
1924 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924 “for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy” 1/1 29 Individual Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn 1886-12-03 Lund Sweden Male Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden 1978-09-26 Ängelholm Sweden
1925 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925 “for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry” 1/1 182 Individual Richard Adolf Zsigmondy 1865-04-01 Vienna Austrian Empire (Austria) Male Goettingen University Göttingen Germany 1929-09-24 Göttingen Germany
1925 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925 “for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty” 1/1 596 Individual George Bernard Shaw 1856-07-26 Dublin Ireland Male NA NA NA 1950-11-02 Ayot St. Lawrence United Kingdom
1925 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1925 NA 1/2 488 Individual Sir Austen Chamberlain 1863-10-16 Birmingham United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1937-03-16 London United Kingdom
1925 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1925 NA 1/2 489 Individual Charles Gates Dawes 1865-08-27 Marietta, OH United States of America Male NA NA NA 1951-04-23 Evanston, IL United States of America
1925 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 “for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom” 1/2 30 Individual James Franck 1882-08-26 Hamburg Germany Male Goettingen University Göttingen Germany 1964-05-21 Göttingen West Germany (Germany)
1925 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 “for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom” 1/2 31 Individual Gustav Ludwig Hertz 1887-07-22 Hamburg Germany Male Halle University Halle Germany 1975-10-30 Berlin East Germany
1926 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926 “for his work on disperse systems” 1/1 183 Individual The (Theodor) Svedberg 1884-08-30 Fleräng Sweden Male Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden 1971-02-25 Örebro Sweden
1926 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926 “for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general” 1/1 597 Individual Grazia Deledda 1871-09-27 Nuoro, Sardinia Italy Female NA NA NA 1936-08-15 Rome Italy
1926 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926 “for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma” 1/1 316 Individual Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger 1867-04-23 Silkeborg Denmark Male Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark 1928-01-30 Copenhagen Denmark
1926 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1926 NA 1/2 490 Individual Aristide Briand 1862-03-28 Nantes France Male NA NA NA 1932-03-07 Paris France
1926 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1926 NA 1/2 491 Individual Gustav Stresemann 1878-05-10 Berlin Germany Male NA NA NA 1929-10-03 Berlin Germany
1926 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 “for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium” 1/1 32 Individual Jean Baptiste Perrin 1870-09-30 Lille France Male Sorbonne University Paris France 1942-04-17 New York, NY United States of America
1927 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927 “for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances” 1/1 184 Individual Heinrich Otto Wieland 1877-06-04 Pforzheim Germany Male Munich University Munich Germany 1957-08-05 Munich West Germany (Germany)
1927 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1927 “in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented” 1/1 600 Individual Henri Bergson 1859-10-18 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1941-01-04 Paris France
1927 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927 “for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica” 1/1 317 Individual Julius Wagner-Jauregg 1857-03-07 Wels Austria Male Vienna University Vienna Austria 1940-09-27 Vienna Austria
1927 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1927 NA 1/2 492 Individual Ferdinand Buisson 1841-12-20 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1932-02-16 Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine France
1927 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1927 NA 1/2 493 Individual Ludwig Quidde 1858-03-23 Bremen Germany Male NA NA NA 1941-03-04 Geneva Switzerland
1927 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 “for his discovery of the effect named after him” 1/2 33 Individual Arthur Holly Compton 1892-09-10 Wooster, OH United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 1962-03-15 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1927 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 “for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour” 1/2 34 Individual Charles Thomson Rees Wilson 1869-02-14 Glencorse Scotland Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1959-11-15 Carlops Scotland
1928 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928 “for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins” 1/1 185 Individual Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus 1876-12-25 Berlin Germany Male Goettingen University Göttingen Germany 1959-06-09 Göttingen West Germany (Germany)
1928 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1928 “principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages” 1/1 601 Individual Sigrid Undset 1882-05-20 Kalundborg Denmark Female NA NA NA 1949-06-10 Lillehammer Norway
1928 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928 “for his work on typhus” 1/1 318 Individual Charles Jules Henri Nicolle 1866-09-21 Rouen France Male Institut Pasteur Tunis NA 1936-02-28 Tunis Tunisia
1928 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928 “for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him” 1/1 35 Individual Owen Willans Richardson 1879-04-26 Dewsbury United Kingdom Male London University London United Kingdom 1959-02-15 Alton United Kingdom
1929 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929 “for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes” 1/2 186 Individual Arthur Harden 1865-10-12 Manchester United Kingdom Male London University London United Kingdom 1940-06-17 Bourne United Kingdom
1929 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929 “for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes” 1/2 187 Individual Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin 1873-02-15 Augsburg Germany Male Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden 1964-11-06 Stockholm Sweden
1929 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1929 “principally for his great novel, <I>Buddenbrooks</I>, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature” 1/1 602 Individual Thomas Mann 1875-06-06 Lübeck Germany Male NA NA NA 1955-08-12 Zurich Switzerland
1929 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929 “for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin” 1/2 319 Individual Christiaan Eijkman 1858-08-11 Nijkerk Netherlands Male Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands 1930-11-05 Utrecht Netherlands
1929 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929 “for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins” 1/2 320 Individual Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins 1861-06-20 Eastbourne United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1947-05-16 Cambridge United Kingdom
1929 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1929 NA 1/1 494 Individual Frank Billings Kellogg 1856-12-22 Potsdam, NY United States of America Male NA NA NA 1937-12-21 St. Paul, MN United States of America
1929 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929 “for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons” 1/1 36 Individual Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie 1892-08-15 Dieppe France Male Sorbonne University, Institut Henri Poincaré Paris France 1987-03-19 Paris France
1930 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930 “for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin” 1/1 188 Individual Hans Fischer 1881-07-27 Hoechst Germany Male Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology) Munich Germany 1945-03-31 Munich Germany
1930 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 “for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters” 1/1 603 Individual Sinclair Lewis 1885-02-07 Sauk Centre, MN United States of America Male NA NA NA 1951-01-10 Rome Italy
1930 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930 “for his discovery of human blood groups” 1/1 321 Individual Karl Landsteiner 1868-06-14 Vienna Austrian Empire (Austria) Male Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research New York, NY United States of America 1943-06-26 New York, NY United States of America
1930 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1930 NA 1/1 495 Individual Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom 1866-01-15 Trönö Sweden Male NA NA NA 1931-07-12 Uppsala Sweden
1930 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him” 1/1 37 Individual Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 1888-11-07 Tiruchirappalli India Male Calcutta University Calcutta India 1970-11-21 Bangalore India
1931 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 “in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods” 1/2 189 Individual Carl Bosch 1874-08-27 Cologne Germany Male University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany 1940-04-26 Heidelberg Germany
1931 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 “in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods” 1/2 189 Individual Carl Bosch 1874-08-27 Cologne Germany Male I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. Heidelberg Germany 1940-04-26 Heidelberg Germany
1931 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 “in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods” 1/2 190 Individual Friedrich Bergius 1884-10-11 Goldschmieden, near Breslau Germany (Poland) Male University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany 1949-03-30 Buenos Aires Argentina
1931 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 “in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods” 1/2 190 Individual Friedrich Bergius 1884-10-11 Goldschmieden, near Breslau Germany (Poland) Male I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. Mannheim-Rheinau Germany 1949-03-30 Buenos Aires Argentina
1931 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1931 “The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt” 1/1 604 Individual Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1864-07-20 Karlbo Sweden Male NA NA NA 1931-04-08 Stockholm Sweden
1931 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931 “for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme” 1/1 322 Individual Otto Heinrich Warburg 1883-10-08 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany Male Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie Berlin-Dahlem Germany 1970-08-01 West Berlin West Germany (Germany)
1931 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1931 NA 1/2 496 Individual Jane Addams 1860-09-06 Cedarville, IL United States of America Female NA NA NA 1935-05-21 Chicago, IL United States of America
1931 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1931 NA 1/2 497 Individual Nicholas Murray Butler 1862-04-02 Elizabeth, NJ United States of America Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America 1947-12-07 New York, NY United States of America
1932 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932 “for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry” 1/1 191 Individual Irving Langmuir 1881-01-31 Brooklyn, NY United States of America Male General Electric Company Schenectady, NY United States of America 1957-08-16 Falmouth, MA United States of America
1932 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1932 “for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>” 1/1 605 Individual John Galsworthy 1867-08-14 Kingston Hill United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1933-01-31 London United Kingdom
1932 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932 “for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons” 1/2 323 Individual Sir Charles Scott Sherrington 1857-11-27 London United Kingdom Male University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom 1952-03-04 Eastbourne United Kingdom
1932 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932 “for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons” 1/2 324 Individual Edgar Douglas Adrian 1889-11-30 London United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1977-08-08 Cambridge United Kingdom
1932 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932 “for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen” 1/1 38 Individual Werner Karl Heisenberg 1901-12-05 Würzburg Germany Male Leipzig University Leipzig Germany 1976-02-01 Munich West Germany (Germany)
1933 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933 “for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing” 1/1 606 Individual Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin 1870-10-22 Voronezh Russia Male NA NA NA 1953-11-08 Paris France
1933 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933 “for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity” 1/1 325 Individual Thomas Hunt Morgan 1866-09-25 Lexington, KY United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1945-12-04 Pasadena, CA United States of America
1933 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1933 NA 1/1 498 Individual Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane) 1872-12-26 Holbeach United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1967-10-07 Croydon United Kingdom
1933 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 “for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory” 1/2 39 Individual Erwin Schrödinger 1887-08-12 Vienna Austria Male Berlin University Berlin Germany 1961-01-04 Vienna Austria
1933 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 “for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory” 1/2 40 Individual Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac 1902-08-08 Bristol United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1984-10-20 Tallahassee, FL United States of America
1934 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934 “for his discovery of heavy hydrogen” 1/1 192 Individual Harold Clayton Urey 1893-04-29 Walkerton, IN United States of America Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America 1981-01-05 La Jolla, CA United States of America
1934 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1934 “for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art” 1/1 607 Individual Luigi Pirandello 1867-06-28 Agrigento, Sicily Italy Male NA NA NA 1936-12-10 Rome Italy
1934 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934 “for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia” 1/3 326 Individual George Hoyt Whipple 1878-08-28 Ashland, NH United States of America Male University of Rochester Rochester, NY United States of America 1976-02-01 Rochester, NY United States of America
1934 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934 “for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia” 1/3 327 Individual George Richards Minot 1885-12-02 Boston, MA United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1950-02-25 Brookline, MA United States of America
1934 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934 “for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia” 1/3 328 Individual William Parry Murphy 1892-02-06 Stoughton, WI United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1987-10-09 Brookline, MA United States of America
1934 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934 “for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia” 1/3 328 Individual William Parry Murphy 1892-02-06 Stoughton, WI United States of America Male Peter Brent Brigham Hospital Boston, MA United States of America 1987-10-09 Brookline, MA United States of America
1934 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1934 NA 1/1 499 Individual Arthur Henderson 1863-09-13 Glasgow Scotland Male NA NA NA 1935-10-20 London United Kingdom
1935 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 “in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements” 1/2 193 Individual Frédéric Joliot 1900-03-19 Paris France Male Institut du Radium Paris France 1958-08-14 Paris France
1935 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 “in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements” 1/2 194 Individual Irène Joliot-Curie 1897-09-12 Paris France Female Institut du Radium Paris France 1956-03-17 Paris France
1935 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935 “for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development” 1/1 329 Individual Hans Spemann 1869-06-27 Stuttgart W&uuml;rttemberg (Germany) Male University of Freiburg im Breisgau Breisgau Germany 1941-09-12 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
1935 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1935 NA 1/1 500 Individual Carl von Ossietzky 1889-10-03 Hamburg Germany Male NA NA NA 1938-05-04 Berlin Germany
1935 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935 “for the discovery of the neutron” 1/1 41 Individual James Chadwick 1891-10-20 Manchester United Kingdom Male Liverpool University Liverpool United Kingdom 1974-07-24 Cambridge United Kingdom
1936 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936 “for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases” 1/1 195 Individual Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye 1884-03-24 Maastricht Netherlands Male Berlin University Berlin Germany 1966-11-02 Ithaca, NY United States of America
1936 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936 “for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases” 1/1 195 Individual Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye 1884-03-24 Maastricht Netherlands Male Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik Berlin Germany 1966-11-02 Ithaca, NY United States of America
1936 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936 “for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy” 1/1 608 Individual Eugene Gladstone O’Neill 1888-10-16 New York, NY United States of America Male NA NA NA 1953-11-27 Boston, MA United States of America
1936 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936 “for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses” 1/2 330 Individual Sir Henry Hallett Dale 1875-06-09 London United Kingdom Male National Institute for Medical Research London United Kingdom 1968-07-23 Cambridge United Kingdom
1936 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936 “for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses” 1/2 331 Individual Otto Loewi 1873-06-03 Frankfurt-on-the-Main Germany Male Graz University Graz Austria 1961-12-25 New York, NY United States of America
1936 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1936 NA 1/1 501 Individual Carlos Saavedra Lamas 1878-11-01 Buenos Aires Argentina Male NA NA NA 1959-05-05 Buenos Aires Argentina
1936 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936 “for his discovery of cosmic radiation” 1/2 42 Individual Victor Franz Hess 1883-06-24 Peggau Austria Male Innsbruck University Innsbruck Austria 1964-12-17 Mount Verno, NY United States of America
1936 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936 “for his discovery of the positron” 1/2 43 Individual Carl David Anderson 1905-09-03 New York, NY United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1991-01-11 San Marino, CA United States of America
1937 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937 “for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C” 1/2 196 Individual Walter Norman Haworth 1883-03-19 Chorley United Kingdom Male Birmingham University Birmingham United Kingdom 1950-03-19 Birmingham United Kingdom
1937 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937 “for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2” 1/2 197 Individual Paul Karrer 1889-04-21 Moscow Russia Male University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland 1971-06-18 Zurich Switzerland
1937 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937 “for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>” 1/1 609 Individual Roger Martin du Gard 1881-03-23 Neuilly-sur-Seine France Male NA NA NA 1958-08-22 Bellême France
1937 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937 “for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid” 1/1 332 Individual Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt 1893-09-16 Budapest Austria-Hungary (Hungary) Male Szeged University Szeged Hungary 1986-10-22 Woods Hole, MA United States of America
1937 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1937 NA 1/1 502 Individual Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil) 1864-09-14 London United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1958-11-24 Tunbridge Wells United Kingdom
1937 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937 “for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals” 1/2 44 Individual Clinton Joseph Davisson 1881-10-22 Bloomington, IL United States of America Male Bell Telephone Laboratories New York, NY United States of America 1958-02-01 Charlottesville, VA United States of America
1937 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937 “for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals” 1/2 45 Individual George Paget Thomson 1892-05-03 Cambridge United Kingdom Male London University London United Kingdom 1975-09-10 Cambridge United Kingdom
1938 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938 “for his work on carotenoids and vitamins” 1/1 198 Individual Richard Kuhn 1900-12-03 Vienna Austria-Hungary (Austria) Male Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung Heidelberg Germany 1967-07-31 Heidelberg West Germany (Germany)
1938 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938 “for his work on carotenoids and vitamins” 1/1 198 Individual Richard Kuhn 1900-12-03 Vienna Austria-Hungary (Austria) Male University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany 1967-07-31 Heidelberg West Germany (Germany)
1938 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938 “for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces” 1/1 610 Individual Pearl Buck 1892-06-26 Hillsboro, WV United States of America Female NA NA NA 1973-03-06 Danby, VT United States of America
1938 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938 “for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration” 1/1 333 Individual Corneille Jean François Heymans 1892-03-28 Ghent Belgium Male Ghent University Ghent Belgium 1968-07-18 Knokke Belgium
1938 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1938 NA 1/1 503 Organization Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1938 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938 “for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons” 1/1 46 Individual Enrico Fermi 1901-09-29 Rome Italy Male Rome University Rome Italy 1954-11-28 Chicago, IL United States of America
1939 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939 “for his work on sex hormones” 1/2 199 Individual Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt 1903-03-24 Bremerhaven-Lehe Germany Male Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie Berlin-Dahlem Germany 1995-01-18 Munich Germany
1939 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939 “for his work on sex hormones” 1/2 199 Individual Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt 1903-03-24 Bremerhaven-Lehe Germany Male Berlin University Berlin Germany 1995-01-18 Munich Germany
1939 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939 “for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes” 1/2 200 Individual Leopold Ruzicka 1887-09-13 Vukovar Austria-Hungary (Croatia) Male Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland 1976-09-26 Zurich Switzerland
1939 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939 “for his deep understanding of his country’s peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature” 1/1 613 Individual Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1888-09-16 Hämeenkyrö Russian Empire (Finland) Male NA NA NA 1964-06-03 Helsinki Finland
1939 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939 “for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil” 1/1 334 Individual Gerhard Domagk 1895-10-30 Lagow Germany (Poland) Male Munster University Munster Germany 1964-04-24 Burgberg West Germany (Germany)
1939 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939 “for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements” 1/1 47 Individual Ernest Orlando Lawrence 1901-08-08 Canton, SD United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 1958-08-27 Palo Alto, CA United States of America
1943 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943 “for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes” 1/1 201 Individual George de Hevesy 1885-08-01 Budapest Austria-Hungary (Hungary) Male Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden 1966-07-05 Freiburg im Breisgau West Germany (Germany)
1943 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943 “for his discovery of vitamin K” 1/2 335 Individual Henrik Carl Peter Dam 1895-02-21 Copenhagen Denmark Male Polytechnic Institute Copenhagen Denmark 1976-04-17 Copenhagen Denmark
1943 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943 “for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K” 1/2 336 Individual Edward Adelbert Doisy 1893-11-13 Hume, IL United States of America Male Saint Louis University St. Louis, MO United States of America 1986-10-23 St. Louis, MO United States of America
1943 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943 “for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton” 1/1 48 Individual Otto Stern 1888-02-17 Sorau (Zory) Germany (Poland) Male Carnegie Institute of Technology Pittsburgh, PA United States of America 1969-08-17 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1944 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944 “for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei” 1/1 202 Individual Otto Hahn 1879-03-08 Frankfurt-on-the-Main Germany Male Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie Berlin-Dahlem Germany 1968-07-28 Göttingen West Germany (Germany)
1944 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944 “for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style” 1/1 614 Individual Johannes Vilhelm Jensen 1873-01-20 Farsø Denmark Male NA NA NA 1950-11-25 Copenhagen Denmark
1944 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944 “for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres” 1/2 337 Individual Joseph Erlanger 1874-01-05 San Francisco, CA United States of America Male Washington University St. Louis, MO United States of America 1965-12-05 St. Louis, MO United States of America
1944 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944 “for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres” 1/2 338 Individual Herbert Spencer Gasser 1888-07-05 Platteville, WI United States of America Male Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research New York, NY United States of America 1963-05-11 New York, NY United States of America
1944 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1944 NA 1/1 482 Organization Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1944 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944 “for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei” 1/1 49 Individual Isidor Isaac Rabi 1898-07-29 Rymanow Austria-Hungary (Poland) Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America 1988-01-11 New York, NY United States of America
1945 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945 “for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method” 1/1 203 Individual Artturi Ilmari Virtanen 1895-01-15 Helsinki Russian Empire (Finland) Male University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland 1973-11-11 Helsinki Finland
1945 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945 “for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world” 1/1 615 Individual Gabriela Mistral 1889-04-07 Vicuña Chile Female NA NA NA 1957-01-10 Hempstead, NY United States of America
1945 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 “for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases” 1/3 339 Individual Sir Alexander Fleming 1881-08-06 Lochfield Scotland Male London University London United Kingdom 1955-03-11 London United Kingdom
1945 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 “for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases” 1/3 340 Individual Ernst Boris Chain 1906-06-19 Berlin Germany Male University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom 1979-08-12 Mulrany Ireland
1945 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 “for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases” 1/3 341 Individual Sir Howard Walter Florey 1898-09-24 Adelaide Australia Male University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom 1968-02-21 Oxford United Kingdom
1945 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1945 NA 1/1 505 Individual Cordell Hull 1871-10-02 Olympus, TN United States of America Male NA NA NA 1955-07-23 Bethesda, MD United States of America
1945 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 “for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle” 1/1 50 Individual Wolfgang Pauli 1900-04-25 Vienna Austria Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America 1958-12-15 Zurich Switzerland
1946 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 “for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized” 1/2 204 Individual James Batcheller Sumner 1887-11-19 Canton, MA United States of America Male Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States of America 1955-08-12 Buffalo, NY United States of America
1946 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 “for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form” 1/4 205 Individual John Howard Northrop 1891-07-05 Yonkers, NY United States of America Male Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research Princeton, NJ United States of America 1987-05-27 Wickenberg, AZ United States of America
1946 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 “for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form” 1/4 206 Individual Wendell Meredith Stanley 1904-08-16 Ridgeville, IN United States of America Male Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research Princeton, NJ United States of America 1971-06-15 Salamanca Spain
1946 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946 “for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style” 1/1 617 Individual Hermann Hesse 1877-07-02 Calw Germany Male NA NA NA 1962-08-09 Montagnola Switzerland
1946 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946 “for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation” 1/1 342 Individual Hermann Joseph Muller 1890-12-21 New York, NY United States of America Male Indiana University Bloomington, IN United States of America 1967-04-05 NA NA
1946 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1946 NA 1/2 506 Individual Emily Greene Balch 1867-01-08 Jamaica Plain, MA (Boston) United States of America Female NA NA NA 1961-01-09 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1946 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1946 NA 1/2 507 Individual John Raleigh Mott 1865-05-25 Livingston Manor, NY United States of America Male NA NA NA 1955-01-31 NA United States of America
1946 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946 “for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics” 1/1 51 Individual Percy Williams Bridgman 1882-04-21 Cambridge, MA United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1961-08-20 Randolph, NH United States of America
1947 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947 “for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids” 1/1 207 Individual Sir Robert Robinson 1886-09-13 Rufford, near Chesterfield United Kingdom Male University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom 1975-02-08 Great Missenden United Kingdom
