Project Summary

The team composed of Jason Givens-Doyle, Soumya Ghosh, and Romerl Elizes was formed at the start of the semester. After a week of individual research, the team decided to invest its time in the World War 2 Allied Bombing data found in Data.World. We held a weekly meeting since inception to make sure all goals and issues were satisfied in a timely manner. Because Jason lives in Japan, it was best if we all collaborated using Google Hangout as our primary communication tool. In the end, Soumya became the project manager and database guru, Jason was our maps expert, and Romerl developed relevant questions and analyzed them using the variety of R-tools. Romerl also developed the analysis and summary documentation. However, all team members corrected each others work as needed in order to bring this project out to its successful conclusion.

Caveats

We have submitted a fully comprehensive project deliverable. However, hiccups occurred with this team project.

  • Jason lived in Japan and Soumya and I lived in the NYC area. There was a 12-hour difference in communicating. However, this did not affect our overall team performance.
  • In the last few days before project submission, we found that data from the database was storing longitude and latitude as integers rather than decimals with 2-3 places. This resulted in the points on our maps in this final RMD submission to look grid-like. While we could have worked on fixing the data, the bombing table itself composed of 178,281 rows.At this juncture, it was not feasible to correct this issue.
  • We imposed a strict limit to our presentation video to 6 minutes. Given that each one of us had a lot to say for our respective parts, we could have easily made a 20 minute video of our project.

Which are the most valued data science skills? Each of the individual team members come from different backgrounds and experiences. Each team member has his own individual strengths. As a team, the team members performed with elan. The team learned to trust each other and give generous input on what should be done for the next week. Soumya and Jason all wanted to accomplish more tasks for each week, but Romerl wanted to make sure that the group objectives were completed in a timely manner before the deadline. The team imposed deadlines on itself and that helped keep the project moving at a sustainable pace. The team is fortunate in that it had no personality issues or concerns and accomplished much from its inception. The team joked around in the beginning of the team meetings, but got down to the business of accomplishing its objectives. The team exhibited some excellent soft skills that are quite important not only in a data science team environment, but for any project team:

  • Trust in One Another. This is a very important characteristic. If not for trust, then the team could not accomplish what it can do given the current deadline.

  • Listen to One Another. The open feedback between team members was quite important. Not one individual dominated the conversation. Each team member contributed a solution that would be beneficial to the team and the project.

  • Capitalize on Each Other’s Strengths. A team member finds some way to do something, why not use it for our own indvidual activities? It definitely acknowledges that team member’s contributions but implementing it also gives the other team members new tools to work with in our data science journey.

  • Have Fun. This project was certainly fun. It was not a burden to develop a project solution. Each team member was happy to contribute something and to learn something new from his other team members.

  • Allow for Flexibility. - Between our different personalities, time difference, and the fact that we could only collaborate online, we had to allow for flexibility in determining responsibilities and executing our deliverables. This kept our team motivated throught the project development.

A snapshot of our activities are listed below:

  • Week 1 - 9/2/2018. Exploratory independent research to find out what data to use. Prepare individual findings for the group to discuss.
  • Week 2 - 9/9/2018. Determined that the WW2 Allied Bombing data would be the primary data source for the team. Identified research questions to ask about the data.
  • Week 3 - 9/16/2018. Soumya implemented the SQL scripts to upload the data to the team members’ own MySQL databases. Jason demonstrated interesting mapping output based on the bomb data. Romerl developed some questions that the data could perhaps answer.
  • Week 4 - 9/23/2018. Souyma, Jason, and Romerl continued to implement their own findings with the data.
  • Week 5 - 9/30/2018. Souyma, Jason, and Romerl continued to implement their own findings with the data.
  • Week 6 - 10/7/2018. Finalize outstanding tasks. Souyma continues to do final research on the project. Jason would incorporate Map findings into final RMD document. Romerl will develop the preface, analysis, and summary documentation for the RMD files. All team members develop Individual Presentation Videos of 2 minutes each.
  • Week 7 - 10/14/2018. Final touch-ups on project deliverables. Romerl merged all videos into one Master Video.
  • Week 8 - 10/21/2018. Submit project deliverables and all components.

The RMD document will begin by showing how the data was uploaded into a MySQL database and how it could easily be queried from that point forward. This section will also give step-by-step instructions on how to upload the data onto a MySQL database and how to generate a DSN connection to the database via Microsoft ODBC DSN. Next, some verification steps were executed to verify that the data can be queried easily, placed in data frames, and displayed using kable R package. Data Cleansing operations were executed to make the data useful for answering questions. The focus on this Project will be on the European and Pacific Theaters of Operations. However, some summary questions can be asked about the whole data set and this will be addressed. Using our combined knowledge of data cleansing, kable, tidy, dplyr, mapping technologies, etc. we developed some innovate answers to the following scenarios:

  • Display a graph summarizing the Theaters of Operations
  • Identifying the Target Countries by Mapping
  • Display a graph showing the Top 10 Countries by Total Allied Bombing Missions
  • Display a graph showing the Top 10 Countries by Total Bombing Tonnage
  • Display a graph showing the Timeline of Aerial Bombing Operations by Total Allied Bombing Missions
  • Data separation and cleansing of European (ETO) and Pacific (PTO) Theaters of Operations
  • Display a graph showing the allocation of bombers used in ETO and PTO
  • Display a graph showing the allocation of bombing tonnage used in ETO and PTO
  • Display a graph showing Top 10 ETO Countries based on bombing tonnage
  • Display a graph showing Top 10 PTO Countries based on bombing tonnage
  • Display graphs showing disperson of target countries for ETO and PTO by Total Allied Bombing Missions
  • Display a line chart showing distribution of Explosives by Theater over Time
  • Find out why the Philippines, an Allied country, not Japan, an Axis country, was the recipient of the most bombings in the PTO
  • Display a map showing mass bombings (greater than 500) during particular dates in the ETO
  • Display a map showing mass bombings (greater than 111) during particular dates in the PTO
  • Display a map showing bombings by target type in the ETO
  • Display a map showing bombings in the PTO
  • Display a map showing locations of the heaviest bombing in the PTO
  • Display a series of maps showing the progression of bombing advancement over a period of time on a specific target country in the PTO

Data Title: World War II Theater History of Operations (THOR) Data

Source: Data.World

Project Path

Data Summary:

Theater History of Operations (THOR), is a painstakingly cultivated database of historic aerial bombings from World War I through Vietnam. The value of THOR is immense, and has already proven useful in finding unexploded ordinance in Southeast Asia and improving Air Force combat tactics. This dataset combines digitized paper mission reports from WWII. It can be searched by date, conflict, geographic location and more than 60 other data elements to form a live-action sequence of the air war from 1939 to 1945. The records include U.S. and Royal Air Force data, as well as some Australian, New Zealand and South African air force missions.

Database Components:

This analysis involves a MySQL source database called ‘ww2analysis’. This database has 3 tables -

1. DimWeapon
2. DimAirCraft
3. AirBombingOps

Note: MySQL database software need to be installed in the local computer in order to successfully execute the R markdown code.