1947 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947 “for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight” 1/1 618 Individual André Paul Guillaume Gide 1869-11-22 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1951-02-19 Paris France
1947 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 “for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen” 1/4 343 Individual Carl Ferdinand Cori 1896-12-05 Prague Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic) Male Washington University St. Louis, MO United States of America 1984-10-20 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1947 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 “for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen” 1/4 344 Individual Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz 1896-08-15 Prague Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic) Female Washington University St. Louis, MO United States of America 1957-10-26 St. Louis, MO United States of America
1947 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 “for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar” 1/2 345 Individual Bernardo Alberto Houssay 1887-04-10 Buenos Aires Argentina Male Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine) Buenos Aires Argentina 1971-09-21 Buenos Aires Argentina
1947 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1947 NA 1/2 508 Organization Friends Service Council (The Quakers) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1947 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1947 NA 1/2 509 Organization American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1947 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947 “for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer” 1/1 52 Individual Sir Edward Victor Appleton 1892-09-06 Bradford United Kingdom Male Department of Scientific and Industrial Research London United Kingdom 1965-04-21 Edinburgh Scotland
1948 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948 “for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins” 1/1 208 Individual Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius 1902-08-10 Stockholm Sweden Male Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden 1971-10-29 Uppsala Sweden
1948 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948 “for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry” 1/1 619 Individual Thomas Stearns Eliot 1888-09-26 St. Louis, MO United States of America Male NA NA NA 1965-01-04 London United Kingdom
1948 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948 “for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods” 1/1 346 Individual Paul Hermann Müller 1899-01-12 Olten Switzerland Male Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.) Basel Switzerland 1965-10-12 Basel Switzerland
1948 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948 “for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation” 1/1 53 Individual Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett 1897-11-18 London United Kingdom Male Victoria University Manchester United Kingdom 1974-07-13 London United Kingdom
1949 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949 “for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures” 1/1 209 Individual William Francis Giauque 1895-05-12 Niagara Falls Canada Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 1982-03-28 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1949 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949 “for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel” 1/1 620 Individual William Faulkner 1897-09-25 New Albany, MS United States of America Male NA NA NA 1962-07-06 Byhalia, MS United States of America
1949 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949 “for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs” 1/2 347 Individual Walter Rudolf Hess 1881-03-17 Frauenfeld Switzerland Male University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland 1973-08-12 Ascona Switzerland
1949 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949 “for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses” 1/2 348 Individual Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz 1874-11-29 Avanca Portugal Male University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal 1955-12-13 Lisbon Portugal
1949 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949 “for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses” 1/2 348 Individual Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz 1874-11-29 Avanca Portugal Male Neurological Institute Lisbon Portugal 1955-12-13 Lisbon Portugal
1949 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1949 NA 1/1 510 Individual Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin 1880-09-23 Kilmaurs Scotland Male NA NA NA 1971-06-25 Edzell Scotland
1949 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949 “for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces” 1/1 54 Individual Hideki Yukawa 1907-01-23 Tokyo Japan Male Kyoto Imperial University Kyoto Japan 1981-09-08 Kyoto Japan
1949 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949 “for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces” 1/1 54 Individual Hideki Yukawa 1907-01-23 Tokyo Japan Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America 1981-09-08 Kyoto Japan
1950 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950 “for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis” 1/2 210 Individual Otto Paul Hermann Diels 1876-01-23 Hamburg Germany Male Kiel University Kiel Federal Republic of Germany 1954-03-07 Kiel West Germany (Germany)
1950 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950 “for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis” 1/2 211 Individual Kurt Alder 1902-07-10 Königshütte (Chorzów) Prussia (Poland) Male Cologne University Cologne Federal Republic of Germany 1958-06-20 Cologne West Germany (Germany)
1950 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950 “in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought” 1/1 621 Individual Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell 1872-05-18 Trelleck United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1970-02-02 Penrhyndeudraeth United Kingdom
1950 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950 “for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects” 1/3 349 Individual Edward Calvin Kendall 1886-03-08 South Norwalk, CT United States of America Male Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN United States of America 1972-05-04 Princeton, NJ United States of America
1950 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950 “for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects” 1/3 350 Individual Tadeus Reichstein 1897-07-20 Wloclawek Poland Male Basel University Basel Switzerland 1996-08-01 Basel Switzerland
1950 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950 “for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects” 1/3 351 Individual Philip Showalter Hench 1896-02-28 Pittsburgh, PA United States of America Male Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN United States of America 1965-03-30 Ocho Rios Jamaica
1950 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1950 NA 1/1 511 Individual Ralph Bunche 1904-08-07 Detroit, MI United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1971-12-09 New York, NY United States of America
1950 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950 “for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method” 1/1 55 Individual Cecil Frank Powell 1903-12-05 Tonbridge United Kingdom Male Bristol University Bristol United Kingdom 1969-08-09 NA Italy
1951 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951 “for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements” 1/2 212 Individual Edwin Mattison McMillan 1907-09-18 Redondo Beach, CA United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 1991-09-07 El Cerrito, CA United States of America
1951 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951 “for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements” 1/2 213 Individual Glenn Theodore Seaborg 1912-04-19 Ishpeming, MI United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 1999-02-25 Lafayette, CA United States of America
1951 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951 “for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind” 1/1 622 Individual Pär Fabian Lagerkvist 1891-05-23 Växjö Sweden Male NA NA NA 1974-07-11 Stockholm Sweden
1951 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951 “for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it” 1/1 352 Individual Max Theiler 1899-01-30 Pretoria South Africa Male Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation New York, NY United States of America 1972-08-11 New Haven, CT United States of America
1951 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1951 NA 1/1 512 Individual Léon Jouhaux 1879-07-01 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1954-04-28 Paris France
1951 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 “for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles” 1/2 56 Individual Sir John Douglas Cockcroft 1897-05-27 Todmorden United Kingdom Male Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell, Berkshire United Kingdom 1967-09-18 Cambridge United Kingdom
1951 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 “for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles” 1/2 57 Individual Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton 1903-10-06 Dungarvan Ireland Male Trinity College Dublin Ireland 1995-06-25 Belfast Northern Ireland
1952 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952 “for their invention of partition chromatography” 1/2 214 Individual Archer John Porter Martin 1910-03-01 London United Kingdom Male National Institute for Medical Research London United Kingdom 2002-07-28 Llangarron United Kingdom
1952 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952 “for their invention of partition chromatography” 1/2 215 Individual Richard Laurence Millington Synge 1914-10-28 Liverpool United Kingdom Male Rowett Research Institute Bucksburn (Scotland) United Kingdom 1994-08-18 Norwich United Kingdom
1952 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1952 “for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life” 1/1 623 Individual François Mauriac 1885-10-11 Bordeaux France Male NA NA NA 1970-09-01 Paris France
1952 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952 “for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis” 1/1 353 Individual Selman Abraham Waksman 1888-07-22 Priluka (Nova Pryluka) Russian Empire (Ukraine) Male Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ United States of America 1973-08-16 Hyannis, MA United States of America
1952 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1952 NA 1/1 513 Individual Albert Schweitzer 1875-01-14 Kaysersberg Germany (France) Male NA NA NA 1965-09-04 Lambaréné Gabon
1952 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 “for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith” 1/2 58 Individual Felix Bloch 1905-10-23 Zurich Switzerland Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America 1983-09-10 Zurich Switzerland
1952 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 “for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith” 1/2 59 Individual Edward Mills Purcell 1912-08-30 Taylorville, IL United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1997-03-07 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1953 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953 “for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry” 1/1 216 Individual Hermann Staudinger 1881-03-23 Worms Germany Male University of Freiburg Breisgau Federal Republic of Germany 1965-09-08 Freiburg im Breisgau West Germany (Germany)
1953 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953 “for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry” 1/1 216 Individual Hermann Staudinger 1881-03-23 Worms Germany Male Staatliches Institut für makromolekulare Chemie (State Research Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry), Freiburg Breisgau Federal Republic of Germany 1965-09-08 Freiburg im Breisgau West Germany (Germany)
1953 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953 “for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values” 1/1 624 Individual Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 1874-11-30 Woodstock United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1965-01-24 London United Kingdom
1953 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953 “for his discovery of the citric acid cycle” 1/2 354 Individual Hans Adolf Krebs 1900-08-25 Hildesheim Germany Male Sheffield University Sheffield United Kingdom 1981-11-22 Oxford United Kingdom
1953 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953 “for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism” 1/2 355 Individual Fritz Albert Lipmann 1899-06-12 Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad) Germany (Russia) Male Harvard Medical School Boston, MA United States of America 1986-07-24 Poughkeepsie, NY United States of America
1953 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953 “for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism” 1/2 355 Individual Fritz Albert Lipmann 1899-06-12 Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad) Germany (Russia) Male Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA United States of America 1986-07-24 Poughkeepsie, NY United States of America
1953 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1953 NA 1/1 514 Individual George Catlett Marshall 1880-12-31 Uniontown, PA United States of America Male NA NA NA 1959-10-16 Washington, DC United States of America
1953 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953 “for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope” 1/1 60 Individual Frits Zernike 1888-07-16 Amsterdam Netherlands Male Groningen University Groningen Netherlands 1966-03-10 Groningen Netherlands
1954 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 “for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances” 1/1 217 Individual Linus Carl Pauling 1901-02-28 Portland, OR United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1994-08-19 Big Sur, CA United States of America
1954 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 “for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea,</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style” 1/1 625 Individual Ernest Miller Hemingway 1899-07-21 Oak Park, IL United States of America Male NA NA NA 1961-07-02 Ketchum, ID United States of America
1954 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954 “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue” 1/3 356 Individual John Franklin Enders 1897-02-10 West Hartford, CT United States of America Male Harvard Medical School Boston, MA United States of America 1985-09-08 Waterford, CT United States of America
1954 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954 “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue” 1/3 356 Individual John Franklin Enders 1897-02-10 West Hartford, CT United States of America Male Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Medical Center Boston, MA United States of America 1985-09-08 Waterford, CT United States of America
1954 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954 “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue” 1/3 357 Individual Thomas Huckle Weller 1915-06-15 Ann Arbor, MI United States of America Male Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Medical Center Boston, MA United States of America 2008-08-23 Needham, MA United States of America
1954 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954 “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue” 1/3 358 Individual Frederick Chapman Robbins 1916-08-25 Auburn, AL United States of America Male Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH United States of America 2003-08-04 Cleveland, OH United States of America
1954 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1954 NA 1/1 515 Organization Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1954 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 “for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction” 1/2 61 Individual Max Born 1882-12-11 Breslau (Wroclaw) Germany (Poland) Male Edinburgh University Edinburgh United Kingdom 1970-01-05 Göttingen West Germany (Germany)
1954 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 “for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith” 1/2 62 Individual Walther Bothe 1891-01-08 Oranienburg Germany Male University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Federal Republic of Germany 1957-02-08 Heidelberg West Germany (Germany)
1954 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 “for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith” 1/2 62 Individual Walther Bothe 1891-01-08 Oranienburg Germany Male Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung Heidelberg Federal Republic of Germany 1957-02-08 Heidelberg West Germany (Germany)
1955 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955 “for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone” 1/1 218 Individual Vincent du Vigneaud 1901-05-18 Chicago, IL United States of America Male Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States of America 1978-12-11 White Plains, NY United States of America
1955 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955 “for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland” 1/1 626 Individual Halldór Kiljan Laxness 1902-04-23 Reykjavik Iceland Male NA NA NA 1998-02-08 Reykjavik Iceland
1955 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955 “for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes” 1/1 359 Individual Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell 1903-07-06 Linköping Sweden Male Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical Institute Stockholm Sweden 1982-08-15 Stockholm Sweden
1955 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955 “for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum” 1/2 63 Individual Willis Eugene Lamb 1913-07-12 Los Angeles, CA United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America 2008-05-15 Tucson, AZ United States of America
1955 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955 “for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron” 1/2 64 Individual Polykarp Kusch 1911-01-26 Blankenburg Germany Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America 1993-03-20 Dallas, TX United States of America
1956 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956 “for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions” 1/2 219 Individual Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood 1897-05-19 London United Kingdom Male University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom 1967-10-09 London United Kingdom
1956 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956 “for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions” 1/2 220 Individual Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov 1896-04-03 Saratov Russia Male Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1986-09-25 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1956 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956 “for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity” 1/1 627 Individual Juan Ramón Jiménez 1881-12-24 Moguer Spain Male NA NA NA 1958-05-29 San Juan Puerto Rico
1956 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956 “for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system” 1/3 360 Individual André Frédéric Cournand 1895-09-24 Paris France Male Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital New York, NY United States of America 1988-02-19 Great Barrington, MA United States of America
1956 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956 “for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system” 1/3 361 Individual Werner Forssmann 1904-08-29 Berlin Germany Male Mainz University Mainz Federal Republic of Germany 1979-06-01 Schopfheim West Germany (Germany)
1956 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956 “for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system” 1/3 361 Individual Werner Forssmann 1904-08-29 Berlin Germany Male NA Bad Kreuznach Federal Republic of Germany 1979-06-01 Schopfheim West Germany (Germany)
1956 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956 “for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system” 1/3 362 Individual Dickinson W. Richards 1895-10-30 Orange, NJ United States of America Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America 1973-02-23 Lakeville, CT United States of America
1956 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 “for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect” 1/3 65 Individual William Bradford Shockley 1910-02-13 London United Kingdom Male Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc. Mountain View, CA United States of America 1989-08-12 Palo Alto, CA United States of America
1956 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 “for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect” 1/3 66 Individual John Bardeen 1908-05-23 Madison, WI United States of America Male University of Illinois Urbana, IL United States of America 1991-01-30 Boston, MA United States of America
1956 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 “for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect” 1/3 67 Individual Walter Houser Brattain 1902-02-10 Amoy China Male Bell Telephone Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ United States of America 1987-10-13 Seattle, WA United States of America
1957 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957 “for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes” 1/1 221 Individual Lord (Alexander R.) Todd 1907-10-02 Glasgow Scotland Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1997-01-10 Cambridge United Kingdom
1957 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957 “for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times” 1/1 628 Individual Albert Camus 1913-11-07 Mondovi French Algeria (Algeria) Male NA NA NA 1960-01-04 Sens France
1957 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957 “for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles” 1/1 363 Individual Daniel Bovet 1907-03-23 Neuchâtel Switzerland Male Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health) Rome Italy 1992-04-08 Rome Italy
1957 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1957 NA 1/1 516 Individual Lester Bowles Pearson 1897-04-23 Toronto Canada Male NA NA NA 1972-12-27 Ottawa Canada
1957 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 “for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles” 1/2 68 Individual Chen Ning Yang 1922-09-22 Hofei, Anhwei China Male Institute for Advanced Study Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
1957 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 “for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles” 1/2 69 Individual Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee 1926-11-24 Shanghai China Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1958 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 “for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin” 1/1 222 Individual Frederick Sanger 1918-08-13 Rendcombe United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 2013-11-19 Cambridge United Kingdom
1958 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958 “for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition” 1/1 629 Individual Boris Leonidovich Pasternak 1890-02-10 Moscow Russia Male NA NA NA 1960-05-30 Peredelkino Russia
1958 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 “for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events” 1/4 364 Individual George Wells Beadle 1903-10-22 Wahoo, NE United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1989-06-09 Pomona, CA United States of America
1958 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 “for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events” 1/4 365 Individual Edward Lawrie Tatum 1909-12-14 Boulder, CO United States of America Male Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research New York, NY United States of America 1975-11-05 New York, NY United States of America
1958 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 “for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria” 1/2 366 Individual Joshua Lederberg 1925-05-23 Montclair, NJ United States of America Male University of Wisconsin Madison, WI United States of America 2008-02-02 New York, NY United States of America
1958 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1958 NA 1/1 517 Individual Georges Pire 1910-02-10 Dinant Belgium Male NA NA NA 1969-01-30 Leuven Belgium
1958 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 “for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect” 1/3 70 Individual Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov 1904-07-28 Novaya Chigla Russia Male P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1990-01-06 NA Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1958 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 “for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect” 1/3 71 Individual Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm 1895-07-08 Vladivostok Russia Male University of Moscow Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1971-04-12 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 “for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect” 1/3 71 Individual Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm 1895-07-08 Vladivostok Russia Male P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1971-04-12 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 “for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect” 1/3 721 Individual Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank 1908-10-23 Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) Russia Male University of Moscow Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1990-06-22 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 “for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect” 1/3 721 Individual Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank 1908-10-23 Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) Russia Male P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1990-06-22 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1959 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959 “for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis” 1/1 223 Individual Jaroslav Heyrovsky 1890-12-20 Prague Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic) Male Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science Prague Czechoslovakia 1967-03-27 Prague Czechoslovakia
1959 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959 “for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times” 1/1 630 Individual Salvatore Quasimodo 1901-08-20 Modica Italy Male NA NA NA 1968-06-14 Naples Italy
1959 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 “for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid” 1/2 367 Individual Severo Ochoa 1905-09-24 Luarca Spain Male New York University, College of Medicine New York, NY United States of America 1993-11-01 Madrid Spain
1959 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 “for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid” 1/2 368 Individual Arthur Kornberg 1918-03-03 Brooklyn, NY United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America 2007-10-26 Stanford, CA United States of America
1959 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1959 NA 1/1 518 Individual Philip J. Noel-Baker 1889-11-01 London United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1982-10-08 London United Kingdom
1959 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959 “for their discovery of the antiproton” 1/2 72 Individual Emilio Gino Segrè 1905-02-01 Tivoli Italy Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 1989-04-22 Lafayette, CA United States of America
1959 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959 “for their discovery of the antiproton” 1/2 73 Individual Owen Chamberlain 1920-07-10 San Francisco, CA United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 2006-02-28 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1960 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 “for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science” 1/1 224 Individual Willard Frank Libby 1908-12-17 Grand Valley, CO United States of America Male University of California Los Angeles, CA United States of America 1980-09-08 Los Angeles, CA United States of America
1960 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960 “for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time” 1/1 631 Individual Saint-John Perse 1887-05-31 Pointe-à-Pitre Guadeloupe Island Male NA NA NA 1975-09-20 Presqu’île-de-Giens France
1960 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 “for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance” 1/2 369 Individual Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet 1899-09-03 Traralgon Australia Male Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research Melbourne Australia 1985-08-31 Melbourne Australia
1960 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 “for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance” 1/2 370 Individual Peter Brian Medawar 1915-02-28 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Male University College London United Kingdom 1987-10-02 London United Kingdom
1960 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1960 NA 1/1 519 Individual Albert John Lutuli NA Bulawayo Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) Male NA NA NA 1967-07-21 Stanger South Africa
1960 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960 “for the invention of the bubble chamber” 1/1 74 Individual Donald Arthur Glaser 1926-09-21 Cleveland, OH United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 2013-02-28 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1961 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961 “for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants” 1/1 225 Individual Melvin Calvin 1911-04-08 St. Paul, MN United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 1997-01-08 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1961 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961 “for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country” 1/1 633 Individual Ivo Andric 1892-10-10 Dolac Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Male NA NA NA 1975-03-13 Belgrade Yugoslavia (Serbia)
1961 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961 “for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea” 1/1 371 Individual Georg von Békésy 1899-06-03 Budapest Hungary Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1972-06-13 Honolulu, HI United States of America
1961 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1961 NA 1/1 520 Individual Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld 1905-07-29 Jönköping Sweden Male NA NA NA 1961-09-18 Ndola Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
1961 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 “for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons” 1/2 75 Individual Robert Hofstadter 1915-02-05 New York, NY United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America 1990-11-17 Stanford, CA United States of America
1961 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 “for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name” 1/2 76 Individual Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer 1929-01-31 Munich Germany Male Technical University Munich Federal Republic of Germany 2011-09-14 NA NA
1961 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 “for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name” 1/2 76 Individual Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer 1929-01-31 Munich Germany Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 2011-09-14 NA NA
1962 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962 “for their studies of the structures of globular proteins” 1/2 226 Individual Max Ferdinand Perutz 1914-05-19 Vienna Austria Male MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom 2002-02-06 Cambridge United Kingdom
1962 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962 “for their studies of the structures of globular proteins” 1/2 227 Individual John Cowdery Kendrew 1917-03-24 Oxford United Kingdom Male MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom 1997-08-23 Cambridge United Kingdom
1962 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 “for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception” 1/1 634 Individual John Steinbeck 1902-02-27 Salinas, CA United States of America Male NA NA NA 1968-12-20 New York, NY United States of America
1962 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 “for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material” 1/3 372 Individual Francis Harry Compton Crick 1916-06-08 Northampton United Kingdom Male MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom 2004-07-28 San Diego, CA United States of America
1962 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 “for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material” 1/3 373 Individual James Dewey Watson 1928-04-06 Chicago, IL United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1962 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 “for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material” 1/3 374 Individual Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins 1916-12-15 Pongaroa New Zealand Male London University London United Kingdom 2004-10-05 London United Kingdom
1962 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1962 NA 1/1 217 Individual Linus Carl Pauling 1901-02-28 Portland, OR United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1994-08-19 Big Sur, CA United States of America
1962 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962 “for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium” 1/1 77 Individual Lev Davidovich Landau 1908-01-22 Baku Russian Empire (Azerbaijan) Male Academy of Sciences Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1968-04-01 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1963 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963 “for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers” 1/2 228 Individual Karl Ziegler 1898-11-26 Helsa Germany Male Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (Max-Planck-Institute for Carbon Research) Mülheim/Ruhr Federal Republic of Germany 1973-08-12 Mülheim West Germany (Germany)
1963 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963 “for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers” 1/2 229 Individual Giulio Natta 1903-02-26 Imperia Italy Male Institute of Technology Milan Italy 1979-05-02 Bergamo Italy
1963 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1963 “for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture” 1/1 635 Individual Giorgos Seferis 1900-03-13 Smyrna (Izmir) Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Male NA NA NA 1971-09-20 Athens Greece
1963 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 “for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane” 1/3 375 Individual Sir John Carew Eccles 1903-01-27 Melbourne Australia Male Australian National University Canberra Australia 1997-05-02 Contra Switzerland
1963 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 “for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane” 1/3 376 Individual Alan Lloyd Hodgkin 1914-02-05 Banbury United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1998-12-20 Cambridge United Kingdom
1963 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 “for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane” 1/3 377 Individual Andrew Fielding Huxley 1917-11-22 Hampstead United Kingdom Male University College London United Kingdom 2012-05-30 Grantchester United Kingdom
1963 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1963 NA 1/2 482 Organization Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1963 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1963 NA 1/2 523 Organization Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1963 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 “for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles” 1/2 78 Individual Eugene Paul Wigner 1902-11-17 Budapest Austria-Hungary (Hungary) Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America 1995-01-01 Princeton, NJ United States of America
1963 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 “for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure” 1/4 79 Individual Maria Goeppert Mayer 1906-06-28 Kattowitz (Katowice) Germany (Poland) Female University of California San Diego, CA United States of America 1972-02-20 San Diego, CA United States of America
1963 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 “for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure” 1/4 80 Individual J. Hans D. Jensen 1907-06-25 Hamburg Germany Male University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Federal Republic of Germany 1973-02-11 Heidelberg West Germany (Germany)
1964 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 “for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances” 1/1 230 Individual Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 1910-05-12 Cairo Egypt Female University of Oxford, Royal Society Oxford United Kingdom 1994-07-29 Shipston-on-Stour United Kingdom
1964 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964 “for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age” 1/1 637 Individual Jean-Paul Sartre 1905-06-21 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1980-04-15 Paris France
1964 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964 “for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism” 1/2 378 Individual Konrad Bloch 1912-01-21 Neisse (Nysa) Germany (Poland) Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 2000-10-15 Burlington, MA United States of America
1964 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964 “for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism” 1/2 379 Individual Feodor Lynen 1911-04-06 Munich Germany Male Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie Munich Federal Republic of Germany 1979-08-06 Munich Germany
1964 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 NA 1/1 524 Individual Martin Luther King Jr. 1929-01-15 Atlanta, GA United States of America Male NA NA NA 1968-04-04 Memphis, TN United States of America
1964 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 “for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle” 1/2 81 Individual Charles Hard Townes 1915-07-28 Greenville, SC United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America 2015-01-27 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1964 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 “for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle” 1/4 82 Individual Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov 1922-12-14 Usman Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia) Male P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 2001-07-01 Moscow Russia
1964 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 “for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle” 1/4 83 Individual Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov 1916-07-11 Atherton Australia Male P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 2002-01-08 Moscow Russia
1965 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965 “for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis” 1/1 231 Individual Robert Burns Woodward 1917-04-10 Boston, MA United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1979-07-08 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1965 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965 “for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people” 1/1 638 Individual Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov 1905-05-24 Veshenskaya Russia Male NA NA NA 1984-02-21 Veshenskaya Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1965 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 “for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis” 1/3 380 Individual François Jacob 1920-06-17 Nancy France Male Institut Pasteur Paris France 2013-04-19 Paris France
1965 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 “for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis” 1/3 381 Individual André Lwoff 1902-05-08 Ainay-le-Château France Male Institut Pasteur Paris France 1994-09-30 Paris France
1965 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 “for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis” 1/3 382 Individual Jacques Monod 1910-02-09 Paris France Male Institut Pasteur Paris France 1976-05-31 Cannes France
1965 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1965 NA 1/1 525 Organization United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1965 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 “for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles” 1/3 84 Individual Sin-Itiro Tomonaga 1906-03-31 Kyoto Japan Male Tokyo University of Education Tokyo Japan 1979-07-08 Tokyo Japan
1965 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 “for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles” 1/3 85 Individual Julian Schwinger 1918-02-12 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1994-07-16 Los Angeles, CA United States of America
1965 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 “for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles” 1/3 86 Individual Richard P. Feynman 1918-05-11 New York, NY United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1988-02-15 Los Angeles, CA United States of America
1966 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966 “for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method” 1/1 232 Individual Robert S. Mulliken 1896-06-07 Newburyport, MA United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 1986-10-31 Arlington, VA United States of America
1966 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966 “for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people” 1/2 639 Individual Shmuel Yosef Agnon 1888-07-17 Buczacz (Buchach) Austria-Hungary (Ukraine) Male NA NA NA 1970-02-17 Rehovot Israel
1966 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966 “for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel’s destiny with touching strength” 1/2 640 Individual Nelly Sachs 1891-12-10 Berlin Germany Female NA NA NA 1970-05-12 Stockholm Sweden
1966 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 “for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses” 1/2 383 Individual Peyton Rous 1879-10-05 Baltimore, MD United States of America Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America 1972-02-16 New York, NY United States of America
1966 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 “for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer” 1/2 384 Individual Charles Brenton Huggins 1901-09-22 Halifax Canada Male University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research Chicago, IL United States of America 1997-01-12 Chicago, IL United States of America
1966 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966 “for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms” 1/1 87 Individual Alfred Kastler 1902-05-03 Guebwiller Germany (France) Male École Normale Supérieure Paris France 1984-01-07 Bandol France
1967 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 “for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy” 1/2 233 Individual Manfred Eigen 1927-05-09 Bochum Germany Male Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie Göttingen Federal Republic of Germany NA NA NA
1967 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 “for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy” 1/4 234 Individual Ronald George Wreyford Norrish 1897-11-09 Cambridge United Kingdom Male Institute of Physical Chemistry Cambridge United Kingdom 1978-06-07 Cambridge United Kingdom
1967 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 “for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy” 1/4 235 Individual George Porter 1920-12-06 Stainforth United Kingdom Male Royal Institution of Great Britain London United Kingdom 2002-08-31 Canterbury United Kingdom
1967 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967 “for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America” 1/1 641 Individual Miguel Angel Asturias 1899-10-19 Guatemala City Guatemala Male NA NA NA 1974-06-09 Madrid Spain
1967 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967 “for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye” 1/3 385 Individual Ragnar Granit 1900-10-30 Helsinki Russian Empire (Finland) Male Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden 1991-03-12 Stockholm Sweden
1967 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967 “for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye” 1/3 386 Individual Haldan Keffer Hartline 1903-12-22 Bloomsburg, PA United States of America Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America 1983-03-17 Fallston, MD United States of America
1967 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967 “for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye” 1/3 387 Individual George Wald 1906-11-18 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1997-04-12 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1967 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967 “for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars” 1/1 88 Individual Hans Albrecht Bethe 1906-07-02 Strassburg (Strasbourg) Germany (France) Male Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States of America 2005-03-06 Ithaca, NY United States of America
1968 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 “for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes” 1/1 236 Individual Lars Onsager 1903-11-27 Kristiania (Oslo) Norway Male Yale University New Haven, CT United States of America 1976-10-05 Coral Gables, FL United States of America
1968 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1968 “for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind” 1/1 642 Individual Yasunari Kawabata 1899-06-11 Osaka Japan Male NA NA NA 1972-04-16 Zushi Japan
1968 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis” 1/3 388 Individual Robert W. Holley 1922-01-28 Urbana, IL United States of America Male Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States of America 1993-02-11 Los Gatos, CA United States of America
1968 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis” 1/3 389 Individual Har Gobind Khorana 1922-01-09 Raipur India Male University of Wisconsin Madison, WI United States of America 2011-11-09 Concord, MA United States of America
1968 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis” 1/3 390 Individual Marshall W. Nirenberg 1927-04-10 New York, NY United States of America Male National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD United States of America 2010-01-15 New York, NY United States of America
1968 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1968 NA 1/1 526 Individual René Cassin 1887-10-05 Bayonne France Male NA NA NA 1976-02-20 Paris France
1968 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 “for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis” 1/1 89 Individual Luis Walter Alvarez 1911-06-13 San Francisco, CA United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 1988-09-01 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1969 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 “for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry” 1/2 237 Individual Derek H. R. Barton 1918-09-08 Gravesend United Kingdom Male Imperial College London United Kingdom 1998-03-16 College Station, TX United States of America
1969 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 “for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry” 1/2 238 Individual Odd Hassel 1897-05-17 Kristiania (Oslo) Norway Male University of Oslo Oslo Norway 1981-05-11 Oslo Norway
1969 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1969 “for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes” 1/2 677 Individual Ragnar Frisch 1895-03-03 Oslo Norway Male University of Oslo Oslo Norway 1973-01-31 Oslo Norway
1969 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1969 “for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes” 1/2 678 Individual Jan Tinbergen 1903-04-12 the Hague Netherlands Male The Netherlands School of Economics Rotterdam Netherlands 1994-06-09 the Hague Netherlands
1969 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969 “for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation” 1/1 643 Individual Samuel Beckett 1906-04-13 Dublin Ireland Male NA NA NA 1989-12-22 Paris France
1969 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 “for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses” 1/3 391 Individual Max Delbrück 1906-09-04 Berlin Germany Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1981-03-09 Pasadena, CA United States of America
1969 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 “for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses” 1/3 392 Individual Alfred D. Hershey 1908-12-04 Owosso, MI United States of America Male Carnegie Institution of Washington Long Island, New York, NY United States of America 1997-05-22 Syosset, NY United States of America
1969 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 “for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses” 1/3 393 Individual Salvador E. Luria 1912-08-13 Torino Italy Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America 1991-02-06 Lexington, MA United States of America
1969 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1969 NA 1/1 527 Organization International Labour Organization (I.L.O.) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1969 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969 “for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions” 1/1 90 Individual Murray Gell-Mann 1929-09-15 New York, NY United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1970 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970 “for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates” 1/1 239 Individual Luis F. Leloir 1906-09-06 Paris France Male Institute for Biochemical Research Buenos Aires Argentina 1987-12-02 Buenos Aires Argentina
1970 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1970 “for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science” 1/1 679 Individual Paul A. Samuelson 1915-05-15 Gary, IN United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America 2009-12-13 Belmont, MA United States of America
1970 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970 “for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature” 1/1 644 Individual Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn 1918-12-11 Kislovodsk Russia Male NA NA NA 2008-08-03 Troitse-Lykovo Russia
1970 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 “for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation” 1/3 394 Individual Sir Bernard Katz 1911-03-26 Leipzig Germany Male University College London United Kingdom 2003-04-20 London United Kingdom
1970 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 “for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation” 1/3 395 Individual Ulf von Euler 1905-02-07 Stockholm Sweden Male Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden 1983-03-09 Stockholm Sweden
1970 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 “for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation” 1/3 396 Individual Julius Axelrod 1912-05-30 New York, NY United States of America Male National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD United States of America 2004-12-29 Rockville, MD United States of America
1970 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1970 NA 1/1 528 Individual Norman E. Borlaug 1914-03-25 Cresco, IA United States of America Male NA NA NA 2009-09-12 Dallas, TX United States of America
1970 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 “for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics” 1/2 91 Individual Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén 1908-05-30 Norrköping Sweden Male Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden 1995-04-02 Djursholm Sweden
1970 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 “for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics” 1/2 92 Individual Louis Eugène Félix Néel 1904-11-22 Lyon France Male University of Grenoble Grenoble France 2000-11-17 Brive-Corrèze France
1971 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 “for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals” 1/1 240 Individual Gerhard Herzberg 1904-12-25 Hamburg Germany Male National Research Council of Canada Ottawa Canada 1999-03-03 Ottawa Canada
1971 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1971 “for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development” 1/1 680 Individual Simon Kuznets 1901-04-30 Pinsk Russian Empire (Belarus) Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1985-07-08 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1971 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971 “for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent’s destiny and dreams” 1/1 645 Individual Pablo Neruda 1904-07-12 Parral Chile Male NA NA NA 1973-09-23 Santiago Chile
1971 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971 “for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones” 1/1 397 Individual Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. 1915-11-19 Burlingame, KS United States of America Male Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN United States of America 1974-03-09 Miami, FL United States of America
1971 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1971 NA 1/1 529 Individual Willy Brandt 1913-12-18 Lübeck Germany Male NA NA NA 1992-10-08 Unkel Germany
1971 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971 “for his invention and development of the holographic method” 1/1 93 Individual Dennis Gabor 1900-06-05 Budapest Hungary Male Imperial College London United Kingdom 1979-02-08 London United Kingdom
1972 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 “for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation” 1/2 241 Individual Christian B. Anfinsen 1916-03-26 Monessen, PA United States of America Male National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD United States of America 1995-05-14 Randallstown, MD United States of America
1972 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 “for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule” 1/4 242 Individual Stanford Moore 1913-09-04 Chicago, IL United States of America Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America 1982-08-23 New York, NY United States of America
1972 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 “for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule” 1/4 243 Individual William H. Stein 1911-06-25 New York, NY United States of America Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America 1980-02-02 New York, NY United States of America
1972 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1972 “for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory” 1/2 681 Individual John R. Hicks 1904-04-08 Warwick United Kingdom Male All Souls College Oxford United Kingdom 1989-05-20 Blockley United Kingdom
1972 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1972 “for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory” 1/2 682 Individual Kenneth J. Arrow 1921-08-23 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1972 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972 “for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature” 1/1 647 Individual Heinrich Böll 1917-12-21 Cologne Germany Male NA NA NA 1985-07-16 Bornheim-Merten West Germany (Germany)
1972 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972 “for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies” 1/2 398 Individual Gerald M. Edelman 1929-07-01 New York, NY United States of America Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America 2014-05-17 La Jolla, CA United States of America
1972 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972 “for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies” 1/2 399 Individual Rodney R. Porter 1917-10-08 Newton-le-Willows United Kingdom Male University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom 1985-09-06 Winchester United Kingdom
1972 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972 “for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory” 1/3 66 Individual John Bardeen 1908-05-23 Madison, WI United States of America Male University of Illinois Urbana, IL United States of America 1991-01-30 Boston, MA United States of America
1972 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972 “for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory” 1/3 95 Individual Leon Neil Cooper 1930-02-28 New York, NY United States of America Male Brown University Providence, RI United States of America NA NA NA
1972 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972 “for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory” 1/3 96 Individual John Robert Schrieffer 1931-05-31 Oak Park, IL United States of America Male University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA United States of America NA NA NA
1973 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 “for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds” 1/2 244 Individual Ernst Otto Fischer 1918-11-10 Munich Germany Male Technical University Munich Federal Republic of Germany 2007-07-23 Munich Germany
1973 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 “for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds” 1/2 245 Individual Geoffrey Wilkinson 1921-07-14 Todmorden United Kingdom Male Imperial College London United Kingdom 1996-09-26 London United Kingdom
1973 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1973 “for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems” 1/1 683 Individual Wassily Leontief 1906-08-05 St. Petersburg Russia Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1999-02-05 New York, NY United States of America
1973 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 “for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature” 1/1 648 Individual Patrick White 1912-05-28 London United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1990-09-30 Sydney Australia
1973 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973 “for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns” 1/3 400 Individual Karl von Frisch 1886-11-20 Vienna Austria Male Zoologisches Institut der Universität München Munich Federal Republic of Germany 1982-06-12 Munich West Germany (Germany)
1973 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973 “for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns” 1/3 401 Individual Konrad Lorenz 1903-11-07 Vienna Austria Male Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften, Forschungsstelle für Ethologie Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal Austria 1989-02-27 Vienna Austria
1973 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973 “for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns” 1/3 402 Individual Nikolaas Tinbergen 1907-04-15 the Hague Netherlands Male University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom 1988-12-21 Oxford United Kingdom
1973 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1973 NA 1/2 530 Individual Henry A. Kissinger 1923-05-27 Fürth Germany Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1973 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1973 NA 1/2 531 Organization Le Duc Tho 1911-10-14 Nam Ha province Vietnam Male NA NA NA 1990-10-13 Hanoi Vietnam
1973 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 “for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively” 1/4 97 Individual Leo Esaki 1925-03-12 Osaka Japan Male IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1973 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 “for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively” 1/4 98 Individual Ivar Giaever 1929-04-05 Bergen Norway Male General Electric Company Schenectady, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1973 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 “for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects” 1/2 99 Individual Brian David Josephson 1940-01-04 Cardiff United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
1974 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974 “for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules” 1/1 246 Individual Paul J. Flory 1910-06-19 Sterling, IL United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America 1985-09-08 Big Sur, CA United States of America
1974 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1974 “for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena” 1/2 684 Individual Gunnar Myrdal 1898-12-06 Skattungbyn Sweden Male NA NA NA 1987-05-17 Stockholm Sweden
1974 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1974 “for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena” 1/2 685 Individual Friedrich August von Hayek 1899-05-08 Vienna Austria Male NA NA NA 1992-03-23 Freiburg Germany
1974 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974 “for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom” 1/2 649 Individual Eyvind Johnson 1900-07-29 Svartbjörnsbyn Sweden Male NA NA NA 1976-08-25 Stockholm Sweden
1974 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974 “for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos” 1/2 650 Individual Harry Martinson 1904-05-06 Jämshög Sweden Male NA NA NA 1978-02-11 Stockholm Sweden
1974 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 “for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell” 1/3 403 Individual Albert Claude 1898-08-24 Longlier Belgium Male Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain Belgium 1983-05-22 Brussels Belgium
1974 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 “for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell” 1/3 404 Individual Christian de Duve 1917-10-02 Thames Ditton United Kingdom Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America 2013-05-04 Nethen Belgium
1974 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 “for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell” 1/3 404 Individual Christian de Duve 1917-10-02 Thames Ditton United Kingdom Male Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain Belgium 2013-05-04 Nethen Belgium
1974 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 “for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell” 1/3 405 Individual George E. Palade 1912-11-19 Iasi Romania Male Yale University, School of Medicine New Haven, CT United States of America 2008-10-07 Del Mar, CA United States of America
1974 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1974 NA 1/2 532 Individual Seán MacBride 1904-01-26 Paris France Male NA NA NA 1988-01-15 Dublin Ireland
1974 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1974 NA 1/2 533 Individual Eisaku Sato 1901-03-27 Tabuse Japan Male NA NA NA 1975-06-03 Tokyo Japan
1974 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974 “for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars” 1/2 100 Individual Sir Martin Ryle 1918-09-27 Brighton United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1984-10-14 Cambridge United Kingdom
1974 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974 “for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars” 1/2 101 Individual Antony Hewish 1924-05-11 Fowey United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
1975 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975 “for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions” 1/2 247 Individual John Warcup Cornforth 1917-09-07 Sydney Australia Male University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom 2013-12-08 NA NA
1975 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975 “for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions” 1/2 248 Individual Vladimir Prelog 1906-07-23 Sarajevo Austria-Hungary (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Male Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland 1998-01-07 Zurich Switzerland