Below are the steps involved in preparing the MySQL DB environment necesaary for the R markdown code to run successfully -

Step 1. Run the DDL script mentioned below in order to create a database called ‘ww2analysis’ along with the necessary tables as mentioned above -

GitHub location:DDL Script

Step 2. Run the Bulk Data Load script to load necessary data into the database -

GitHub Location: Bulk Load Script

Note: All the source CSV data files are also available in the below mention location - GitHub Location: Source Data Files

Alternatively, MySQL Database dump files can also be loaded from below location in order to set up the database locally to analyze this data set -

GitHub Location: MySQL Dump Files

Step 3. Create a ODBC System DSN called ‘MySQL_WW2Analyis’ in the local machine with ‘ww2analysis’ as the default database with appropriate root credentials or with an appropriate user id having READ access to ‘ww2analysis’ database.

R Libraries:

Load necessary libraries -

Database Connection and Processing:

Use an ODBC data source called ‘MySQL_WW2Analyis’ in order to connect to the database.

  1. Import data into R:

Table 1: World War II Allied Air Crafts:

gloss_id aircraft name full_name aircraft_type hyperlink
1 A20 A20 Douglas A-20 Havoc Boston Light Bomber / Night-Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=186
2 A24 A24 Douglass A-24 Banshee Dive Bomber / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=491
3 A26 A26 Douglas A-26 Invader Medium Bomber / Heavy Assault http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=91
4 A36 A36 North American A-36 Apache (Invader) Ground Attack / Dive Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=687
5 ALBA Albacore Fairey Albacore Naval Torpedo Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1390
6 AUDA Audax Hawker Audax Biplane Light Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Hart
7 B17 FORT B-17 Flying Fortress Heavy Bomber http://boeing.com/history/products/b-17-flying-fortress.page
8 B24 Liberator B-24 Liberator Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=80
9 B25 B25 B-25 Mitchell Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=81
10 B26 B26 Martin B-26 Marauder Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=299
11 B29 B29 Boeing B-29 Superfortress “Strategic Long-Range, High-Altitude Heavy Bomber” http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=825
12 B32 B32 B-32 Dominator Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=655
13 BALT Baltimore Martin Baltimore Light / Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=264
14 BATT Fairey Battle Fairey Battle Light Bomber / Trainer http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=851
15 BEAU Beaufighter Bristol Beaufighter Heavy Fighter / Night-Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=135
16 BEAUF Beaufort Bristol Beaufort Torpedo Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=307
17 BLEN Blenheim Bristol Blenheim Light / Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=293
18 BOM Bombay Bristol Bombay Troop Transport / Medium Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Bombay
19 Catalina Catalina PBY Catalina Long-Range Maritime Patrol Flying Boat http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=318
20 F4U F4U Vought F4U Corsair Carrier-Based Fighter / Fighter-Bomber / Night Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=87
21 GLAD Gladiator Gloster Gladiator Biplane Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=624
22 HALI Halifax Handley Page Halifax Heavy Night Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=233
23 HAMP Hampden Handley Page HP.52 Hampden Medium Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handley_Page_Hampden
24 HAR Hawker Hardy Hawker Hardy Biplane Light Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Hart#Hardy
25 Hudson Hudson Lockheed Hudson Light Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson
26 HURR Hurricane Hawker Hurricane Fighter / Ground Attack http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=125
27 HVY Lancaster Avro Lancaster Heavy Bomber / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=234
28 JU86 Ju 86 Junkers Ju 86 Reconnaissance / Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=825
29 LYS Lysander Westland Lysander Liaison Aircraft http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westland_Lysander
30 MANC Manchester Avro Manchester Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=691
31 MARY Maryland Martin Maryland Light Bomber / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=485
32 MOHA Mohawk Curtiss P-36 Hawk (Hawk 75 / Mohawk) Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=155
33 P38 P38 Lockheed P-38 Lightning Heavy Fighter / Fighter-Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=74
34 P39 P39 Bell P-39 Airacobra Fighter / Fighter-Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=140
35 P40 P40 Curtiss P-40 Warhawk Fighter-Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=75
36 P400 P400 P-400 Airacobra (P-39 Airacobra) Fighter / Fighter-Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra#P-400
37 P47 P47 Republic P-47 Thunderbolt Fighter / Fighter-Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=76
38 P51 P51 North American P-51 Mustang Fighter / Fighter-Bomber / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=77
39 P61 P61 Northrop P-61 / F-61 Black Widow Night Fighter / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=78
40 P70 P70 Douglas P-70 Nighthawk Night-Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1214
41 PV-1 Ventura PV-1 Ventura PV-1 Lockeed Ventura Patrol Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockeed_Ventura
42 SBD SBD Dauntless Douglas SBD Dauntless Carrier-borne Dive Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=297
43 STIR Short Stirling Short Stirling Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=308
44 SUND Sunderland Short S25 Sunderland Long-Range Maritime / Reconnaissance Flying Boat http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=319
45 SWORD Swordfish Fairey Swordfish Torpedo Bomber / Anti-Submarine / Reconnaissance / Trainer http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=571
46 TBF Avenger TBF Avenger Grumman TBF Avenger Carrier-Borne Torpedo Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=300
47 TOM Tomahawk Curtis P-40 Tomahawk Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1433
48 VALE Valentia Vikers Valentia Bombing Transport / Cargo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_Type_264_Valentia
49 VENGEANCE (A31) VENGEANCE (A31) Vultee A-31 Vengeance Dive Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance
50 WELL WELLINGTON Vickers Wellington Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=295
51 WHIT WHITLEY Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=309
52 Wirraway Wirraway CAC Wirraway Multi-role Aircraft / Trainer http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=846

Table 2: World War II Weapons:

gloss_id aircraft name full_name aircraft_type hyperlink
1 A20 A20 Douglas A-20 Havoc Boston Light Bomber / Night-Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=186
2 A24 A24 Douglass A-24 Banshee Dive Bomber / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=491
3 A26 A26 Douglas A-26 Invader Medium Bomber / Heavy Assault http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=91
4 A36 A36 North American A-36 Apache (Invader) Ground Attack / Dive Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=687
5 ALBA Albacore Fairey Albacore Naval Torpedo Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1390
6 AUDA Audax Hawker Audax Biplane Light Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Hart
7 B17 FORT B-17 Flying Fortress Heavy Bomber http://boeing.com/history/products/b-17-flying-fortress.page
8 B24 Liberator B-24 Liberator Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=80
9 B25 B25 B-25 Mitchell Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=81
10 B26 B26 Martin B-26 Marauder Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=299
11 B29 B29 Boeing B-29 Superfortress “Strategic Long-Range, High-Altitude Heavy Bomber” http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=825
12 B32 B32 B-32 Dominator Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=655
13 BALT Baltimore Martin Baltimore Light / Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=264
14 BATT Fairey Battle Fairey Battle Light Bomber / Trainer http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=851
15 BEAU Beaufighter Bristol Beaufighter Heavy Fighter / Night-Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=135
16 BEAUF Beaufort Bristol Beaufort Torpedo Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=307
17 BLEN Blenheim Bristol Blenheim Light / Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=293
18 BOM Bombay Bristol Bombay Troop Transport / Medium Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Bombay
19 Catalina Catalina PBY Catalina Long-Range Maritime Patrol Flying Boat http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=318
20 F4U F4U Vought F4U Corsair Carrier-Based Fighter / Fighter-Bomber / Night Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=87
21 GLAD Gladiator Gloster Gladiator Biplane Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=624
22 HALI Halifax Handley Page Halifax Heavy Night Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=233
23 HAMP Hampden Handley Page HP.52 Hampden Medium Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handley_Page_Hampden
24 HAR Hawker Hardy Hawker Hardy Biplane Light Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Hart#Hardy
25 Hudson Hudson Lockheed Hudson Light Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson
26 HURR Hurricane Hawker Hurricane Fighter / Ground Attack http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=125
27 HVY Lancaster Avro Lancaster Heavy Bomber / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=234
28 JU86 Ju 86 Junkers Ju 86 Reconnaissance / Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=825
29 LYS Lysander Westland Lysander Liaison Aircraft http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westland_Lysander
30 MANC Manchester Avro Manchester Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=691
31 MARY Maryland Martin Maryland Light Bomber / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=485
32 MOHA Mohawk Curtiss P-36 Hawk (Hawk 75 / Mohawk) Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=155
33 P38 P38 Lockheed P-38 Lightning Heavy Fighter / Fighter-Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=74
34 P39 P39 Bell P-39 Airacobra Fighter / Fighter-Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=140
35 P40 P40 Curtiss P-40 Warhawk Fighter-Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=75
36 P400 P400 P-400 Airacobra (P-39 Airacobra) Fighter / Fighter-Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra#P-400
37 P47 P47 Republic P-47 Thunderbolt Fighter / Fighter-Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=76
38 P51 P51 North American P-51 Mustang Fighter / Fighter-Bomber / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=77
39 P61 P61 Northrop P-61 / F-61 Black Widow Night Fighter / Reconnaissance http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=78
40 P70 P70 Douglas P-70 Nighthawk Night-Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1214
41 PV-1 Ventura PV-1 Ventura PV-1 Lockeed Ventura Patrol Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockeed_Ventura
42 SBD SBD Dauntless Douglas SBD Dauntless Carrier-borne Dive Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=297
43 STIR Short Stirling Short Stirling Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=308
44 SUND Sunderland Short S25 Sunderland Long-Range Maritime / Reconnaissance Flying Boat http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=319
45 SWORD Swordfish Fairey Swordfish Torpedo Bomber / Anti-Submarine / Reconnaissance / Trainer http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=571
46 TBF Avenger TBF Avenger Grumman TBF Avenger Carrier-Borne Torpedo Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=300
47 TOM Tomahawk Curtis P-40 Tomahawk Fighter http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1433
48 VALE Valentia Vikers Valentia Bombing Transport / Cargo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_Type_264_Valentia
49 VENGEANCE (A31) VENGEANCE (A31) Vultee A-31 Vengeance Dive Bomber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance
50 WELL WELLINGTON Vickers Wellington Medium Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=295
51 WHIT WHITLEY Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Heavy Bomber http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=309
52 Wirraway Wirraway CAC Wirraway Multi-role Aircraft / Trainer http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=846

Table 3: World War II Aerial Bombing Missions:

## Observations: 178,281
## Variables: 62
## $ wwii_id                  <int> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12...
## $ master_index_number      <int> 0, 9366, 0, 0, 22585, 9349, 11287, 11...
## $ msndate                  <date> 1943-08-15, 1943-08-15, 1943-08-15, ...
## $ theater                  <fctr> MTO, PTO, MTO, MTO, PTO, PTO, PTO, P...
## $ naf                      <fctr> 12 AF, 5 AF, 12 AF, 12 AF, 5 AF, 5 A...
## $ country_flying_mission   <fctr> USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, U...
## $ tgt_country_code         <int> 13, 0, 13, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 13, 0,...
## $ tgt_country              <fctr> ITALY, NEW GUINEA, ITALY, ITALY, SUM...
## $ tgt_location             <fctr> SPADAFORA, KOMIATUM, COSENZA, GIOJA ...
## $ tgt_type                 <fctr> , RIDGE, , , VILLAGE, UNIDENTIFIED T...
## $ tgt_id                   <int> 40675, 0, 9630, 16140, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39...
## $ tgt_industry_code        <int> 650, 0, 810, 631, 0, 0, 0, 0, 830, 20...
## $ tgt_industry             <fctr> , , , , , , , , , ARMAMENT AND ORDNA...
## $ source_latitude          <fctr> 38.2166667, 710, 3916N, 3826N, 107, ...
## $ source_longitude         <dbl> 15.36667, 14700.00000, 1615.00000, 15...
## $ latitude                 <dbl> 38, -7, 39, 38, -1, -7, -7, -7, 38, 3...
## $ longitude                <dbl> 15, 147, 16, 16, 104, 147, 147, 147, ...
## $ unit_id                  <fctr> 27 FBG/86 FBG, 400 BS, 27 FBG/86 FBG...
## $ mds                      <fctr> A36, B24, A36, A36, B24, B24, B24, B...
## $ aircraft_name            <fctr> A36, B24, A36, A36, B24, B24, B24, B...
## $ msn_type                 <int> 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 12, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, ...
## $ tgt_priority             <int> NA, 1, NA, NA, 1, 1, 1, 1, NA, NA, 1,...
## $ tgt_priority_explanation <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , SECONDARY ...
## $ ac_attacking             <int> 0, 6, 0, 0, 6, 6, 1, 8, 0, 0, 6, 0, 5...
## $ altitude                 <int> 0, 44, 0, 0, 60, 35, 70, 40, 0, 0, 83...
## $ altitude_feet            <int> 0, 4400, 0, 0, 6000, 3500, 7000, 4000...
## $ number_of_he             <int> 40, 40, 36, 30, 16, 8, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0,...
## $ type_of_he               <fctr> 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64), 1000 LB GP (...
## $ lbs_he                   <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ tons_of_he               <int> 10, 20, 9, 8, 8, 4, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1,...
## $ number_of_ic             <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ type_of_ic               <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
## $ lbs_ic                   <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ tons_of_ic               <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ number_of_frag           <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ type_of_frag             <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
## $ lbs_frag                 <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ tons_of_frag             <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ total_lbs                <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ total_tons               <int> 10, 20, 9, 8, 8, 4, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1,...
## $ takeoff_base             <fctr> PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD, , PONTE OLIVO ...
## $ takeoff_country          <fctr> SICILY, , SICILY, SICILY, , , , , SI...
## $ takeoff_latitude         <int> 37, 0, 37, 37, 0, 0, 0, 0, 37, 37, 0,...
## $ takeoff_longitude        <int> 14, 0, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 14, 0,...
## $ ac_lost                  <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ ac_damaged               <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ ac_airborne              <int> 20, 0, 18, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ ac_dropping              <int> 20, 0, 36, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ time_over_target         <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N...
## $ sighting_method_code     <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N...
## $ sighting_explanation     <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
## $ bda                      <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
## $ callsign                 <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
## $ rounds_ammo              <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ spares_return_ac         <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ wx_fail_ac               <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ mech_fail_ac             <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ misc_fail_ac             <int> 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
## $ target_comment           <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
## $ mission_comments         <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
## $ source                   <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
## $ database_edit_comments   <fctr> , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ...
wwii_id master_index_number msndate theater naf country_flying_mission tgt_country_code tgt_country tgt_location tgt_type tgt_id tgt_industry_code tgt_industry source_latitude source_longitude latitude longitude unit_id mds aircraft_name msn_type tgt_priority tgt_priority_explanation ac_attacking altitude altitude_feet number_of_he type_of_he lbs_he tons_of_he number_of_ic type_of_ic lbs_ic tons_of_ic number_of_frag type_of_frag lbs_frag tons_of_frag total_lbs total_tons takeoff_base takeoff_country takeoff_latitude takeoff_longitude ac_lost ac_damaged ac_airborne ac_dropping time_over_target sighting_method_code sighting_explanation bda callsign rounds_ammo spares_return_ac wx_fail_ac mech_fail_ac misc_fail_ac target_comment mission_comments source database_edit_comments
1 0 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SPADAFORA 40675 650 38.2166667 15.36667 38 15 27 FBG/86 FBG A36 A36 0 NA 0 0 0 40 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD SICILY 37 14 0 0 20 20 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
2 9366 1943-08-15 PTO 5 AF USA 0 NEW GUINEA KOMIATUM RIDGE 0 0 710 14700.00000 -7 147 400 BS B24 B24 1 1 6 44 4400 40 1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65) 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY COSENZA 9630 810 3916N 1615.00000 39 16 27 FBG/86 FBG A36 A36 0 NA 0 0 0 36 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD SICILY 37 14 0 0 18 36 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY GIOJA TAURO 16140 631 3826N 1554.00000 38 16 27 FBG/86 FBG A36 A36 0 NA 0 0 0 30 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD SICILY 37 14 0 0 15 15 NA NA 0 0 0 0 1
5 22585 1943-08-15 PTO 5 AF USA 0 SUMATRA KILA VILLAGE 0 0 107 10353.00000 -1 104 321 BS B24 B24 1 1 6 60 6000 16 1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65) 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
6 9349 1943-08-15 PTO 5 AF USA 0 NEW GUINEA KDMIATUM UNIDENTIFIED TARGET 0 0 710 14700.00000 -7 147 319 BS B24 B24 1 1 6 35 3500 8 1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65) 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
7 11287 1943-08-15 PTO 5 AF USA 0 NEW GUINEA SALAMAUA UNIDENTIFIED TARGET 0 0 701 14707.00000 -7 147 400 BS B24 B24 12 1 1 70 7000 4 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
8 11326 1943-08-15 PTO 5 AF USA 0 NEW GUINEA SALAMAUA AIRDROME 0 0 701 14707.00000 -7 147 65 BS B17 B17 1 1 8 40 4000 4 1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SCILLA 39469 830 3814N 1543.00000 38 16 27 FBG/86 FBG A36 A36 0 NA 0 0 0 0 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD SICILY 37 14 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY GIOJA TAURO 16140 20 ARMAMENT AND ORDNANCE PLANTS 3826N 1554.00000 38 16 27 FBG/86 FBG A36 A36 0 NA 0 0 0 0 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD SICILY 37 14 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
11 37192 1943-08-15 CBI 10 AF USA 0 BURMA PORT BLAIR UNIDENTIFIELD TARGET 0 0 1141 9243.00000 12 93 436 BS B24 B24 2 1 6 83 8300 0 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
12 292817 1943-08-15 ETO RAF GREAT BRITAIN 8 GERMANY BERLIN CITY AREA 3735 2 CITIES TOWNS AND URBAN AREAS 5232 1325.00000 53 13 LGT LIGHT 0 NA 0 250 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
13 292818 1943-08-15 ETO RAF GREAT BRITAIN 8 GERMANY BERLIN CITY AREA 3735 2 CITIES TOWNS AND URBAN AREAS 5232 1325.00000 53 13 LGT LIGHT 0 NA 5 250 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 5 5 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
14 95435 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 2 SECONDARY TARGET 0 245 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
15 197541 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 2 SECONDARY TARGET 0 245 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
16 197560 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 2 SECONDARY TARGET 0 245 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
17 95429 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 240 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
18 197535 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 240 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
19 197555 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 240 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
20 95431 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 234 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
21 197537 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 234 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
22 197557 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 234 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
23 95434 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 230 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
24 197540 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 230 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
25 197559 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 230 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
26 95430 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
27 197536 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
28 197556 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE AMIENS AIRDROME 1063 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 4954 218.00000 50 2 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
29 197526 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 71 PORTS AND HARBORS 5124 332.00000 51 4 GB17 B17 0 2 SECONDARY TARGET 0 220 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
30 197528 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 71 PORTS AND HARBORS 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 2 SECONDARY TARGET 0 220 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
31 95427 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 220 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
32 197534 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 220 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
33 197553 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 220 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
34 95432 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 213 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
35 197538 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 213 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
36 197554 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 213 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
37 95422 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 210 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
38 95424 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 210 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
39 197529 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 210 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
40 197531 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 210 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
41 197548 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 210 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
42 197550 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 210 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
43 95437 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE LILLE AIRDROME 25077 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 304.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 209 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
44 197543 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE LILLE AIRDROME 25077 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 304.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 209 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
45 197547 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE LILLE AIRDROME 25077 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 304.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 209 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
46 95423 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
47 197530 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
48 197549 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE MERVILLE AIRDROME 27637 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5038 238.00000 51 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 200 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
49 95426 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 200 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
50 197533 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 200 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
51 197552 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 200 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
52 95433 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 198 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
53 197539 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 198 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
54 197558 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 198 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
55 95436 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 2 SECONDARY TARGET 0 186 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
56 197542 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 2 SECONDARY TARGET 0 186 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
57 197561 1943-08-15 ETO 11 HOLLAND OR NETHERLANDS FLUSHING 14129 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5124 332.00000 51 4 B17 B17 0 2 SECONDARY TARGET 0 186 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
58 292819 1943-08-15 ETO RAF GREAT BRITAIN 8 GERMANY DUSSELDORF CITY AREA 11714 2 CITIES TOWNS AND URBAN AREAS 5113 647.00000 51 7 HVY LANCASTER 0 NA 0 135 0 0 0 52 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
59 95413 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE ABBEVILLE 38 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 5006 150.00000 50 2 B26 B26 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 120 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
60 197519 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE ABBEVILLE 38 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 5006 150.00000 50 2 B26 B26 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 120 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
61 95421 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE ST OMER AIRDROME 41381 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5045 215.00000 51 2 B26 B26 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 100 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
62 197544 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE ST OMER AIRDROME 41381 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5045 215.00000 51 2 B26 B26 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 100 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
63 95425 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
64 197532 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
65 197551 1943-08-15 ETO 7 FRANCE VITRY EN ARTOIS AIRDROME 45581 78 AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES 5020 300.00000 50 3 B17 B17 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
66 95420 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY AGATA SHIPPING 210 73 SHIPS 3805 1438.00000 38 15 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
67 197527 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY AGATA SHIPPING 210 73 SHIPS 3805 1438.00000 38 15 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
68 95414 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY MESSINA ROAD 27689 65 HIGHWAYS AND VEHICLES 3811 1534.00000 38 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
69 197520 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY MESSINA ROAD 27689 65 HIGHWAYS AND VEHICLES 3811 1534.00000 38 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
70 95415 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SAPRI MARSHALL YARD 38357 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 4004 1538.00000 40 16 B26 B26 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
71 197521 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SAPRI MARSHALL YARD 38357 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 4004 1538.00000 40 16 B26 B26 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
72 95428 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY 37 20 N 014 00 E SUPPLIES 90064 83 SUPPLY DUMPS AND WAREHOUSES 3720 1400.00000 37 14 A20 A20 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
73 197545 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY 37 20 N 014 00 E SUPPLIES 90064 83 SUPPLY DUMPS AND WAREHOUSES 3720 1400.00000 37 14 A20 A20 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
74 197546 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY 37 20 N 014 00 E SUPPLIES 90064 83 SUPPLY DUMPS AND WAREHOUSES 3720 1400.00000 37 14 A20 A20 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 95 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
75 95416 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SIBARI MARSHALLING YARD 40038 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 3947 1628.00000 40 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 75 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
76 197522 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SIBARI MARSHALLING YARD 40038 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 3947 1628.00000 40 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 75 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
77 95417 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SIBARI MARSHALLING YARD 40038 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 3947 1628.00000 40 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 70 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
78 95418 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SIBARI MARSHALLING YARD 40038 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 3947 1628.00000 40 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 70 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
79 95419 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SIBARI MARSHALLING YARD 40038 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 3947 1628.00000 40 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 70 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
80 197523 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SIBARI MARSHALLING YARD 40038 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 3947 1628.00000 40 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 70 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
81 197524 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SIBARI MARSHALLING YARD 40038 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 3947 1628.00000 40 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 70 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
82 197525 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY SIBARI MARSHALLING YARD 40038 63 “RR INSTALLATIONS, TRACKS, MARSHALLING YARDS, AND STATIONS” 3947 1628.00000 40 16 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 70 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
83 292820 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY MILAN CITY AREA 28049 2 CITIES TOWNS AND URBAN AREAS 4527 909.00000 45 9 HVY LANCASTER 0 NA 0 0 0 0 0 82 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
84 292821 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY MILAN CITY AREA 28049 2 CITIES TOWNS AND URBAN AREAS 4527 909.00000 45 9 HVY LANCASTER 0 NA 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 84 0 0 0 0 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
85 292822 1943-08-15 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY MILAN CITY AREA 28049 2 CITIES TOWNS AND URBAN AREAS 4527 909.00000 45 9 HVY LANCASTER 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 93 0 0 0 0 302 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 302 0 0 0 0 93 93 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
86 197564 1943-08-15 8 AF USA 99 UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED 44333 1 UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS NA 0 0 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 100 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
87 292825 1943-08-15 8 AF USA 99 UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED 44333 1 UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS NA 0 0 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 100 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
88 197565 1943-08-15 8 AF USA 99 UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED 44333 1 UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS NA 0 0 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 90 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
89 292826 1943-08-15 8 AF USA 99 UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED 44333 1 UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS NA 0 0 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 90 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
90 197562 1943-08-15 8 AF USA 99 UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED 44333 1 UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS NA 0 0 A20 A20 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 85 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
91 292823 1943-08-15 8 AF USA 99 UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED 44333 1 UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS NA 0 0 A20 A20 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 85 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
92 197563 1943-08-15 8 AF USA 99 UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED 44333 1 UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS NA 0 0 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
93 292824 1943-08-15 8 AF USA 99 UNKNOWN OR NOT INDICATED UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTIFIED 44333 1 UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS NA 0 0 B25 B25 0 1 PRIMARY TARGET 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 9 0 0 0 0 0
94 3647 1943-08-15 PTO 5 AF USA 0 CORAL SEA AREA ARAWE UNIDENTIFIED TARGET 0 0 610 14904.00000 -6 149 63 BS B17 B17 1 1 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 4 LB INCENDIARY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
95 45988 1943-08-15 PTO 13 AF USA 0 SOLOMON ISLANDS IGHITI SUPPLY AREAS 0 0 734 15843.00000 -8 159 75 BS B25 B25 1 1 11 10 64 0 250 LB GP (GP-M57) 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
96 0 1943-08-16 MTO 12 AF USA 13 ITALY VILLA SAN GIOVANNI 45319 830 3812N 1539.00000 38 16 27 FBG/86 FBG A36 A36 0 NA 0 0 0 64 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 PONTE OLIVO AIRFIELD SICILY 37 14 0 0 32 32 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
97 46767 1943-08-16 PTO 13 AF USA 0 SOLOMON ISLANDS REKATA BAY UNIDENTIFIED TARGET 0 0 734 15841.00000 -8 159 424 BS B24 B24 1 2 3 130 13000 60 100 LB GP (GP-M30) 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
98 30980 1943-08-16 CBI 10 AF USA 0 BURMA KETKA ROLLING STOCK 0 0 2210 9555.00000 22 96 22 BS B25 B25 1 1 8 120 12000 40 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
99 23877 1943-08-16 PTO 5 AF USA 0 BORNEO BALIK PAPAN UNIDENTIFIED TARGET 0 0 115 11650.00000 -1 117 529 BS B24 B24 1 1 3 15 1500 20 500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0
100 45789 1943-08-16 PTO 13 AF USA 0 SOLOMON ISLANDS BUKA AIRDROME 0 0 525 15442.00000 -5 155 424 BS B24 B24 1 1 1 180 18000 20 100 LB GP (GP-M30) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0