1975 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1975 “for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources” 1/2 686 Individual Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich 1912-01-19 St. Petersburg Russian Empire (Russia) Male Academy of Sciences Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1986-04-07 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1975 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1975 “for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources” 1/2 687 Individual Tjalling C. Koopmans 1910-08-28 ’s Graveland Netherlands Male Yale University New Haven, CT United States of America 1985-02-26 New Haven, CT United States of America
1975 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975 “for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions” 1/1 651 Individual Eugenio Montale 1896-10-12 Genoa Italy Male NA NA NA 1981-09-12 Milan Italy
1975 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 “for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell” 1/3 406 Individual David Baltimore 1938-03-07 New York, NY United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1975 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 “for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell” 1/3 407 Individual Renato Dulbecco 1914-02-22 Catanzaro Italy Male Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory London United Kingdom 2012-02-19 La Jolla, CA United States of America
1975 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 “for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell” 1/3 408 Individual Howard Martin Temin 1934-12-10 Philadelphia, PA United States of America Male University of Wisconsin Madison, WI United States of America 1994-02-09 Madison, WI United States of America
1975 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1975 NA 1/1 534 Individual Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov 1921-05-21 Moscow Russia Male NA NA NA 1989-12-14 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1975 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975 “for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection” 1/3 102 Individual Aage Niels Bohr 1922-06-19 Copenhagen Denmark Male Niels Bohr Institute Copenhagen Denmark 2009-09-08 Copenhagen Denmark
1975 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975 “for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection” 1/3 103 Individual Ben Roy Mottelson 1926-07-09 Chicago, IL United States of America Male Nordita Copenhagen Denmark NA NA NA
1975 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975 “for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection” 1/3 104 Individual Leo James Rainwater 1917-12-09 Council, ID United States of America Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America 1986-03-31 Yonkers, NY United States of America
1976 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976 “for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding” 1/1 249 Individual William N. Lipscomb 1919-12-09 Cleveland, OH United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 2011-04-14 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1976 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1976 “for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy” 1/1 688 Individual Milton Friedman 1912-07-31 Brooklyn, NY United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 2006-11-16 San Francisco, CA United States of America
1976 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976 “for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work” 1/1 652 Individual Saul Bellow 1915-06-10 Montreal Canada Male NA NA NA 2005-04-05 Brookline, MA United States of America
1976 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976 “for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases” 1/2 409 Individual Baruch S. Blumberg 1925-07-28 New York, NY United States of America Male The Institute for Cancer Research Philadelphia, PA United States of America 2011-04-05 Moffett Field, CA United States of America
1976 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976 “for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases” 1/2 410 Individual D. Carleton Gajdusek 1923-09-09 Yonkers, NY United States of America Male National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD United States of America 2008-12-12 Tromsø Norway
1976 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1976 NA 1/2 535 Individual Betty Williams 1943-05-22 Belfast Northern Ireland Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
1976 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1976 NA 1/2 536 Individual Mairead Corrigan 1944-01-27 Belfast Northern Ireland Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
1976 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976 “for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind” 1/2 105 Individual Burton Richter 1931-03-22 Brooklyn, NY United States of America Male Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1976 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976 “for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind” 1/2 106 Individual Samuel Chao Chung Ting 1936-01-27 Ann Arbor, MI United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1977 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 “for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures” 1/1 250 Individual Ilya Prigogine 1917-01-25 Moscow Russia Male Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium 2003-05-28 Brussels Belgium
1977 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 “for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures” 1/1 250 Individual Ilya Prigogine 1917-01-25 Moscow Russia Male University of Texas Austin, TX United States of America 2003-05-28 Brussels Belgium
1977 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1977 “for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements” 1/2 689 Individual Bertil Ohlin 1899-04-23 Klippan Sweden Male Stockholm School of Economics Stockholm Sweden 1979-08-03 Vålådalen Sweden
1977 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1977 “for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements” 1/2 690 Individual James E. Meade 1907-06-23 Swanage United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1995-12-22 Cambridge United Kingdom
1977 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1977 “for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man’s condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars” 1/1 653 Individual Vicente Aleixandre 1898-04-26 Sevilla Spain Male NA NA NA 1984-12-14 Madrid Spain
1977 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 “for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain” 1/4 411 Individual Roger Guillemin 1924-01-11 Dijon France Male The Salk Institute San Diego, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1977 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 “for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain” 1/4 412 Individual Andrew V. Schally 1926-11-30 Wilno (Vilnius) Poland (Lithuania) Male Veterans Administration Hospital New Orleans, LA United States of America NA NA NA
1977 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 “for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones” 1/2 413 Individual Rosalyn Yalow 1921-07-19 New York, NY United States of America Female Veterans Administration Hospital Bronx, NY United States of America 2011-05-30 New York, NY United States of America
1977 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1977 NA 1/1 537 Organization Amnesty International NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1977 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 “for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems” 1/3 107 Individual Philip Warren Anderson 1923-12-13 Indianapolis, IN United States of America Male Bell Telephone Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
1977 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 “for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems” 1/3 108 Individual Sir Nevill Francis Mott 1905-09-30 Leeds United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1996-08-08 Milton Keynes United Kingdom
1977 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 “for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems” 1/3 109 Individual John Hasbrouck van Vleck 1899-03-13 Middletown, CT United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 1980-10-27 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1978 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978 “for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory” 1/1 251 Individual Peter D. Mitchell 1920-09-29 Mitcham United Kingdom Male Glynn Research Laboratories Bodmin United Kingdom 1992-04-10 Bodmin United Kingdom
1978 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1978 “for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations” 1/1 691 Individual Herbert A. Simon 1916-06-15 Milwaukee, WI United States of America Male Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA United States of America 2001-02-09 Pittsburgh, PA United States of America
1978 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978 “for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life” 1/1 654 Individual Isaac Bashevis Singer 1904-07-14 Leoncin Russian Empire (Poland) Male NA NA NA 1991-07-24 Surfside, FL United States of America
1978 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 “for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics” 1/3 414 Individual Werner Arber 1929-06-03 Gränichen Switzerland Male Biozentrum der Universität Basel Switzerland NA NA NA
1978 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 “for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics” 1/3 415 Individual Daniel Nathans 1928-10-30 Wilmington, DE United States of America Male Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD United States of America 1999-11-16 Baltimore, MD United States of America
1978 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 “for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics” 1/3 416 Individual Hamilton O. Smith 1931-08-23 New York, NY United States of America Male Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD United States of America NA NA NA
1978 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1978 NA 1/2 538 Individual Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat 1918-12-25 Mit Abu al-Kawm Egypt Male NA NA NA 1981-10-06 Cairo Egypt
1978 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1978 NA 1/2 539 Individual Menachem Begin 1913-08-16 Brest Litovsk Russian Empire (Belarus) Male NA NA NA 1992-03-09 Tel Aviv Israel
1978 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 “for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics” 1/2 110 Individual Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa 1894-07-09 Kronshtadt Russian Empire (Russia) Male Academy of Sciences Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1984-04-08 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1978 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 “for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation” 1/4 111 Individual Arno Allan Penzias 1933-04-26 Munich Germany Male Bell Laboratories Holmdel, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
1978 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 “for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation” 1/4 112 Individual Robert Woodrow Wilson 1936-01-10 Houston, TX United States of America Male Bell Laboratories Holmdel, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
1979 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 “for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis” 1/2 252 Individual Herbert C. Brown 1912-05-22 London United Kingdom Male Purdue University West Lafayette, IN United States of America 2004-12-19 Lafayette, IN United States of America
1979 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 “for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis” 1/2 253 Individual Georg Wittig 1897-06-16 Berlin Germany Male University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Federal Republic of Germany 1987-08-26 Heidelberg West Germany (Germany)
1979 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1979 “for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries” 1/2 692 Individual Theodore W. Schultz 1902-04-30 Arlington, SD United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 1998-02-26 Evanston, IL United States of America
1979 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1979 “for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries” 1/2 693 Individual Sir Arthur Lewis 1915-01-23 Castries British West Indies (Saint Lucia) Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America 1991-06-15 Bridgetown Barbados
1979 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979 “for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man’s struggle for freedom and creativeness” 1/1 655 Individual Odysseus Elytis 1911-11-02 Iráklion Crete (Greece) Male NA NA NA 1996-03-18 Athens Greece
1979 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979 “for the development of computer assisted tomography” 1/2 417 Individual Allan M. Cormack 1924-02-23 Johannesburg South Africa Male Tufts University Medford, MA United States of America 1998-05-07 Winchester, MA United States of America
1979 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979 “for the development of computer assisted tomography” 1/2 418 Individual Godfrey N. Hounsfield 1919-08-28 Newark United Kingdom Male Central Research Laboratories, EMI London United Kingdom 2004-08-12 Kingston upon Thames United Kingdom
1979 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 NA 1/1 540 Organization Mother Teresa 1910-08-26 Uskup (Skopje) Ottoman Empire (Republic of Macedonia) Female NA NA NA 1997-09-05 Calcutta India
1979 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 “for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current” 1/3 113 Individual Sheldon Lee Glashow 1932-12-05 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard University, Lyman Laboratory Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1979 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 “for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current” 1/3 114 Individual Abdus Salam 1926-01-29 Jhang Maghi&#257;na India (Pakistan) Male International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy 1996-11-21 Oxford United Kingdom
1979 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 “for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current” 1/3 114 Individual Abdus Salam 1926-01-29 Jhang Maghi&#257;na India (Pakistan) Male Imperial College London United Kingdom 1996-11-21 Oxford United Kingdom
1979 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 “for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current” 1/3 115 Individual Steven Weinberg 1933-05-03 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1980 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 “for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids” 1/4 222 Individual Frederick Sanger 1918-08-13 Rendcombe United Kingdom Male MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom 2013-11-19 Cambridge United Kingdom
1980 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 “for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA” 1/2 254 Individual Paul Berg 1926-06-30 New York, NY United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1980 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 “for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids” 1/4 255 Individual Walter Gilbert 1932-03-21 Boston, MA United States of America Male Harvard University, Biological Laboratories Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1980 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1980 “for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies” 1/1 694 Individual Lawrence R. Klein 1920-09-14 Omaha, NE United States of America Male University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA United States of America 2013-10-20 Gladwyne, PA United States of America
1980 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980 “who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man’s exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts” 1/1 657 Individual Czeslaw Milosz 1911-06-30 &#346;eteniai Russian Empire (Lithuania) Male NA NA NA 2004-08-14 Kraków Poland
1980 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980 “for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions” 1/3 419 Individual Baruj Benacerraf 1920-10-29 Caracas Venezuela Male Harvard Medical School Boston, MA United States of America 2011-08-02 Boston, MA United States of America
1980 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980 “for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions” 1/3 420 Individual Jean Dausset 1916-10-19 Toulouse France Male Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie Paris France 2009-06-06 Palma, Majorca Spain
1980 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980 “for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions” 1/3 421 Individual George D. Snell 1903-12-19 Bradford, MA United States of America Male Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor, ME United States of America 1996-06-06 Bar Harbor, ME United States of America
1980 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1980 NA 1/1 541 Individual Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 1931-11-26 Buenos Aires Argentina Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1980 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980 “for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons” 1/2 116 Individual James Watson Cronin 1931-09-29 Chicago, IL United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 2016-08-25 St. Paul, MN United States of America
1980 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980 “for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons” 1/2 117 Individual Val Logsdon Fitch 1923-03-10 Merriman, NE United States of America Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America 2015-02-05 Princeton, NJ United States of America
1981 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 “for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions” 1/2 257 Individual Kenichi Fukui 1918-10-04 Nara Japan Male Kyoto University Kyoto Japan 1998-01-09 Kyoto Japan
1981 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 “for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions” 1/2 258 Individual Roald Hoffmann 1937-07-18 Zloczov Poland (Ukraine) Male Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1981 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1981 “for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices” 1/1 695 Individual James Tobin 1918-03-05 Champaign, IL United States of America Male Yale University New Haven, CT United States of America 2002-03-11 New Haven, CT United States of America
1981 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981 “for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power” 1/1 658 Individual Elias Canetti 1905-07-25 Ruse Bulgaria Male NA NA NA 1994-08-14 Zurich Switzerland
1981 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981 “for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres” 1/2 422 Individual Roger W. Sperry 1913-08-20 Hartford, CT United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1994-04-17 Pasadena, CA United States of America
1981 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981 “for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system” 1/4 423 Individual David H. Hubel 1926-02-27 Windsor, ON Canada Male Harvard Medical School Boston, MA United States of America 2013-09-22 Lincoln, MA United States of America
1981 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981 “for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system” 1/4 424 Individual Torsten N. Wiesel 1924-06-03 Uppsala Sweden Male Harvard Medical School Boston, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1981 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1981 NA 1/1 515 Organization Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1981 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981 “for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy” 1/4 118 Individual Nicolaas Bloembergen 1920-03-11 Dordrecht Netherlands Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1981 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981 “for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy” 1/4 119 Individual Arthur Leonard Schawlow 1921-05-05 Mount Verno, NY United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America 1999-04-28 Palo Alto, CA United States of America
1981 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981 “for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy” 1/2 120 Individual Kai M. Siegbahn 1918-04-20 Lund Sweden Male Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden 2007-07-20 Ängelholm Sweden
1982 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 “for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes” 1/1 259 Individual Aaron Klug 1926-08-11 Zelvas Lithuania Male MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
1982 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1982 “for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation” 1/1 696 Individual George J. Stigler 1911-01-17 Renton, WA United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 1991-12-01 Chicago, IL United States of America
1982 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982 “for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent’s life and conflicts” 1/1 659 Individual Gabriel García Márquez 1927-03-06 Aracataca Colombia Male NA NA NA 2014-04-17 Mexico City Mexico
1982 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982 “for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances” 1/3 425 Individual Sune K. Bergström 1916-01-10 Stockholm Sweden Male Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden 2004-08-15 Stockholm Sweden
1982 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982 “for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances” 1/3 426 Individual Bengt I. Samuelsson 1934-05-21 Halmstad Sweden Male Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden NA NA NA
1982 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982 “for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances” 1/3 427 Individual John R. Vane 1927-03-29 Tardebigg United Kingdom Male The Wellcome Research Laboratories Beckenham United Kingdom 2004-11-19 Farnborough United Kingdom
1982 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1982 NA 1/2 543 Individual Alva Myrdal 1902-01-31 Uppsala Sweden Female NA NA NA 1986-02-01 Stockholm Sweden
1982 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1982 NA 1/2 544 Individual Alfonso García Robles 1911-03-20 Zamora Mexico Male NA NA NA 1991-09-02 Mexico City Mexico
1982 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982 “for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions” 1/1 121 Individual Kenneth G. Wilson 1936-06-08 Waltham, MA United States of America Male Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States of America 2013-06-15 Saco, ME United States of America
1983 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983 “for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes” 1/1 260 Individual Henry Taube 1915-11-30 Neudorf Canada Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America 2005-11-16 Stanford, CA United States of America
1983 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1983 “for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium” 1/1 697 Individual Gerard Debreu 1921-07-04 Calais France Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 2004-12-31 Paris France
1983 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983 “for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today” 1/1 660 Individual William Golding 1911-09-19 St. Columb Minor United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 1993-06-19 Perranarworthal United Kingdom
1983 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983 “for her discovery of mobile genetic elements” 1/1 428 Individual Barbara McClintock 1902-06-16 Hartford, CT United States of America Female Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor, NY United States of America 1992-09-02 Huntington, NY United States of America
1983 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1983 NA 1/1 545 Individual Lech Walesa 1943-09-29 Popowo Poland Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1983 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 “for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars” 1/2 122 Individual Subramanyan Chandrasekhar 1910-10-19 Lahore India (Pakistan) Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 1995-08-21 Chicago, IL United States of America
1983 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 “for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe” 1/2 123 Individual William Alfred Fowler 1911-08-09 Pittsburgh, PA United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 1995-03-14 Pasadena, CA United States of America
1984 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984 “for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix” 1/1 261 Individual Robert Bruce Merrifield 1921-07-15 Fort Worth, TX United States of America Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America 2006-05-14 Cresskill, NJ United States of America
1984 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1984 “for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis” 1/1 698 Individual Richard Stone 1913-08-30 London United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 1991-12-06 Cambridge United Kingdom
1984 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984 “for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man” 1/1 661 Individual Jaroslav Seifert 1901-09-23 Prague Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic) Male NA NA NA 1986-01-10 Prague Czechoslovakia
1984 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 “for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies” 1/3 429 Individual Niels K. Jerne 1911-12-23 London United Kingdom Male Basel Institute for Immunology Basel Switzerland 1994-10-07 Castillon-du-Gard France
1984 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 “for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies” 1/3 430 Individual Georges J.F. Köhler 1946-04-17 Munich Germany Male Basel Institute for Immunology Basel Switzerland 1995-03-01 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
1984 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 “for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies” 1/3 431 Individual César Milstein 1927-10-08 Bahia Blanca Argentina Male MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom 2002-03-24 Cambridge United Kingdom
1984 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1984 NA 1/1 546 Individual Desmond Mpilo Tutu 1931-10-07 Klerksdorp South Africa Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1984 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984 “for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction” 1/2 124 Individual Carlo Rubbia 1934-03-31 Gorizia Italy Male CERN Geneva Switzerland NA Geneva Switzerland
1984 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984 “for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction” 1/2 125 Individual Simon van der Meer 1925-11-24 the Hague Netherlands Male CERN Geneva Switzerland 2011-03-04 Geneva Switzerland
1985 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 “for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures” 1/2 262 Individual Herbert A. Hauptman 1917-02-14 New York, NY United States of America Male The Medical Foundation of Buffalo Buffalo, NY United States of America 2011-10-23 Buffalo, NY United States of America
1985 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 “for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures” 1/2 263 Individual Jerome Karle 1918-06-18 New York, NY United States of America Male US Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC United States of America 2013-06-06 NA NA
1985 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1985 “for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets” 1/1 699 Individual Franco Modigliani 1918-06-18 Rome Italy Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America 2003-09-25 Cambridge, MA United States of America
1985 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985 “who in his novel combines the poet’s and the painter’s creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition” 1/1 662 Individual Claude Simon 1913-10-10 Tananarive (Antananarivo) Madagascar Male NA NA NA 2005-07-06 Paris France
1985 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 “for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism” 1/2 432 Individual Michael S. Brown 1941-04-13 New York, NY United States of America Male University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX United States of America NA NA NA
1985 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 “for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism” 1/2 433 Individual Joseph L. Goldstein 1940-04-18 Sumter, SC United States of America Male University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX United States of America NA NA NA
1985 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1985 NA 1/1 547 Organization International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1985 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985 “for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect” 1/1 126 Individual Klaus von Klitzing 1943-06-28 Schroda German-occupied Poland (Poland) Male Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung Stuttgart Federal Republic of Germany NA NA NA
1986 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 “for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes” 1/3 264 Individual Dudley R. Herschbach 1932-06-18 San José, CA United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1986 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 “for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes” 1/3 265 Individual Yuan T. Lee 1936-11-19 Hsinchu Taiwan Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1986 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 “for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes” 1/3 266 Individual John C. Polanyi 1929-01-23 Berlin Germany Male University of Toronto Toronto Canada NA NA NA
1986 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1986 “for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making” 1/1 700 Individual James M. Buchanan Jr. 1919-10-03 Murfreesboro, TN United States of America Male Center for Study of Public Choice Fairfax, VA United States of America 2013-01-09 Blacksburg, VA United States of America
1986 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986 “who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence” 1/1 663 Individual Wole Soyinka 1934-07-13 Abeokuta Nigeria Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1986 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986 “for their discoveries of growth factors” 1/2 434 Individual Stanley Cohen 1922-11-17 Brooklyn, NY United States of America Male Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN United States of America NA NA NA
1986 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986 “for their discoveries of growth factors” 1/2 435 Individual Rita Levi-Montalcini 1909-04-22 Turin Italy Female Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R. Rome Italy 2012-12-30 Rome Italy
1986 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1986 NA 1/1 548 Individual Elie Wiesel 1928-09-30 Sighet Romania Male NA NA NA 2016-07-02 New York, NY United States of America
1986 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 “for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope” 1/2 127 Individual Ernst Ruska 1906-12-25 Heidelberg Germany Male Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Berlin Federal Republic of Germany 1988-05-27 West Berlin Germany
1986 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 “for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope” 1/4 128 Individual Gerd Binnig 1947-07-20 Frankfurt-on-the-Main West Germany (Germany) Male IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Rüschlikon Switzerland NA NA NA