Data Cleasing Operations:

  1. Focus on selective fields useful for further analysis by removing highly sparsed columns:

Analysis: The main WW2 data frame extracted from the database contained a lot of information. Because of the limited scope of the project, it was decided that we excluded 22 columns from the data frame. Many of these columns were composed of blank data and some contained data that was not useful for this project. Upon cleaning the data we decided to add additional fields such as theater_name, Mission_Month, and Mission_Year as they would be important for further investigation of the data.

Global Summary View of World War II Aerial Bombing Operations

  1. Summarizing the data by Theater of Operations:

European (ETO), Pacific (PTO). and Mediterranean (MTO) Theaters are the major theaters where aerial bombing operations were conducted. We have decided to focus on two primary theaters of operations ETO and PTO for further analysis.

Analysis: It was important to show a summary view of a percentage of total bombing missions by Theater of Operations by showing a horizontal Bar Chart. The graph shows that the European Theater encompasses the most bombing missions at 53.8% as compared to the rest of the theaters. Pacific and Mediterranean Theaters occupy a distant 2nd and 3rd respectively at 20.3% and 17.1%.

  1. Target Countries of WW II Aerial Bombing Operations -

Analysis: From a different perspective, we wanted to show Total Aerial Bombing Missions by Target Countries using the ggplot’s map technology. The resulting map shows the entire world minus Antarctica and colors the individual countries with a shade of red depending on the severity of the bombing. Based on the map, you can see that Germany has the deepest shade of red indicating that it was the receiver of the most bombings. The map is very informative from this aspect.

  1. Top 10 Countries on no. aerial bombing operations

Analysis: Using the data thus far, we used dplyr to summarize and rank the total number of missions by target country. To avoid clutteriness of the data, we only ranked the top 10 countries by total bombing missions executed against them. We displayed the results on a bar chart. As indicated in the previous map, Germany received more than 60,000 bombing missions and the next 2 countries Italy and France received approximately one-third of those bombing missions.

  1. Top 10 Countries based on no. total tons of explosives dropped:

Analysis: We used dplyr to summarize and rank the total bombing tonnage by target country. To avoid clutteriness of the data, we only ranked the top 10 countries by total bombing tonnage executed against them. We displayed the results on a bar chart. Similar to the previous bar chart, Germany, France, and Italy received the most bombing tonnage. Unlike the previous bar chart, it appears that France received half the bombing tonnage than that of Germany. France may have less than one-third of bombing missions than that of Germany, but it still received half the bombing tonnage than that of Germany.

  1. Timeline of Aerial Bombing Operations:

Analysis: Using dplyr to group the mission months for all WW2 missions, we developed a Bar-based timeline chart that shows the total number of bombs by month from the beginning to the end of World War 2. A dramatic increase in bombing missions starts on October 1943 and reaches its first maximum point in June 1944 and reaches its highest maximum point in April 1945. June 1944 could be an obvious choice as Allied Bombings increased substantially prior to D-Day, June 6, 1944, the Allied invasion of France. Moreover, several bombing missions were executed after D-Day to support the Allied breakout of the Normandy invasion area. April 1945 could be associated with the Allied bombing of major infrastructures in Germany. By this time, the Allied armies are in Germany ready to finish off its opponent. What is interesting to note by observing this chart, that bombing missions still occurred after World War 2 ended in September 1945. Observe some Allied bombings occurring in December 1945.

European Vs. Pacific Theaters of Operations:

We wanted to focus our analysis towards the two most important theaters of actions.

  1. Separating data frame into two theaters: European and Pacific

8-A. Summmary for ETO Data Frame

##     wwii_id       master_index_number    msndate          
##  Min.   :    12   Min.   :     0      Min.   :1939-09-03  
##  1st Qu.: 44684   1st Qu.:162739      1st Qu.:1943-08-17  
##  Median : 83167   Median :189418      Median :1944-07-21  
##  Mean   : 85840   Mean   :198821      Mean   :1943-12-27  
##  3rd Qu.:126324   3rd Qu.:275061      3rd Qu.:1944-12-18  
##  Max.   :178655   Max.   :699610      Max.   :1945-05-13  
##                                                           
##    theater               naf          country_flying_mission
##  Length:95827              :44276                :44276     
##  Class :character   RAF    :27929   AUSTRALIA    :    0     
##  Mode  :character   8 AF   : 9444   GREAT BRITAIN:27929     
##                     9 AF   : 6057   NEW ZEALAND  :    0     
##                     15 AF  : 5761   SOUTH AFRICA :    0     
##                     12 AF  : 1830   USA          :23622     
##                     (Other):  530                           
##  tgt_country        tgt_location                      tgt_type    
##  Length:95827       Length:95827                          :23194  
##  Class :character   Class :character   CITY AREA          :17230  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   AIRDROME           : 9172  
##                                        MARSHALLING YARD   : 3783  
##                                        UNIENTIFIED TARGET : 2402  
##                                        UNIDENTIFIED TARGET: 2066  
##                                        (Other)            :37980  
##                                                          tgt_industry  
##  CITIES TOWNS AND URBAN AREAS                                  :19664  
##  AIR FIELDS AND AIRDROMES                                      :13540  
##  "RR INSTALLATIONS,  TRACKS,  MARSHALLING YARDS,  AND STATIONS":12869  
##  UNIDENTIFIED TARGETS                                          : 6540  
##  TACTICAL TARGETS: (UNIDENTIFIED OR NOT LISTED BELOW)          : 3635  
##  SYNTHETIC OIL REFINERIES                                      : 3490  
##  (Other)                                                       :36089  
##     latitude        longitude            unit_id         aircraft_name  
##  Min.   :  0.00   Min.   :  -5.000           :95651   B17       :37624  
##  1st Qu.: 49.00   1st Qu.:   4.000   211 SQDN:   43   B24       :18105  
##  Median : 51.00   Median :   8.000   84 SQDN :   25   B26       : 8707  
##  Mean   : 48.03   Mean   :   8.502   205 GP  :   20   LANCASTER : 6133  
##  3rd Qu.: 52.00   3rd Qu.:  10.000   10 SQ   :   19   WELLINGTON: 5640  
##  Max.   :101.00   Max.   :1001.000   30 SQDN :   18   LIGHT     : 3673  
##                                      (Other) :   51   (Other)   :15945  
##     msn_type  tgt_priority            tgt_priority_explanation
##  Min.   :0   Min.   :0.00                         :37837      
##  1st Qu.:0   1st Qu.:1.00    PRIMARY TARGET       :37332      
##  Median :0   Median :1.00    SECONDARY TARGET     :10365      
##  Mean   :0   Mean   :1.56    TARGET OF LAST RESORT: 2114      
##  3rd Qu.:0   3rd Qu.:2.00    TARGET OF OPPORTUNITY: 8179      
##  Max.   :0   Max.   :9.00                                     
##              NA's   :37318                                    
##   ac_attacking       altitude     altitude_feet    number_of_he     
##  Min.   :  0.00   Min.   :  0.0   Min.   :    0   Min.   :0.00e+00  
##  1st Qu.:  0.00   1st Qu.:  0.0   1st Qu.:    0   1st Qu.:0.00e+00  
##  Median :  1.00   Median :120.0   Median :    0   Median :0.00e+00  
##  Mean   :  7.56   Mean   :118.2   Mean   : 2759   Mean   :2.09e-04  
##  3rd Qu.: 12.00   3rd Qu.:230.0   3rd Qu.:    0   3rd Qu.:0.00e+00  
##  Max.   :313.00   Max.   :465.0   Max.   :46500   Max.   :1.20e+01  
##                                                                     
##                    type_of_he        lbs_he    tons_of_he    
##                         :95824   Min.   :0   Min.   :  0.00  
##  500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) :    3   1st Qu.:0   1st Qu.:  1.00  
##  0                      :    0   Median :0   Median : 12.00  
##  100 LB GP (GP-M30)     :    0   Mean   :0   Mean   : 27.26  
##  1000 LB AP (AP-MK 33)  :    0   3rd Qu.:0   3rd Qu.: 33.00  
##  1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65):    0   Max.   :0   Max.   :999.00  
##  (Other)                :    0                               
##   number_of_ic                            type_of_ic        lbs_ic 
##  Min.   :0                                     :95827   Min.   :0  
##  1st Qu.:0     10 LB INCENDIARY                :    0   1st Qu.:0  
##  Median :0     100 LB INCENDIARY               :    0   Median :0  
##  Mean   :0     100 LB WP (WHITE PHOSPHROUS)    :    0   Mean   :0  
##  3rd Qu.:0     1000 LB AUX FUEL TANK INCENDIARY:    0   3rd Qu.:0  
##  Max.   :0     110 LB  INCENDIARY              :    0   Max.   :0  
##                (Other)                         :    0              
##    tons_of_ic      number_of_frag                      type_of_frag  
##  Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :0                                 :95827  
##  1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:0      0                          :    0  
##  Median :  0.000   Median :0      120 LB FRAG (6X20 CLUSTERS):    0  
##  Mean   :  4.455   Mean   :0      15 KG CHINESE              :    0  
##  3rd Qu.:  0.000   3rd Qu.:0      17 KG CHINESE              :    0  
##  Max.   :999.000   Max.   :0      20 LB FRAG                 :    0  
##                                   (Other)                    :    0  
##     lbs_frag  tons_of_frag       total_lbs   total_tons    
##  Min.   :0   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :0   Min.   :  0.00  
##  1st Qu.:0   1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:0   1st Qu.:  2.00  
##  Median :0   Median :  0.000   Median :0   Median : 20.00  
##  Mean   :0   Mean   :  1.034   Mean   :0   Mean   : 32.73  
##  3rd Qu.:0   3rd Qu.:  0.000   3rd Qu.:0   3rd Qu.: 38.00  
##  Max.   :0   Max.   :440.000   Max.   :0   Max.   :999.00  
##                                                            
##                takeoff_base    takeoff_country     ac_lost        
##                      :95763            :95763   Min.   :0.00e+00  
##  "TORTORELLA, FOGGIA":   20   ENGLAND  :   41   1st Qu.:0.00e+00  
##  DISHFORTH           :   19   ITALY    :   22   Median :0.00e+00  
##  LINTON-ON-OUSE      :   12   CORSICA  :    1   Mean   :5.74e-04  
##  RAF HONINGTON       :    4   AUSTRALIA:    0   3rd Qu.:0.00e+00  
##  PORETTA AIRFIELD    :    2   BORNEO   :    0   Max.   :1.20e+01  
##  (Other)             :    7   (Other)  :    0                     
##    ac_damaged        ac_airborne       ac_dropping     theater_name      
##  Min.   :0.00e+00   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :  0.00   Length:95827      
##  1st Qu.:0.00e+00   1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:  0.00   Class :character  
##  Median :0.00e+00   Median :  1.000   Median :  1.00   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :1.04e-05   Mean   :  7.555   Mean   :  7.56                     
##  3rd Qu.:0.00e+00   3rd Qu.: 12.000   3rd Qu.: 12.00                     
##  Max.   :1.00e+00   Max.   :313.000   Max.   :313.00                     
##                                                                          
##  Mission_Month      Mission_Year      
##  Length:95827       Length:95827      
##  Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##                                       
##                                       
##                                       
##