1986 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 “for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope” 1/4 129 Individual Heinrich Rohrer 1933-06-06 Buchs Switzerland Male IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Rüschlikon Switzerland 2013-05-16 Wollerau Switzerland
1987 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 “for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity” 1/3 267 Individual Donald J. Cram 1919-04-22 Chester, VT United States of America Male University of California Los Angeles, CA United States of America 2001-06-17 Palm Desert, CA United States of America
1987 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 “for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity” 1/3 268 Individual Jean-Marie Lehn 1939-09-30 Rosheim France Male Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg France NA NA NA
1987 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 “for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity” 1/3 268 Individual Jean-Marie Lehn 1939-09-30 Rosheim France Male Collège de France Paris France NA NA NA
1987 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 “for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity” 1/3 269 Individual Charles J. Pedersen 1904-10-03 Pusan Korea (South Korea) Male Du Pont Wilmington, DE United States of America 1989-10-26 Salem, NJ United States of America
1987 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1987 “for his contributions to the theory of economic growth” 1/1 701 Individual Robert M. Solow 1924-08-23 Brooklyn, NY United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1987 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987 “for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity” 1/1 664 Individual Joseph Brodsky 1940-05-24 Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia) Male NA NA NA 1996-01-28 New York, NY United States of America
1987 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987 “for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity” 1/1 436 Individual Susumu Tonegawa 1939-09-06 Nagoya Japan Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1987 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1987 “for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year” 1/1 549 Individual Oscar Arias Sánchez 1941-09-13 Heredia Costa Rica Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1987 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987 “for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials” 1/2 130 Individual J. Georg Bednorz 1950-05-16 Neuenkirchen West Germany (Germany) Male IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Rüschlikon Switzerland NA NA NA
1987 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987 “for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials” 1/2 131 Individual K. Alexander Müller 1927-04-20 Basel Switzerland Male IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Rüschlikon Switzerland NA NA NA
1988 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 “for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre” 1/3 270 Individual Johann Deisenhofer 1943-09-30 Zusamaltheim Germany Male University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX United States of America NA NA NA
1988 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 “for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre” 1/3 270 Individual Johann Deisenhofer 1943-09-30 Zusamaltheim Germany Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
1988 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 “for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre” 1/3 271 Individual Robert Huber 1937-02-20 Munich Germany Male Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie Martinsried Federal Republic of Germany NA NA NA
1988 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 “for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre” 1/3 272 Individual Hartmut Michel 1948-07-18 Ludwigsburg West Germany (Germany) Male Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik Frankfurt-on-the-Main Federal Republic of Germany NA NA NA
1988 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1988 “for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources” 1/1 702 Individual Maurice Allais 1911-05-31 Paris France Male École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris Paris France 2010-10-09 Paris France
1988 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988 “who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind” 1/1 665 Individual Naguib Mahfouz 1911-12-11 Cairo Egypt Male NA NA NA 2006-08-30 Cairo Egypt
1988 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 “for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment” 1/3 437 Individual Sir James W. Black 1924-06-14 Uddingston Scotland Male London University, King’s College Hospital Medical School London United Kingdom 2010-03-21 NA NA
1988 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 “for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment” 1/3 438 Individual Gertrude B. Elion 1918-01-23 New York, NY United States of America Female Wellcome Research Laboratories Research Triangle Park, NC United States of America 1999-02-21 Chapel Hill, NC United States of America
1988 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 “for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment” 1/3 439 Individual George H. Hitchings 1905-04-18 Hoquiam, WA United States of America Male Wellcome Research Laboratories Research Triangle Park, NC United States of America 1998-02-27 Chapel Hill, NC United States of America
1988 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1988 NA 1/1 550 Organization United Nations Peacekeeping Forces NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1988 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 “for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino” 1/3 132 Individual Leon M. Lederman 1922-07-15 New York, NY United States of America Male Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia, IL United States of America NA NA NA
1988 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 “for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino” 1/3 133 Individual Melvin Schwartz 1932-11-02 New York, NY United States of America Male Digital Pathways, Inc. Mountain View, CA United States of America 2006-08-28 Twin Falls, ID United States of America
1988 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 “for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino” 1/3 134 Individual Jack Steinberger 1921-05-25 Bad Kissingen Germany Male CERN Geneva Switzerland NA NA NA
1989 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 “for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA” 1/2 273 Individual Sidney Altman 1939-05-07 Montreal Canada Male Yale University New Haven, CT United States of America NA NA NA
1989 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 “for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA” 1/2 274 Individual Thomas R. Cech 1947-12-08 Chicago, IL United States of America Male University of Colorado Boulder, CO United States of America NA NA NA
1989 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1989 “for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures” 1/1 703 Individual Trygve Haavelmo 1911-12-13 Skedsmo Norway Male University of Oslo Oslo Norway 1999-07-26 Oslo Norway
1989 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989 “for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man’s vulnerability” 1/1 666 Individual Camilo José Cela 1916-05-11 Iria Flavia Spain Male NA NA NA 2002-01-17 Madrid Spain
1989 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989 “for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes” 1/2 440 Individual J. Michael Bishop 1936-02-22 York, PA United States of America Male University of California School of Medicine San Francisco, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1989 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989 “for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes” 1/2 441 Individual Harold E. Varmus 1939-12-18 Oceanside, NY United States of America Male University of California School of Medicine San Francisco, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1989 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1989 NA 1/1 551 Organization The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) 1935-07-06 Taktser Tibet (People’s Republic of China) Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1989 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989 “for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks” 1/2 135 Individual Norman F. Ramsey 1915-08-27 Washington, DC United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America 2011-11-04 Wayland, MA United States of America
1989 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989 “for the development of the ion trap technique” 1/4 136 Individual Hans G. Dehmelt 1922-09-09 Görlitz Prussia (Germany) Male University of Washington Seattle, WA United States of America NA NA NA
1989 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989 “for the development of the ion trap technique” 1/4 137 Individual Wolfgang Paul 1913-08-10 Lorenzkirch Germany Male University of Bonn Bonn Federal Republic of Germany 1993-12-07 Bonn Germany
1990 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990 “for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis” 1/1 275 Individual Elias James Corey 1928-07-12 Methuen, MA United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1990 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990 “for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics” 1/3 704 Individual Harry M. Markowitz 1927-08-24 Chicago, IL United States of America Male City University of New York New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1990 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990 “for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics” 1/3 705 Individual Merton H. Miller 1923-05-16 Boston, MA United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 2000-06-03 Chicago, IL United States of America
1990 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990 “for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics” 1/3 706 Individual William F. Sharpe 1934-06-16 Boston, MA United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1990 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990 “for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity” 1/1 667 Individual Octavio Paz 1914-03-31 Mexico City Mexico Male NA NA NA 1998-04-19 Mexico City Mexico
1990 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990 “for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease” 1/2 442 Individual Joseph E. Murray 1919-04-01 Milford, MA United States of America Male Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA United States of America 2012-11-26 Boston, MA United States of America
1990 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990 “for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease” 1/2 443 Individual E. Donnall Thomas 1920-03-15 Mart, TX United States of America Male Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA United States of America 2012-10-20 Seattle, WA United States of America
1990 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1990 “for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community” 1/1 552 Individual Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev 1931-03-02 Privolnoye Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia) Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1990 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990 “for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics” 1/3 138 Individual Jerome I. Friedman 1930-03-28 Chicago, IL United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1990 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990 “for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics” 1/3 139 Individual Henry W. Kendall 1926-12-09 Boston, MA United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America 1999-02-15 Wakulla Springs State Park, FL United States of America
1990 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990 “for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics” 1/3 140 Individual Richard E. Taylor 1929-11-02 Medicine Hat, Alberta Canada Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1991 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 “for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy” 1/1 276 Individual Richard R. Ernst 1933-08-14 Winterthur Switzerland Male Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland NA NA NA
1991 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1991 “for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy” 1/1 707 Individual Ronald H. Coase 1910-12-29 Willesden United Kingdom Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 2013-09-02 Chicago, IL United States of America
1991 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991 “who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity” 1/1 668 Individual Nadine Gordimer 1923-11-20 Springs South Africa Female NA NA NA 2014-07-13 Johannesburg South Africa
1991 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991 “for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells” 1/2 444 Individual Erwin Neher 1944-03-20 Landsberg Germany Male Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Federal Republic of Germany NA NA NA
1991 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991 “for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells” 1/2 445 Individual Bert Sakmann 1942-06-12 Stuttgart Germany Male Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung Heidelberg Federal Republic of Germany NA NA NA
1991 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1991 “for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights” 1/1 553 Organization Aung San Suu Kyi 1945-06-19 Rangoon (Yangon) Burma (Myanmar) Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
1991 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991 “for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers” 1/1 141 Individual Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1932-10-24 Paris France Male Collège de France Paris France 2007-05-18 Orsay France
1992 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992 “for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems” 1/1 277 Individual Rudolph A. Marcus 1923-07-21 Montreal Canada Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1992 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1992 “for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour” 1/1 708 Individual Gary S. Becker 1930-12-02 Pottsville, PA United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 2014-05-03 Chicago, IL United States of America
1992 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1992 “for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment” 1/1 669 Individual Derek Walcott 1930-01-23 Castries Saint Lucia Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1992 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 “for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism” 1/2 446 Individual Edmond H. Fischer 1920-04-06 Shanghai China Male University of Washington Seattle, WA United States of America NA NA NA
1992 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 “for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism” 1/2 447 Individual Edwin G. Krebs 1918-06-06 Lansing, IA United States of America Male University of Washington Seattle, WA United States of America 2009-12-21 Seattle, WA United States of America
1992 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1992 “in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples” 1/1 554 Individual Rigoberta Menchú Tum 1959-01-09 Aldea Chimel Guatemala Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
1992 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992 “for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber” 1/1 142 Individual Georges Charpak 1924-08-01 Dabrovica Poland Male École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Paris France 2010-09-29 Paris France
1992 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992 “for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber” 1/1 142 Individual Georges Charpak 1924-08-01 Dabrovica Poland Male CERN Geneva Switzerland 2010-09-29 Paris France
1993 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 “for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry; for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method” 1/2 278 Individual Kary B. Mullis 1944-12-28 Lenoir, NC United States of America Male NA La Jolla, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1993 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 “for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry; for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies” 1/2 279 Individual Michael Smith 1932-04-26 Blackpool United Kingdom Male University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada 2000-10-04 Vancouver Canada
1993 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1993 “for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change” 1/2 709 Individual Robert W. Fogel 1927-07-01 New York, NY United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 2013-06-11 Oak Lawn, IL United States of America
1993 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1993 “for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change” 1/2 710 Individual Douglass C. North 1920-11-05 Cambridge, MA United States of America Male Washington University St. Louis, MO United States of America 2015-11-23 Benzonia, MI United States of America
1993 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1993 “who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality” 1/1 670 Individual Toni Morrison 1931-02-18 Lorain, OH United States of America Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
1993 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993 “for their discoveries of split genes” 1/2 448 Individual Richard J. Roberts 1943-09-06 Derby United Kingdom Male New England Biolabs Beverly, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1993 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993 “for their discoveries of split genes” 1/2 449 Individual Phillip A. Sharp 1944-06-06 Falmouth, KY United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer Research Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1993 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1993 “for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa” 1/2 555 Individual Nelson Mandela 1918-07-18 Qunu South Africa Male NA NA NA 2013-12-05 Johannesburg South Africa
1993 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1993 “for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa” 1/2 556 Individual Frederik Willem de Klerk 1936-03-18 Johannesburg South Africa Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1993 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993 “for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation” 1/2 143 Individual Russell A. Hulse 1950-11-28 New York, NY United States of America Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
1993 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993 “for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation” 1/2 144 Individual Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1941-03-29 Philadelphia, PA United States of America Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
1994 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994 “for his contribution to carbocation chemistry” 1/1 280 Individual George A. Olah 1927-05-22 Budapest Hungary Male University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1994 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994 “for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games” 1/3 711 Individual John C. Harsanyi 1920-05-29 Budapest Hungary Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America 2000-08-09 Berkeley, CA United States of America
1994 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994 “for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games” 1/3 712 Individual John F. Nash Jr. 1928-06-13 Bluefield, WV United States of America Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America 2015-05-23 New Jersey, NJ United States of America
1994 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994 “for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games” 1/3 713 Individual Reinhard Selten 1930-10-05 Breslau (Wroclaw) Germany (Poland) Male Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Federal Republic of Germany 2016-08-23 Poznan Poland
1994 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1994 “who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today” 1/1 671 Individual Kenzaburo Oe 1935-01-31 Uchiko Japan Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1994 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994 “for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells” 1/2 450 Individual Alfred G. Gilman 1941-07-01 New Haven, CT United States of America Male University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX United States of America 2015-12-23 Dallas, TX United States of America
1994 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994 “for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells” 1/2 451 Individual Martin Rodbell 1925-12-01 Baltimore, MD United States of America Male National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, NC United States of America 1998-12-07 Chapel Hill, NC United States of America
1994 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1994 “for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East” 1/3 557 Individual Yasser Arafat 1929-08-24 Cairo Egypt Male NA NA NA 2004-11-11 NA NA
1994 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1994 “for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East” 1/3 558 Individual Shimon Peres 1923-08-16 Vishneva Poland (Belarus) Male NA NA NA 2016-09-28 Tel Aviv Israel
1994 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1994 “for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East” 1/3 559 Individual Yitzhak Rabin 1922-03-01 Jerusalem British Mandate of Palestine (Israel) Male NA NA NA 1995-11-04 Tel Aviv Israel
1994 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994 “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the development of neutron spectroscopy” 1/2 145 Individual Bertram N. Brockhouse 1918-07-15 Lethbridge, Alberta Canada Male McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada 2003-10-13 Hamilton, Ontario Canada
1994 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994 “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the development of the neutron diffraction technique” 1/2 146 Individual Clifford G. Shull 1915-09-23 Pittsburgh, PA United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America 2001-03-31 Medford, MA United States of America
1995 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 “for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone” 1/3 281 Individual Paul J. Crutzen 1933-12-03 Amsterdam Netherlands Male Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie Mainz Federal Republic of Germany NA NA NA
1995 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 “for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone” 1/3 282 Individual Mario J. Molina 1943-03-19 Mexico City Mexico Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1995 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 “for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone” 1/3 283 Individual F. Sherwood Rowland 1927-06-28 Delaware, OH United States of America Male University of California Irvine, CA United States of America 2012-03-10 Corona del Mar, CA United States of America
1995 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1995 “for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy” 1/1 714 Individual Robert E. Lucas Jr. 1937-09-15 Yakima, WA United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America NA NA NA
1995 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1995 “for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past” 1/1 672 Individual Seamus Heaney 1939-04-13 Casteldàwson Northern Ireland Male NA NA NA 2013-08-30 Dublin Ireland
1995 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995 “for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development” 1/3 452 Individual Edward B. Lewis 1918-05-20 Wilkes-Barre, PA United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 2004-07-21 Pasadena, CA United States of America
1995 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995 “for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development” 1/3 453 Individual Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard 1942-10-20 Magdeburg Germany Female Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie Tübingen Federal Republic of Germany NA NA NA
1995 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995 “for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development” 1/3 454 Individual Eric F. Wieschaus 1947-06-08 South Bend, IN United States of America Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
1995 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1995 “for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms” 1/2 560 Individual Joseph Rotblat 1908-11-04 Warsaw Russian Empire (Poland) Male NA NA NA 2005-08-31 London United Kingdom
1995 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1995 “for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms” 1/2 561 Organization Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1995 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995 “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the discovery of the tau lepton” 1/2 147 Individual Martin L. Perl 1927-06-24 New York, NY United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America 2014-09-30 Palo Alto, CA United States of America
1995 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995 “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the detection of the neutrino” 1/2 148 Individual Frederick Reines 1918-03-16 Paterson, NJ United States of America Male University of California Irvine, CA United States of America 1998-08-26 Orange, CA United States of America
1996 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 “for their discovery of fullerenes” 1/3 284 Individual Robert F. Curl Jr. 1933-08-23 Alice, TX United States of America Male Rice University Houston, TX United States of America NA NA NA
1996 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 “for their discovery of fullerenes” 1/3 285 Individual Sir Harold W. Kroto 1939-10-07 Wisbech United Kingdom Male University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom 2016-04-30 Lewes, East Sussex United Kingdom
1996 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 “for their discovery of fullerenes” 1/3 286 Individual Richard E. Smalley 1943-06-06 Akron, OH United States of America Male Rice University Houston, TX United States of America 2005-10-28 Houston, TX United States of America
1996 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1996 “for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information” 1/2 715 Individual James A. Mirrlees 1936-07-05 Minnigaff Scotland Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
1996 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1996 “for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information” 1/2 716 Individual William Vickrey 1914-06-21 Victoria, BC Canada Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America 1996-10-11 Harrison, NY United States of America
1996 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1996 “for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality” 1/1 673 Individual Wislawa Szymborska 1923-07-02 Bnin (Kórnik) Poland Female NA NA NA 2012-02-01 Kraków Poland
1996 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996 “for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence” 1/2 455 Individual Peter C. Doherty 1940-10-15 Brisbane Australia Male St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, TN United States of America NA NA NA
1996 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996 “for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence” 1/2 456 Individual Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1944-01-06 Basel Switzerland Male University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology Zurich Switzerland NA NA NA
1996 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1996 “for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor” 1/2 562 Individual Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo 1948-02-03 Wailacama East Timor Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1996 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1996 “for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor” 1/2 563 Individual José Ramos-Horta 1949-12-26 Dili East Timor Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1996 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 “for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3” 1/3 149 Individual David M. Lee 1931-01-20 Rye, NY United States of America Male Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1996 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 “for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3” 1/3 150 Individual Douglas D. Osheroff 1945-08-01 Aberdeen, WA United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1996 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 “for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3” 1/3 151 Individual Robert C. Richardson 1937-06-26 Washington, DC United States of America Male Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States of America 2013-02-19 Ithaca, NY United States of America
1997 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 “for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)” 1/4 287 Individual Paul D. Boyer 1918-07-31 Provo, UT United States of America Male University of California Los Angeles, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1997 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 “for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)” 1/4 288 Individual John E. Walker 1941-01-07 Halifax United Kingdom Male MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
1997 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 “for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase” 1/2 289 Individual Jens C. Skou 1918-10-08 Lemvig Denmark Male Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark NA NA NA
1997 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1997 “for a new method to determine the value of derivatives” 1/2 717 Individual Robert C. Merton 1944-07-31 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
1997 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1997 “for a new method to determine the value of derivatives” 1/2 718 Individual Myron S. Scholes 1941-07-01 Timmins, ON Canada Male Long Term Capital Management Greenwich, CT United States of America NA NA NA
1997 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1997 “who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden” 1/1 674 Individual Dario Fo 1926-03-24 Leggiuno-Sangiano Italy Male NA NA NA 2016-10-13 Milano Italy
1997 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997 “for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection” 1/1 457 Individual Stanley B. Prusiner 1942-05-28 Des Moines, IA United States of America Male University of California School of Medicine San Francisco, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1997 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1997 “for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines” 1/2 564 Organization International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1997 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1997 “for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines” 1/2 565 Individual Jody Williams 1950-10-09 Putney, VT United States of America Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
1997 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light” 1/3 152 Individual Steven Chu 1948-02-28 St. Louis, MO United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1997 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light” 1/3 153 Individual Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 1933-04-01 Constantine French Algeria (Algeria) Male Collège de France Paris France NA NA NA
1997 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light” 1/3 153 Individual Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 1933-04-01 Constantine French Algeria (Algeria) Male École Normale Supérieure Paris France NA NA NA
1997 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light” 1/3 154 Individual William D. Phillips 1948-11-05 Wilkes-Barre, PA United States of America Male National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD United States of America NA NA NA
1998 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998 “for his development of the density-functional theory” 1/2 290 Individual Walter Kohn 1923-03-09 Vienna Austria Male University of California Santa Barbara, CA United States of America 2016-04-19 Santa Barbara, CA United States of America
1998 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998 “for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry” 1/2 291 Individual John A. Pople 1925-10-31 Burnham-on-Sea United Kingdom Male Northwestern University Evanston, IL United States of America 2004-03-15 Chicago, IL United States of America
1998 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1998 “for his contributions to welfare economics” 1/1 719 Individual Amartya Sen 1933-11-03 Santiniketan India Male Trinity College Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
1998 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1998 “who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality” 1/1 675 Individual José Saramago 1922-11-16 Azinhaga Portugal Male NA NA NA 2010-06-18 Lanzarote Spain
1998 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 “for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system” 1/3 458 Individual Robert F. Furchgott 1916-06-04 Charleston, SC United States of America Male SUNY Health Science Center Brooklyn, NY United States of America 2009-05-19 Seattle, WA United States of America
1998 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 “for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system” 1/3 459 Individual Louis J. Ignarro 1941-05-31 Brooklyn, NY United States of America Male University of California School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1998 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 “for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system” 1/3 460 Individual Ferid Murad 1936-09-14 Whiting, IN United States of America Male University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, TX United States of America NA NA NA
1998 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1998 “for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland” 1/2 566 Individual John Hume 1937-01-18 Londonderry Northern Ireland Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1998 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1998 “for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland” 1/2 567 Individual David Trimble 1944-10-15 Belfast Northern Ireland Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
1998 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998 “for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations” 1/3 155 Individual Robert B. Laughlin 1950-11-01 Visalia, CA United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
1998 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998 “for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations” 1/3 156 Individual Horst L. Störmer 1949-04-06 Frankfurt-on-the-Main West Germany (Germany) Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1998 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998 “for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations” 1/3 157 Individual Daniel C. Tsui 1939-02-28 Henan China Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
1999 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999 “for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy” 1/1 292 Individual Ahmed H. Zewail 1946-02-26 Damanhur Egypt Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America 2016-08-02 NA NA
1999 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1999 “for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas” 1/1 720 Individual Robert A. Mundell 1932-10-24 Kingston, ON Canada Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1999 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 1999 “whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history” 1/1 676 Individual Günter Grass 1927-10-16 Danzig (Gdansk) Free City of Danzig (Poland) Male NA NA NA 2015-04-13 Lübeck Germany
1999 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 “for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell” 1/1 461 Individual Günter Blobel 1936-05-21 Waltersdorf (Niegoslawice) Germany (Poland) Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
1999 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 “for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell” 1/1 461 Individual Günter Blobel 1936-05-21 Waltersdorf (Niegoslawice) Germany (Poland) Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
1999 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 1999 “in recognition of the organization’s pioneering humanitarian work on several continents” 1/1 568 Organization Médecins Sans Frontières NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
1999 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999 “for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics” 1/2 158 Individual Gerardus ’t Hooft 1946-07-05 Den Helder Netherlands Male Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands NA NA NA
1999 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999 “for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics” 1/2 159 Individual Martinus J.G. Veltman 1931-06-27 Waalwijk Netherlands Male NA Bilthoven Netherlands NA NA NA
2000 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers” 1/3 729 Individual Alan J. Heeger 1936-01-22 Sioux City, IA United States of America Male University of California Santa Barbara, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2000 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers” 1/3 730 Individual Alan G. MacDiarmid 1927-04-14 Masterton New Zealand Male University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA United States of America 2007-02-07 Drexel Hill, PA United States of America
2000 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers” 1/3 731 Individual Hideki Shirakawa 1936-08-20 Tokyo Japan Male University of Tsukuba Tokyo Japan NA NA NA
2000 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2000 “for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples” 1/2 732 Individual James J. Heckman 1944-04-19 Chicago, IL United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America NA NA NA
2000 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2000 “for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice” 1/2 733 Individual Daniel L. McFadden 1937-07-29 Raleigh, NC United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2000 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2000 “for an æuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama” 1/1 734 Individual Gao Xingjian 1940-01-04 Ganzhou China Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2000 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 “for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system” 1/3 722 Individual Arvid Carlsson 1923-01-25 Uppsala Sweden Male Göteborg University Gothenburg Sweden NA NA NA
2000 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 “for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system” 1/3 723 Individual Paul Greengard 1925-12-11 New York, NY United States of America Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2000 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 “for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system” 1/3 724 Individual Eric R. Kandel 1929-11-07 Vienna Austria Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2000 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2000 “for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular” 1/1 725 Individual Kim Dae-jung 1925-12-03 Mokpo Korea (South Korea) Male NA NA NA 2009-08-18 NA NA
2000 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 “for basic work on information and communication technology; for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics” 1/4 726 Individual Zhores I. Alferov 1930-03-15 Vitebsk, Belorussia Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Belarus) Male A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute St. Petersburg Russia NA NA NA
2000 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 “for basic work on information and communication technology; for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics” 1/4 727 Individual Herbert Kroemer 1928-08-25 Weimar Germany Male University of California Santa Barbara, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2000 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 “for basic work on information and communication technology; for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit” 1/2 728 Individual Jack S. Kilby 1923-11-08 Jefferson City, MO United States of America Male Texas Instruments Dallas, TX United States of America 2005-06-20 Dallas, TX United States of America
2001 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 “for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions” 1/4 741 Individual William S. Knowles 1917-06-01 Taunton, MA United States of America Male NA St. Louis, MO United States of America 2012-06-13 Chesterfield, MO United States of America
2001 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 “for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions” 1/4 742 Individual Ryoji Noyori 1938-09-03 Kobe Japan Male Nagoya University Nagoya Japan NA NA NA
2001 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 “for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions” 1/2 743 Individual K. Barry Sharpless 1941-04-28 Philadelphia, PA United States of America Male The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2001 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001 “for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information” 1/3 744 Individual George A. Akerlof 1940-06-17 New Haven, CT United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2001 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001 “for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information” 1/3 745 Individual A. Michael Spence NA Montclair, NJ United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2001 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001 “for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information” 1/3 746 Individual Joseph E. Stiglitz 1943-02-09 Gary, IN United States of America Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2001 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 “for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories” 1/1 747 Individual Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul 1932-08-17 NA Trinidad Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2001 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 “for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle” 1/3 735 Individual Leland H. Hartwell 1939-10-30 Los Angeles, CA United States of America Male Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA United States of America NA NA NA
2001 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 “for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle” 1/3 736 Individual Tim Hunt 1943-02-19 Neston United Kingdom Male Imperial Cancer Research Fund London United Kingdom NA NA NA
2001 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 “for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle” 1/3 737 Individual Sir Paul M. Nurse 1949-01-25 Norwich United Kingdom Male Imperial Cancer Research Fund London United Kingdom NA NA NA
2001 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2001 “for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world” 1/2 748 Organization United Nations (U.N.) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2001 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2001 “for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world” 1/2 749 Individual Kofi Annan 1938-04-08 Kumasi Gold Coast (Ghana) Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2001 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates” 1/3 738 Individual Eric A. Cornell 1961-12-19 Palo Alto, CA United States of America Male University of Colorado, JILA Boulder, CO United States of America NA NA NA
2001 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates” 1/3 739 Individual Wolfgang Ketterle 1957-10-21 Heidelberg West Germany (Germany) Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2001 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates” 1/3 740 Individual Carl E. Wieman 1951-03-26 Corvallis, OR United States of America Male University of Colorado, JILA Boulder, CO United States of America NA NA NA
2002 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 “for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules” 1/4 756 Individual John B. Fenn 1917-06-15 New York, NY United States of America Male Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA United States of America 2010-12-10 Richmond, VA United States of America
2002 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 “for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules” 1/4 757 Individual Koichi Tanaka 1959-08-03 Toyama City Japan Male Shimadzu Corp. Kyoto Japan NA NA NA
2002 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 “for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution” 1/2 758 Individual Kurt Wüthrich 1938-10-04 Aarberg Switzerland Male Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland NA NA NA
2002 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 “for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution” 1/2 758 Individual Kurt Wüthrich 1938-10-04 Aarberg Switzerland Male The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2002 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2002 “for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty” 1/2 759 Individual Daniel Kahneman 1934-03-05 Tel Aviv British Mandate of Palestine (Israel) Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
2002 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2002 “for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms” 1/2 760 Individual Vernon L. Smith 1927-01-01 Wichita, KS United States of America Male George Mason University Fairfax, VA United States of America NA NA NA
2002 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002 “for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history” 1/1 761 Individual Imre Kertész 1929-11-09 Budapest Hungary Male NA NA NA 2016-03-31 Budapest Hungary
2002 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 “for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death’” 1/3 750 Individual Sydney Brenner 1927-01-13 Germiston South Africa Male The Molecular Sciences Institute Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2002 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 “for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death’” 1/3 751 Individual H. Robert Horvitz 1947-05-08 Chicago, IL United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2002 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 “for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death’” 1/3 752 Individual John E. Sulston 1942-03-27 Cambridge United Kingdom Male The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
2002 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2002 “for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development” 1/1 762 Individual Jimmy Carter 1924-10-01 Plains, GA United States of America Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2002 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002 “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos” 1/4 753 Individual Raymond Davis Jr. 1914-10-14 Washington, DC United States of America Male University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA United States of America 2006-05-31 Blue Point, NY United States of America
2002 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002 “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos” 1/4 754 Individual Masatoshi Koshiba 1926-09-19 Toyohashi Japan Male University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan NA NA NA
2002 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002 “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources” 1/2 755 Individual Riccardo Giacconi 1931-10-06 Genoa Italy Male Associated Universities Inc. Washington, DC United States of America NA NA NA
2003 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 “for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for the discovery of water channels” 1/2 769 Individual Peter Agre 1949-01-30 Northfield, MN United States of America Male Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD United States of America NA NA NA
2003 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 “for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels” 1/2 770 Individual Roderick MacKinnon 1956-02-19 Burlington, MA United States of America Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2003 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 “for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels” 1/2 770 Individual Roderick MacKinnon 1956-02-19 Burlington, MA United States of America Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
2003 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2003 “for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)” 1/2 771 Individual Robert F. Engle III 1942-11-10 Syracuse, NY United States of America Male New York University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2003 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2003 “for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)” 1/2 772 Individual Clive W.J. Granger 1934-09-04 Swansea United Kingdom Male University of California San Diego, CA United States of America 2009-05-27 San Diego, CA United States of America
2003 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2003 “who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider” 1/1 763 Individual John M. Coetzee 1940-02-09 Cape Town South Africa Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2003 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 “for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging” 1/2 764 Individual Paul C. Lauterbur 1929-05-06 Sidney, OH United States of America Male University of Illinois Urbana, IL United States of America 2007-03-27 Urbana, IL United States of America
2003 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 “for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging” 1/2 765 Individual Sir Peter Mansfield 1933-10-09 London United Kingdom Male University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy Nottingham United Kingdom 2017-02-08 NA NA
2003 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2003 “for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children” 1/1 773 Individual Shirin Ebadi 1947-06-21 Hamadan Iran Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2003 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003 “for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids” 1/3 766 Individual Alexei A. Abrikosov 1928-06-25 Moscow Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia) Male Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL United States of America NA NA NA
2003 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003 “for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids” 1/3 767 Individual Vitaly L. Ginzburg 1916-10-04 Moscow Russia Male P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow Russia 2009-11-08 NA NA
2003 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003 “for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids” 1/3 768 Individual Anthony J. Leggett 1938-03-26 London United Kingdom Male University of Illinois Urbana, IL United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 “for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation” 1/3 779 Individual Aaron Ciechanover 1947-10-01 Haifa British Protectorate of Palestine (Israel) Male Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel NA NA NA
2004 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 “for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation” 1/3 780 Individual Avram Hershko 1937-12-31 Karcag Hungary Male Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel NA NA NA
2004 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 “for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation” 1/3 781 Individual Irwin Rose 1926-07-16 Brooklyn, NY United States of America Male University of California Irvine, CA United States of America 2015-06-03 Deerfield, MA United States of America
2004 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004 “for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles” 1/2 786 Individual Finn E. Kydland 1943-12-01 Gjesdal Norway Male Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004 “for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles” 1/2 786 Individual Finn E. Kydland 1943-12-01 Gjesdal Norway Male University of California Santa Barbara, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004 “for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles” 1/2 787 Individual Edward C. Prescott 1940-12-26 Glens Falls, NY United States of America Male Arizona State University Tempe, AZ United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004 “for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles” 1/2 787 Individual Edward C. Prescott 1940-12-26 Glens Falls, NY United States of America Male Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Minneapolis, MN United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2004 “for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society’s clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power” 1/1 782 Individual Elfriede Jelinek 1946-10-20 Mürzzuschlag Austria Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2004 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 “for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system” 1/2 774 Individual Richard Axel 1946-07-02 New York, NY United States of America Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 “for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system” 1/2 775 Individual Linda B. Buck 1947-01-29 Seattle, WA United States of America Female Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2004 “for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace” 1/1 783 Individual Wangari Muta Maathai 1940-04-01 Nyeri Kenya Female NA NA NA 2011-09-25 Nairobi Kenya
2004 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004 “for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction” 1/3 776 Individual David J. Gross 1941-02-19 Washington, DC United States of America Male University of California, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Santa Barbara, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004 “for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction” 1/3 777 Individual H. David Politzer 1949-08-31 New York, NY United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2004 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004 “for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction” 1/3 778 Individual Frank Wilczek 1951-05-15 New York, NY United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2005 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 “for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis” 1/3 794 Individual Yves Chauvin 1930-10-10 Menin Belgium Male Institut Français du Pétrole Rueil-Malmaison France 2015-01-27 Tours France
2005 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 “for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis” 1/3 795 Individual Robert H. Grubbs 1942-02-27 Possum Trot, KY United States of America Male California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2005 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 “for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis” 1/3 796 Individual Richard R. Schrock 1945-01-04 Berne, IN United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2005 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2005 “for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis” 1/2 799 Individual Robert J. Aumann 1930-06-08 Frankfurt-on-the-Main Germany Male University of Jerusalem, Center for RationalityHebrew Jerusalem Israel NA NA NA
2005 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2005 “for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis” 1/2 800 Individual Thomas C. Schelling 1921-04-14 Oakland, CA United States of America Male University of Maryland, Department of Economics and School of Public Policy College Park, MD United States of America 2016-12-13 Bethesda, MD United States of America
2005 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005 “who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression’s closed rooms” 1/1 801 Individual Harold Pinter 1930-10-10 London United Kingdom Male NA NA NA 2008-12-24 London United Kingdom
2005 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 “for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease” 1/2 789 Individual Barry J. Marshall 1951-09-30 Kalgoorlie Australia Male NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands Australia NA NA NA
2005 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 “for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease” 1/2 789 Individual Barry J. Marshall 1951-09-30 Kalgoorlie Australia Male University of Western Australia Perth Australia NA NA NA
2005 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 “for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease” 1/2 790 Individual J. Robin Warren 1937-06-11 Adelaide Australia Male NA Perth Australia NA NA NA
2005 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2005 “for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way” 1/2 797 Organization International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2005 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2005 “for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way” 1/2 798 Individual Mohamed ElBaradei 1942-06-17 Cairo Egypt Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2005 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 “for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence” 1/2 791 Individual Roy J. Glauber 1925-09-01 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2005 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique” 1/4 792 Individual John L. Hall 1934-08-21 Denver, CO United States of America Male University of Colorado, JILA Boulder, CO United States of America NA NA NA
2005 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique” 1/4 792 Individual John L. Hall 1934-08-21 Denver, CO United States of America Male National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, CO United States of America NA NA NA
2005 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique” 1/4 793 Individual Theodor W. Hänsch 1941-10-30 Heidelberg Germany Male Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik Garching Germany NA NA NA
2005 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique” 1/4 793 Individual Theodor W. Hänsch 1941-10-30 Heidelberg Germany Male Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität Munich Germany NA NA NA
2006 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006 “for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription” 1/1 806 Individual Roger D. Kornberg 1947-04-24 St. Louis, MO United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2006 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2006 “for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy” 1/1 807 Individual Edmund S. Phelps 1933-07-26 Evanston, IL United States of America Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2006 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2006 “who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures” 1/1 808 Individual Orhan Pamuk 1952-06-07 Istanbul Turkey Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2006 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006 “for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA” 1/2 802 Individual Andrew Z. Fire 1959-04-27 Stanford, CA United States of America Male Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2006 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006 “for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA” 1/2 803 Individual Craig C. Mello 1960-10-19 New Haven, CT United States of America Male University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2006 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2006 “for their efforts to create economic and social development from below” 1/2 809 Individual Muhammad Yunus 1940-06-28 Chittagong British India (Bangladesh) Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2006 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2006 “for their efforts to create economic and social development from below” 1/2 810 Organization Grameen Bank NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2006 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 “for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation” 1/2 804 Individual John C. Mather 1946-08-07 Roanoke, VA United States of America Male NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD United States of America NA NA NA
2006 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 “for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation” 1/2 805 Individual George F. Smoot 1945-02-20 Yukon, FL United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2007 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007 “for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces” 1/1 816 Individual Gerhard Ertl 1936-10-10 Bad Cannstatt Germany Male Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Berlin Germany NA NA NA
2007 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007 “for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory” 1/3 820 Individual Leonid Hurwicz 1917-08-21 Moscow Russia Male University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN United States of America 2008-06-24 Minneapolis, MN United States of America
2007 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007 “for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory” 1/3 821 Individual Eric S. Maskin 1950-12-12 New York, NY United States of America Male Institute for Advanced Study Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
2007 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007 “for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory” 1/3 822 Individual Roger B. Myerson 1951-03-29 Boston, MA United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America NA NA NA
2007 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007 “that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny” 1/1 817 Individual Doris Lessing 1919-10-22 Kermanshah Persia (Iran) Female NA NA NA 2013-11-17 London United Kingdom
2007 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 “for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells” 1/3 811 Individual Mario R. Capecchi 1937-10-06 Verona Italy Male University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT United States of America NA NA NA
2007 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 “for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells” 1/3 811 Individual Mario R. Capecchi 1937-10-06 Verona Italy Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
2007 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 “for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells” 1/3 812 Individual Sir Martin J. Evans 1941-01-01 Stroud United Kingdom Male Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom NA NA NA
2007 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 “for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells” 1/3 813 Individual Oliver Smithies 1925-06-23 Halifax United Kingdom Male University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC United States of America 2017-01-10 Chapel Hill, NC United States of America
2007 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 “for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change” 1/2 818 Organization Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2007 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 “for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change” 1/2 819 Individual Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. 1948-03-31 Washington, DC United States of America Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2007 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 “for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance” 1/2 814 Individual Albert Fert 1938-03-07 Carcassonne France Male Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud Orsay France NA NA NA
2007 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 “for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance” 1/2 814 Individual Albert Fert 1938-03-07 Carcassonne France Male Unit&eacute; Mixte de Physique CNRS/THALES Orsay France NA NA NA
2007 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 “for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance” 1/2 815 Individual Peter Grünberg 1939-05-18 Plzen Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) Male Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich J&uuml;lich Germany NA NA NA
2008 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” 1/3 829 Individual Osamu Shimomura 1928-08-27 Kyoto Japan Male Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) Woods Hole, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2008 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” 1/3 829 Individual Osamu Shimomura 1928-08-27 Kyoto Japan Male Boston University Medical School Massachusetts, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2008 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” 1/3 830 Individual Martin Chalfie 1947-01-15 Chicago, IL United States of America Male Columbia University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2008 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” 1/3 831 Individual Roger Y. Tsien 1952-02-01 New York, NY United States of America Male University of California San Diego, CA United States of America 2016-08-24 Eugene, OR United States of America
2008 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” 1/3 831 Individual Roger Y. Tsien 1952-02-01 New York, NY United States of America Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA 2016-08-24 Eugene, OR United States of America
2008 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2008 “for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity” 1/1 834 Individual Paul Krugman 1953-02-28 New York, NY United States of America Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
2008 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008 “author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization” 1/1 832 Individual Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio 1940-04-13 Nice France Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2008 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 “for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer” 1/2 823 Individual Harald zur Hausen 1936-03-11 Gelsenkirchen Germany Male German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany NA NA NA
2008 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 “for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus” 1/4 824 Individual Françoise Barré-Sinoussi 1947-07-30 Paris France Female Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur Paris France NA NA NA
2008 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 “for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus” 1/4 825 Individual Luc Montagnier 1932-08-18 Chabris France Male World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention Paris France NA NA NA
2008 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2008 “for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts” 1/1 833 Individual Martti Ahtisaari 1937-06-23 Viipuri (Vyborg) Finland Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2008 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 “for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics” 1/2 826 Individual Yoichiro Nambu 1921-01-18 Tokyo Japan Male Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America 2015-07-05 Osaka Japan
2008 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 “for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature” 1/4 827 Individual Makoto Kobayashi 1944-04-07 Nagoya Japan Male High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Japan NA NA NA
2008 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 “for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature” 1/4 828 Individual Toshihide Maskawa 1940-02-07 Nagoya Japan Male Kyoto Sangyo University Kyoto Japan NA NA NA
2008 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 “for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature” 1/4 828 Individual Toshihide Maskawa 1940-02-07 Nagoya Japan Male Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto Japan NA NA NA
2009 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome” 1/3 841 Individual Venkatraman Ramakrishnan NA Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu India Male MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
2009 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome” 1/3 842 Individual Thomas A. Steitz 1940-08-23 Milwaukee, WI United States of America Male Yale University New Haven, CT United States of America NA NA NA
2009 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome” 1/3 842 Individual Thomas A. Steitz 1940-08-23 Milwaukee, WI United States of America Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
2009 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome” 1/3 843 Individual Ada E. Yonath 1939-06-22 Jerusalem British Mandate of Palestine (Israel) Female Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel NA NA NA
2009 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009 “for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons” 1/2 846 Individual Elinor Ostrom 1933-08-07 Los Angeles, CA United States of America Female Indiana University Bloomington, IN United States of America 2012-06-12 Bloomington, IN United States of America
2009 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009 “for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons” 1/2 846 Individual Elinor Ostrom 1933-08-07 Los Angeles, CA United States of America Female Arizona State University Tempe, AZ United States of America 2012-06-12 Bloomington, IN United States of America
2009 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009 “for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm” 1/2 847 Individual Oliver E. Williamson 1932-09-27 Superior, WI United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2009 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009 “who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed” 1/1 844 Individual Herta Müller 1953-08-17 Nitzkydorf, Banat Romania Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2009 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 “for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase” 1/3 835 Individual Elizabeth H. Blackburn 1948-11-26 Hobart, Tasmania Australia Female University of California San Francisco, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2009 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 “for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase” 1/3 836 Individual Carol W. Greider 1961-04-15 San Diego, CA United States of America Female Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD United States of America NA NA NA
2009 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 “for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase” 1/3 837 Individual Jack W. Szostak 1952-11-09 London United Kingdom Male Harvard Medical School Boston, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2009 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 “for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase” 1/3 837 Individual Jack W. Szostak 1952-11-09 London United Kingdom Male Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2009 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 “for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase” 1/3 837 Individual Jack W. Szostak 1952-11-09 London United Kingdom Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
2009 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2009 “for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples” 1/1 845 Individual Barack H. Obama 1961-08-04 Honolulu, HI United States of America Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2009 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009 “for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication” 1/2 838 Individual Charles Kuen Kao 1933-11-04 Shanghai China Male Standard Telecommunication Laboratories Harlow United Kingdom NA NA NA
2009 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009 “for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication” 1/2 838 Individual Charles Kuen Kao 1933-11-04 Shanghai China Male Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China NA NA NA
2009 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009 “for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor” 1/4 839 Individual Willard S. Boyle 1924-08-19 Amherst, NS Canada Male Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ United States of America 2011-05-07 Truro, NS Canada
2009 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009 “for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor” 1/4 840 Individual George E. Smith 1930-05-10 White Plains, NY United States of America Male Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
2010 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 “for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis” 1/3 851 Individual Richard F. Heck 1931-08-15 Springfield, MA United States of America Male University of Delaware NA United States of America 2015-10-09 Manila Philippines
2010 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 “for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis” 1/3 852 Individual Ei-ichi Negishi 1935-07-14 Changchun China Male Purdue University West Lafayette, IN United States of America NA NA NA
2010 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 “for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis” 1/3 853 Individual Akira Suzuki 1930-09-12 Mukawa Japan Male Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan NA NA NA
2010 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010 “for their analysis of markets with search frictions” 1/3 856 Individual Peter A. Diamond 1940-04-29 New York, NY United States of America Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2010 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010 “for their analysis of markets with search frictions” 1/3 857 Individual Dale T. Mortensen 1939-02-02 Enterprise, OR United States of America Male Northwestern University Evanston, IL United States of America 2014-01-09 Wilmette, IL United States of America
2010 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010 “for their analysis of markets with search frictions” 1/3 857 Individual Dale T. Mortensen 1939-02-02 Enterprise, OR United States of America Male Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark 2014-01-09 Wilmette, IL United States of America
2010 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010 “for their analysis of markets with search frictions” 1/3 858 Individual Christopher A. Pissarides 1948-02-20 Nicosia Cyprus Male London School of Economics and Political Science London United Kingdom NA NA NA
2010 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 “for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual’s resistance, revolt, and defeat” 1/1 854 Individual Mario Vargas Llosa 1936-03-28 Arequipa Peru Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2010 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 “for the development of in vitro fertilization” 1/1 848 Individual Robert G. Edwards 1925-09-27 Batley United Kingdom Male University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom 2013-04-10 Cambridge United Kingdom
2010 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 “for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China” 1/1 855 Individual Liu Xiaobo 1955-12-28 NA China Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2010 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene” 1/2 849 Individual Andre Geim 1958-10-21 Sochi Russia Male University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom NA NA NA
2010 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene” 1/2 850 Individual Konstantin Novoselov 1974-08-23 Nizhny Tagil Russia Male University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom NA NA NA
2011 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 “for the discovery of quasicrystals” 1/1 867 Individual Dan Shechtman 1941-01-24 Tel Aviv British Mandate of Palestine (Israel) Male Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel NA NA NA
2011 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2011 “for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy” 1/2 872 Individual Thomas J. Sargent 1943-07-19 Pasadena, CA United States of America Male New York University New York, NY United States of America NA NA NA
2011 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2011 “for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy” 1/2 873 Individual Christopher A. Sims 1942-10-21 Washington, DC United States of America Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
2011 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011 “because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality” 1/1 868 Individual Tomas Tranströmer 1931-04-15 Stockholm Sweden Male NA NA NA 2015-03-26 Stockholm Sweden
2011 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity” 1/4 861 Individual Bruce A. Beutler 1957-12-29 Chicago, IL United States of America Male University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX United States of America NA NA NA
2011 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity” 1/4 861 Individual Bruce A. Beutler 1957-12-29 Chicago, IL United States of America Male The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2011 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity” 1/4 862 Individual Jules A. Hoffmann 1941-08-02 Echternach Luxembourg Male University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France NA NA NA
2011 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 “for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity” 1/2 863 Individual Ralph M. Steinman 1943-01-14 Montreal Canada Male Rockefeller University New York, NY United States of America 2011-09-30 NA NA
2011 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 “for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work” 1/3 869 Individual Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 1938-10-29 Monrovia Liberia Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2011 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 “for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work” 1/3 870 Individual Leymah Gbowee 1972-02-01 Monrovia Liberia Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2011 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 “for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work” 1/3 871 Individual Tawakkol Karman 1979-02-07 Ta’izz Yemen Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2011 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” 1/2 864 Individual Saul Perlmutter NA Champaign-Urbana, IL United States of America Male Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2011 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” 1/2 864 Individual Saul Perlmutter NA Champaign-Urbana, IL United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2011 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” 1/4 865 Individual Brian P. Schmidt 1967-02-24 Missoula, MT United States of America Male Australian National University Weston Creek Australia NA NA NA
2011 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” 1/4 866 Individual Adam G. Riess 1969-12-16 Washington, DC United States of America Male Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD United States of America NA NA NA
2011 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” 1/4 866 Individual Adam G. Riess 1969-12-16 Washington, DC United States of America Male Space Telescope Science Institute Baltimore, MD United States of America NA NA NA
2012 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 “for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors” 1/2 878 Individual Robert J. Lefkowitz 1943-04-15 New York, NY United States of America Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
2012 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 “for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors” 1/2 878 Individual Robert J. Lefkowitz 1943-04-15 New York, NY United States of America Male Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC United States of America NA NA NA
2012 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 “for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors” 1/2 879 Individual Brian K. Kobilka 1955-05-30 Little Falls, MN United States of America Male Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2012 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012 “for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design” 1/2 882 Individual Alvin E. Roth 1951-12-18 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2012 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012 “for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design” 1/2 882 Individual Alvin E. Roth 1951-12-18 New York, NY United States of America Male Harvard Business School Boston, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2012 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012 “for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design” 1/2 883 Individual Lloyd S. Shapley 1923-06-02 Cambridge, MA United States of America Male University of California Los Angeles, CA United States of America 2016-03-12 Tucson, AZ United States of America
2012 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 “who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary” 1/1 880 Individual Mo Yan 1955-02-02 Gaomi China Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2012 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 “for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent” 1/2 874 Individual Sir John B. Gurdon 1933-10-02 Dippenhall United Kingdom Male Gurdon Institute Cambridge United Kingdom NA NA NA
2012 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 “for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent” 1/2 875 Individual Shinya Yamanaka 1962-09-04 Osaka Japan Male Kyoto University Kyoto Japan NA NA NA
2012 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 “for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent” 1/2 875 Individual Shinya Yamanaka 1962-09-04 Osaka Japan Male Gladstone Institutes San Francisco, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2012 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2012 “for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe” 1/1 881 Organization European Union (EU) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2012 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 “for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems” 1/2 876 Individual Serge Haroche 1944-09-11 Casablanca Morocco Male Collège de France Paris France NA NA NA
2012 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 “for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems” 1/2 876 Individual Serge Haroche 1944-09-11 Casablanca Morocco Male École Normale Supérieure Paris France NA NA NA
2012 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 “for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems” 1/2 877 Individual David J. Wineland 1944-02-24 Milwaukee, WI United States of America Male National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, CO United States of America NA NA NA
2012 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 “for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems” 1/2 877 Individual David J. Wineland 1944-02-24 Milwaukee, WI United States of America Male University of Colorado Boulder, CO United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems” 1/3 889 Individual Martin Karplus 1930-03-15 Vienna Austria Male Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France NA NA NA
2013 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems” 1/3 889 Individual Martin Karplus 1930-03-15 Vienna Austria Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems” 1/3 890 Individual Michael Levitt 1947-05-09 Pretoria South Africa Male Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems” 1/3 891 Individual Arieh Warshel 1940-11-20 Kibbutz Sde-Nahum British Mandate of Palestine (Israel) Male University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013 “for their empirical analysis of asset prices” 1/3 894 Individual Eugene F. Fama 1939-02-14 Boston, MA United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013 “for their empirical analysis of asset prices” 1/3 895 Individual Lars Peter Hansen 1952-10-26 Urbana, IL United States of America Male University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013 “for their empirical analysis of asset prices” 1/3 896 Individual Robert J. Shiller 1946-03-29 Detroit, MI United States of America Male Yale University New Haven, CT United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013 “master of the contemporary short story” 1/1 892 Individual Alice Munro 1931-07-10 Wingham Canada Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2013 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells” 1/3 884 Individual James E. Rothman 1950-11-03 Haverhill, MA United States of America Male Yale University New Haven, CT United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells” 1/3 885 Individual Randy W. Schekman 1948-12-30 St. Paul, MN United States of America Male University of California Berkeley, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells” 1/3 885 Individual Randy W. Schekman 1948-12-30 St. Paul, MN United States of America Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
2013 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells” 1/3 886 Individual Thomas C. Südhof 1955-12-22 Göttingen Germany Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2013 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells” 1/3 886 Individual Thomas C. Südhof 1955-12-22 Göttingen Germany Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute NA NA NA NA NA
2013 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2013 “for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons” 1/1 893 Organization Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2013 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 “for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider” 1/2 887 Individual François Englert 1932-11-06 Etterbeek Belgium Male Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium NA NA NA
2013 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 “for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider” 1/2 888 Individual Peter W. Higgs 1929-05-29 Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Male University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom NA NA NA
2014 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy” 1/3 909 Individual Eric Betzig 1960-01-13 Ann Arbor, MI United States of America Male Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ashburn, VA United States of America NA NA NA
2014 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy” 1/3 910 Individual Stefan W. Hell 1962-12-23 Arad Romania Male Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen Germany NA NA NA
2014 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy” 1/3 910 Individual Stefan W. Hell 1962-12-23 Arad Romania Male German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany NA NA NA
2014 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy” 1/3 911 Individual William E. Moerner 1953-06-24 Pleasanton, CA United States of America Male Stanford University Stanford, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2014 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2014 “for his analysis of market power and regulation” 1/1 915 Individual Jean Tirole 1953-08-09 Troyes France Male Toulouse School of Economics (TSE) Toulouse France NA NA NA
2014 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014 “for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation” 1/1 912 Individual Patrick Modiano 1945-07-30 Paris France Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2014 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 “for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain” 1/2 903 Individual John O’Keefe 1939-11-18 New York, NY United States of America Male University College London United Kingdom NA NA NA
2014 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 “for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain” 1/4 904 Individual May-Britt Moser 1963-01-04 Fosnavåg Norway Female Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway NA NA NA
2014 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 “for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain” 1/4 905 Individual Edvard I. Moser 1962-04-27 Ålesund Norway Male Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway NA NA NA
2014 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 “for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education” 1/2 913 Individual Kailash Satyarthi 1954-01-11 Vidisha India Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2014 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 “for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education” 1/2 914 Individual Malala Yousafzai 1997-07-12 Mingora Pakistan Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2014 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” 1/3 906 Individual Isamu Akasaki 1929-01-30 Chiran Japan Male Meijo University Nagoya Japan NA NA NA
2014 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” 1/3 906 Individual Isamu Akasaki 1929-01-30 Chiran Japan Male Nagoya University Nagoya Japan NA NA NA
2014 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” 1/3 907 Individual Hiroshi Amano 1960-09-11 Hamamatsu Japan Male Nagoya University Nagoya Japan NA NA NA
2014 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” 1/3 908 Individual Shuji Nakamura 1954-05-22 Ikata Japan Male University of California Santa Barbara, CA United States of America NA NA NA
2015 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 “for mechanistic studies of DNA repair” 1/3 921 Individual Tomas Lindahl 1938-01-28 Stockholm Sweden Male Francis Crick Institute Hertfordshire United Kingdom NA NA NA
2015 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 “for mechanistic studies of DNA repair” 1/3 921 Individual Tomas Lindahl 1938-01-28 Stockholm Sweden Male Clare Hall Laboratory Hertfordshire United Kingdom NA NA NA
2015 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 “for mechanistic studies of DNA repair” 1/3 922 Individual Paul Modrich 1946-06-13 Raton, NM United States of America Male Howard Hughes Medical Institute Durham, NC United States of America NA NA NA
2015 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 “for mechanistic studies of DNA repair” 1/3 922 Individual Paul Modrich 1946-06-13 Raton, NM United States of America Male Duke University School of Medicine Durham, NC United States of America NA NA NA
2015 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 “for mechanistic studies of DNA repair” 1/3 923 Individual Aziz Sancar 1946-09-08 Savur Turkey Male University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC United States of America NA NA NA
2015 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2015 “for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare” 1/1 926 Individual Angus Deaton 1945-10-19 Edinburgh United Kingdom Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
2015 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2015 “for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time” 1/1 924 Individual Svetlana Alexievich 1948-05-31 Ivano-Frankivsk Ukraine Female NA NA NA NA NA NA
2015 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 “for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites” 1/4 916 Individual William C. Campbell 1930-06-28 Ramelton Ireland Male Drew University Madison, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
2015 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 “for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites” 1/4 917 Individual Satoshi Ōmura 1935-07-12 Yamanashi Prefecture Japan Male Kitasato University Tokyo Japan NA NA NA
2015 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 “for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria” 1/2 918 Individual Youyou Tu 1930-12-30 Zhejiang Ningbo China Female China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing China NA NA NA
2015 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2015 “for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011” 1/1 925 Organization National Dialogue Quartet NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2015 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 “for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass” 1/2 919 Individual Takaaki Kajita 1959-03-09 Higashimatsuyama Japan Male University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan NA NA NA
2015 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 “for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass” 1/2 920 Individual Arthur B. McDonald 1943-08-29 Sydney Canada Male Queen’s University Kingston Canada NA NA NA
2016 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 “for the design and synthesis of molecular machines” 1/3 931 Individual Jean-Pierre Sauvage 1944-10-21 Paris France Male University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France NA NA NA
2016 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 “for the design and synthesis of molecular machines” 1/3 932 Individual Sir J. Fraser Stoddart 1942-05-24 Edinburgh United Kingdom Male Northwestern University Evanston, IL United States of America NA NA NA
2016 Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 “for the design and synthesis of molecular machines” 1/3 933 Individual Bernard L. Feringa 1951-05-18 Barger-Compascuum Netherlands Male University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands NA NA NA
2016 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2016 “for their contributions to contract theory” 1/2 935 Individual Oliver Hart 1948-10-09 London United Kingdom Male Harvard University Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2016 Economics The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2016 “for their contributions to contract theory” 1/2 936 Individual Bengt Holmström 1949-04-18 Helsinki Finland Male Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA United States of America NA NA NA
2016 Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature 2016 “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition” 1/1 937 Individual Bob Dylan 1941-05-24 Duluth, MN United States of America Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2016 Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016 “for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy” 1/1 927 Individual Yoshinori Ohsumi 1945-02-09 Fukuoka Japan Male Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan NA NA NA
2016 Peace The Nobel Peace Prize 2016 “for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end” 1/1 934 Individual Juan Manuel Santos 1951-08-10 Bogotá Colombia Male NA NA NA NA NA NA
2016 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter” 1/2 928 Individual David J. Thouless 1934-09-21 Bearsden United Kingdom Male University of Washington Seattle, WA United States of America NA NA NA
2016 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter” 1/4 929 Individual F. Duncan M. Haldane 1951-09-14 London United Kingdom Male Princeton University Princeton, NJ United States of America NA NA NA
2016 Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter” 1/4 930 Individual J. Michael Kosterlitz 1943-06-22 Aberdeen United Kingdom Male Brown University Providence, RI United States of America NA NA NA

Category

There are six categories of prizes, out of which all are given each year. That’s is, there are six eligible prizes every year. They are awarded for Outstanding contributions for humanity in chemistry, economics, literature, peace, physics, or physiology or medicine.

Statistics :

Catrgory Total Prize Winner
Chemistry 194
Economics 83
Literature 113
Medicine 227
Peace 130
Physics 222

Male-Female

While the number of female Nobel laureates is gradually increasing, there is still a huge gender gap in the gender of those winning Nobel Prizes

Male -Female and Nobel Prize Winner :

Sex Total Count
Female 50
Male 893

Male -Female : Category and Nobel Prize Winner :

Sex Category Total Prize Winner
Female Chemistry 4
Female Economics 2
Female Literature 14
Female Medicine 12
Female Peace 16
Female Physics 2
Male Chemistry 190
Male Economics 81
Male Literature 99
Male Medicine 215
Male Peace 88
Male Physics 220

Laureates

Nobel Prize Lessons are reliable and so easy to use, that a teacher can look through the manual, watch the slides, print the texts for students and then start the class. The material is based on well established sources, and point to further reading from the prize-awarding institutions.

Nobel Prize and Laureates:

Laureate Type Total Prize Winner
Individual 939
Organization 30

Nobel Prize and Laureates: Category :

Laureate Type Category Total Prize Winners
Individual Chemistry 194
Individual Economics 83
Individual Literature 113
Individual Medicine 227
Individual Peace 100
Individual Physics 222
Organization Peace 30

Sharing

We live in a world where unfortunately the distinction between true and false appears to become increasingly blurred by manipulation of facts, by exploitation of uncritical minds, and by the pollution of the language.

Sharing:Category-Nobel Prize Winners

Category Prize Share Nobel Prize
Chemistry 1/1 67
Chemistry 1/2 59
Chemistry 1/3 54
Chemistry 1/4 14
Economics 1/1 24
Economics 1/2 40
Economics 1/3 19
Literature 1/1 105
Literature 1/2 8
Medicine 1/1 40
Medicine 1/2 77
Medicine 1/3 93
Medicine 1/4 17
Peace 1/1 66
Peace 1/2 58
Peace 1/3 6
Physics 1/1 49
Physics 1/2 86
Physics 1/3 53
Physics 1/4 34

Not only are there meaningless questions, but many of the problems with which the human intellect has tortured itself turn out to be only ‘pseudo problems,’ because they can be formulated only in terms of questions which are meaningless. Many of the traditional problems of philosophy, of religion, or of ethics, are of this character. Consider, for example, the problem of the freedom of the will. You maintain that you are free to take either the right- or the left-hand fork in the road. I defy you to set up a single objective criterion by which you can prove after you have made the turn that you might have made the other. The problem has no meaning in the sphere of objective activity; it only relates to my personal subjective feelings while making the decision

Country

Human curiosity, the urge to know, is a powerful force and is perhaps the best secret weapon of all in the struggle to unravel the workings of the natural world

Country:Nobel Prize Winners

Country Name Nobel Prize
Alsace (then Germany, now France) 1
Argentina 2
Australia 2
Austria 2
Austria-Hungary (Austria) 1
Austria-Hungary (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 1
Austria-Hungary (Croatia) 1
Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic) 1
Austria-Hungary (Hungary) 1
Austria-Hungary (Poland) 1
Austria-Hungary (Slovenia) 1
Austria-Hungary (Ukraine) 1
Austrian Empire (Austria) 1
Austrian Empire (Czech Republic) 1
Austrian Empire (Italy) 1
Bavaria (Germany) 1
Belgium 2
Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 1
Brazil 1
British India (Bangladesh) 1
British India (India) 1
British Mandate of Palestine (Israel) 1
British Protectorate of Palestine (Israel) 1
British West Indies (Saint Lucia) 1
Bulgaria 1
Burma (Myanmar) 1
Canada 2
Chile 1
China 2
Colombia 1
Costa Rica 1
Crete (Greece) 1
Cyprus 1
Czechoslovakia 1
Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) 1
Denmark 2
East Friesland (Germany) 1
East Timor 1
Egypt 1
Faroe Islands (Denmark) 1
Federal Republic of Germany 1
Finland 2
France 2
Free City of Danzig (Poland) 1
French Algeria (Algeria) 1
German-occupied Poland (Poland) 1
Germany 2
Germany (France) 1
Germany (Poland) 1
Germany (Russia) 1
Gold Coast (Ghana) 1
Guadeloupe Island 1
Guatemala 1
Hesse-Kassel (Germany) 1
Hungary 2
Hungary (Slovakia) 1
Iceland 1
India 2
India (Pakistan) 1
Iran 1
Ireland 2
Israel 1
Italy 2
Japan 2
Java, Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) 1
Kenya 1
Korea (South Korea) 1
Liberia 1
Lithuania 1
Luxembourg 1
Madagascar 1
Mecklenburg (Germany) 1
Mexico 1
Morocco 1
Netherlands 2
New Zealand 1
Nigeria 1
Northern Ireland 1
Norway 2
Ottoman Empire (Republic of Macedonia) 1
Ottoman Empire (Turkey) 1
Pakistan 1
Persia (Iran) 1
Peru 1
Poland 1
Poland (Belarus) 1
Poland (Lithuania) 1
Poland (Ukraine) 1
Portugal 2
Prussia (Germany) 1
Prussia (Poland) 1
Prussia (Russia) 1
Romania 1
Russia 2
Russian Empire (Azerbaijan) 1
Russian Empire (Belarus) 1
Russian Empire (Finland) 1
Russian Empire (Latvia) 1
Russian Empire (Lithuania) 1
Russian Empire (Poland) 1
Russian Empire (Russia) 1
Russian Empire (Ukraine) 1
Saint Lucia 1
Schleswig (Germany) 1
Scotland 1
South Africa 1
Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 1
Spain 2
Sweden 2
Switzerland 2
Taiwan 1
Tibet (People’s Republic of China) 1
Trinidad 1
Turkey 1
Tuscany (Italy) 1
Ukraine 1
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Belarus) 1
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia) 1
United Kingdom 2
United States of America 2
Venezuela 1
Vietnam 1
W&uuml;rttemberg (Germany) 1
West Germany (Germany) 1
Yemen 1
NA 2