8-B. Summmary for PTO Data Frame

##     wwii_id       master_index_number    msndate          
##  Min.   :     2   Min.   :     0      Min.   :1941-12-10  
##  1st Qu.: 49975   1st Qu.:  6330      1st Qu.:1944-05-01  
##  Median :111279   Median : 17403      Median :1944-11-04  
##  Mean   : 97625   Mean   : 22006      Mean   :1944-09-17  
##  3rd Qu.:139170   3rd Qu.: 39590      3rd Qu.:1945-04-12  
##  Max.   :178741   Max.   :402344      Max.   :1945-12-31  
##                                                           
##    theater               naf          country_flying_mission
##  Length:36192       5 AF   :18641                :    0     
##  Class :character   13 AF  : 6645   AUSTRALIA    :  312     
##  Mode  :character   7 AF   : 6481   GREAT BRITAIN:    0     
##                     20 AF  : 2390   NEW ZEALAND  :  633     
##                     RNZAF  :  633   SOUTH AFRICA :    0     
##                     14 AF  :  609   USA          :35247     
##                     (Other):  793                           
##  tgt_country        tgt_location                      tgt_type    
##  Length:36192       Length:36192       UNIDENTIFIED TARGET: 9661  
##  Class :character   Class :character   AIRDROME           : 5338  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   TOWN               : 1479  
##                                        AIRFIELD           : 1247  
##                                        URBAN AREA         : 1223  
##                                        AREA               : 1148  
##                                        (Other)            :16096  
##                                                                                                                     tgt_industry  
##                                                                                                                           :36192  
##  "IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTION FACILITIES,  BLAST FURNACES,  BOILER SHOPS,  FORGES,  FOUNDRIES, STEEL WORKS,  ROLLING-MILLS ":    0  
##  "PUBLIC UTILITIES - ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANIES,  GAS COMPANIES, TELEPHONE COMPANIES,  WATER COMPANIES.  "        :    0  
##  "RR INSTALLATIONS,  TRACKS,  MARSHALLING YARDS,  AND STATIONS"                                                           :    0  
##  "TUGS,  BARGES,  AND SAMPANS  "                                                                                          :    0  
##  A/C COMPONENT PLANTS                                                                                                     :    0  
##  (Other)                                                                                                                  :    0  
##     latitude         longitude         unit_id      aircraft_name  
##  Min.   :-37.000   Min.   :-179.0   868 BS :  659   B24    :13375  
##  1st Qu.: -4.000   1st Qu.: 122.0   42 BG  :  644   B25    : 6335  
##  Median :  6.000   Median : 134.0   64 BS  :  636   A20    : 3473  
##  Mean   :  7.927   Mean   : 134.8   65 BS  :  611   P38    : 2644  
##  3rd Qu.: 17.000   3rd Qu.: 146.0   321 BS :  602   B29    : 2390  
##  Max.   : 53.000   Max.   : 180.0   320 BS :  588   P47    : 2318  
##                                     (Other):32452   (Other): 5657  
##     msn_type       tgt_priority           tgt_priority_explanation
##  Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :0.00                        :36192      
##  1st Qu.: 1.000   1st Qu.:1.00   PRIMARY TARGET       :    0      
##  Median : 1.000   Median :1.00   SECONDARY TARGET     :    0      
##  Mean   : 5.232   Mean   :1.61   TARGET OF LAST RESORT:    0      
##  3rd Qu.:10.000   3rd Qu.:1.00   TARGET OF OPPORTUNITY:    0      
##  Max.   :99.000   Max.   :9.00                                    
##                   NA's   :1618                                    
##   ac_attacking        altitude        altitude_feet    number_of_he    
##  Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :    0.00   Min.   :    0   Min.   :   0.00  
##  1st Qu.:  2.000   1st Qu.:    1.00   1st Qu.:   40   1st Qu.:   0.00  
##  Median :  5.000   Median :   50.00   Median : 2000   Median :   8.00  
##  Mean   :  6.227   Mean   :   60.47   Mean   : 5029   Mean   :  26.01  
##  3rd Qu.:  8.000   3rd Qu.:  100.00   3rd Qu.: 9000   3rd Qu.:  30.00  
##  Max.   :152.000   Max.   :40000.00   Max.   :70000   Max.   :2840.00  
##                                                                        
##                    type_of_he        lbs_he           tons_of_he       
##  500 LB GP (GP-M43/M64) :12823   Min.   :     0.0   Min.   :    0.000  
##  1000 LB GP (GP-M44/M65): 6064   1st Qu.:     0.0   1st Qu.:    1.000  
##                         : 5850   Median :     0.0   Median :    3.000  
##  250 LB GP (GP-M57)     : 5323   Mean   :   307.2   Mean   :    8.151  
##  100 LB GP (GP-M30)     : 4517   3rd Qu.:     0.0   3rd Qu.:    8.000  
##  2000 LB GP (GP-M34/M66):  595   Max.   :112000.0   Max.   :20000.000  
##  (Other)                : 1020                                         
##   number_of_ic                               type_of_ic   
##  Min.   :   0.0                                   :31986  
##  1st Qu.:   0.0   1000 LB AUX FUEL TANK INCENDIARY:  849  
##  Median :   0.0   100 LB INCENDIARY               :  838  
##  Mean   :  10.3   500 LB INCENDIARY               :  691  
##  3rd Qu.:   0.0   400 LB INCENDIARY               :  287  
##  Max.   :4875.0   440 LB (110X4 CLUSTERS) I-M17   :  230  
##                   (Other)                         : 1311  
##      lbs_ic           tons_of_ic      number_of_frag   
##  Min.   :     0.0   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :   0.00  
##  1st Qu.:     0.0   1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:   0.00  
##  Median :     0.0   Median :  0.000   Median :   0.00  
##  Mean   :   192.9   Mean   :  3.125   Mean   :  14.41  
##  3rd Qu.:     0.0   3rd Qu.:  0.000   3rd Qu.:   0.00  
##  Max.   :420000.0   Max.   :999.000   Max.   :1700.00  
##                                                        
##                        type_of_frag      lbs_frag        
##                              :32099   Min.   :    0.000  
##  120 LB FRAG (6X20 CLUSTERS) : 1468   1st Qu.:    0.000  
##  260 LB FRAG                 : 1085   Median :    0.000  
##  23 LB FRAG                  :  440   Mean   :    8.983  
##  20 LB FRAG                  :  391   3rd Qu.:    0.000  
##  400 LB FRAG (20X20 CLUSTERS):  333   Max.   :20640.000  
##  (Other)                     :  376                      
##   tons_of_frag       total_lbs          total_tons      
##  Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :     0.0   Min.   :    0.00  
##  1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:     0.0   1st Qu.:    2.00  
##  Median :  0.000   Median :     0.0   Median :    5.00  
##  Mean   :  0.778   Mean   :   325.1   Mean   :   11.92  
##  3rd Qu.:  0.000   3rd Qu.:     0.0   3rd Qu.:   10.00  
##  Max.   :455.000   Max.   :112000.0   Max.   :20000.00  
##                                                         
##               takeoff_base          takeoff_country     ac_lost 
##                     :35656                  :35661   Min.   :0  
##  CAIRNS             :   96   AUSTRALIA      :  249   1st Qu.:0  
##  BOUGAINVILLE ISLAND:   65   SOLOMON ISLANDS:   81   Median :0  
##  BATCHELOR FIELD    :   52   USA            :   71   Mean   :0  
##  USS HORNET         :   50   INDONESIA      :   51   3rd Qu.:0  
##  HUGHES             :   43   NEW GUINEA     :   36   Max.   :0  
##  (Other)            :  230   (Other)        :   43              
##    ac_damaged  ac_airborne        ac_dropping       theater_name      
##  Min.   :0    Min.   : 0.00000   Min.   : 0.00000   Length:36192      
##  1st Qu.:0    1st Qu.: 0.00000   1st Qu.: 0.00000   Class :character  
##  Median :0    Median : 0.00000   Median : 0.00000   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :0    Mean   : 0.06794   Mean   : 0.04026                     
##  3rd Qu.:0    3rd Qu.: 0.00000   3rd Qu.: 0.00000                     
##  Max.   :0    Max.   :23.00000   Max.   :22.00000                     
##                                                                       
##  Mission_Month      Mission_Year      
##  Length:36192       Length:36192      
##  Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##                                       
##                                       
##                                       
##
  1. Interesting Questions about Data:

9-A. What are the allocation of bombers used in ETO and PTO?

European Theater:

Analysis: Using the ETO data frame, we wanted to find out the Number of Allied of Missions by Bomber Type. This was useful because it showed what was the dominating aircraft used in the ETO missions. Based on the bar chart, we see that the United States of America had a majority share of the bombing missions if you just look at the aircraft type alone. The top 3 mission counts by Aircraft Type are B17, B24, and B26 respectively and these aircraft types are American.

Pacific Theater:

Analysis: Using the PTO data frame, we wanted to find out the Number of Allied of Missions by Bomber Type. This was useful because it showed what was the dominating aircraft used in the ETO missions. Based on the bar chart, we see that the United States of America had a monopoly of missions in the PTO. The majority of aircraft types in the PTO is American-made.

9-B.What are the allocation of tons of explosives of target countries in ETO and PTO?

European Theater:

Analysis: We used dplyr to summarize and rank the total bombing tonnage by target country for ETO only. To avoid clutteriness of the data, we only ranked the top 10 countries by total bombing tonnage executed against them. We displayed the results on a bar chart. Now things get interesting here. In the previous chart showing all total bombing tonnage by target countries, Germany, France, and Italy occupy the top 3 slots. However, in this chart, Germany, France, and Austria occupy the top 3 slots. What happened to Italy? Italy is in Europe. It turns out that the authors of the WW2 bombing data put Italy in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO). This certainly skews the data somewhat.

Pacific Theater:

Analysis: We used dplyr to summarize and rank the total bombing tonnage by target country for PTO only. To avoid clutteriness of the data, we only ranked the top 10 countries by total bombing tonnage executed against them. We displayed the results on a bar chart. As expected, Japan, an Axis country, is the recipient of the most bombing tonnage at 183,752. However, the Philippines, an Allied country occupied by Japan, is the recipient of the second most bombing tonnage at 62,679. Why is that? We will explain this later as we drill down to the Philippines.

9-C. What is the dispersion of target countries for either ETO and PTO?

European Theater:

Analysis: We used dplyr to summarize and rank the total bombing missions by target country for ETO only. We displayed the results on a bar chart. Now things get interesting here. In the previous chart showing all total bombing missions by target countries, Germany, France, and Italy occupy the top 3 slots. However, in this chart, Germany, France, and Austria occupy the top 3 slots. What happened to Italy? Italy is in Europe. It turns out that the authors of the WW2 bombing data put Italy in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO). This certainly skews the data somewhat.

Pacific Theater:

Analysis: We used dplyr to summarize and rank the total bombing missions by target country for PTO only. We displayed the results on a bar chart. We expected Japan, an Axis country, to be the recipient of the most bombing missions. However, Japan is ranked 5. The Philippines is ranked 1st with the most bombing missions at 8180. Interesting Observation: in terms of bombing tonnage, Japan ranks higher than the Philippines, but in terms of bombing missions, the Philippines ranks higher than Japan.

  1. Does bombing tonnage increase for a specific period and for what theater?

All Theaters:

Analysis: We used dplyr to summarize and rank the total bombing tonnage by month for all theaters. We displayed the results on a line chart. Based on the observations, we see that ETO bombing tonnage starts to become higher than all other theaters in March 1943. However, from November 1943 to April 1945, ETO bombing tonnage grows from less than 50,000 tons to greater than 300,000 tons. This certainly correlates with a step-up in Allied intervention in the ETO during that time period. The PTO bombing tonnage only starts to increase in November 1944 to its peak in August 1945. The PTO bombing tonnage for that time period went from approximately 6,000 tons to 60,000 tons. The PTO tonnage is substantially smaller than the ETO tonnage. Only the MTO bombing tonnage can compete with that of the PTO bombing tonnage. The MTO bombing tonnage has two peaks, one in May 1944 and the other in April 1945. Both periods had approximately 50,000 tons.

  1. As expected in ETO operations, Germany was the target country with the largest number of bombing missions. However, according to the PTO data, the Philippines was the target country with the largest number of bombing missions. Japan, an Axis opponent, had been the recipient of less than half of that of the Philippines. Why?

Analysis: In this analysis, we wanted to focus exclusively in the Philippines. The Philippines has a greater number of bombing missions than that of Japan, an Axis country. We wanted to find out why. The best way to analyze this was to divide the total bombing missions by mission month. By using dplyr to sort the Philippine data by mission month, we could plot the results on a bar chart and see how and why the Philippines was the recipient of more bombing missions than Japan. We see in the timeline, the number of bombing missions starts to increase substantially starting on October 1944 and peaks for three consecutive months (March to May 1945). By looking at a list of battles in the Philippines during that time period, the uptick in bombing missions coincided with the preparations for the invasion of the Philippines by the United States. The Philippines was a territory of the United States and it was occupied by Japan at the beginning of the war. Wikipedia lists 15 battles in the Philippines from October 1944 and May 1945. During this time period, the United States successfully invaded and occupied the Philippines. Based on this observation, it could be concluded that Allied bombing precede or support a battle or raid. We will analyze this more when we show a map of bombings on specific dates.

  1. Mass Bomb dates (bombings greater than 500) for ETO are 12/24/1944, 3/24/1945, 3/22/1945, and 6/6/1944. Why? Notice that Pre-Day bombardment dates are not Mass Bomb dates. Why?

Analysis: On our initial summary of the WW2 bombing data, there were some interesting points in the data. It was found that during specific dates in the ETO: 6/6/1944, 12/24/1944, 3/22/1945, and 3/24/1945, there were greater than 500 bombing missions occurring on each of those dates. We wanted to find out why and where the bombings occuring during those dates. By subsetting the data to only include those dates, we wanted to include them in a map and find out their locations. We colored each date with a specific color and found some interesting results:

  1. Mass Bomb dates (bombings greater than 111) for PTO are 6/21, 5/13, 6/4, 3/13, 2/14, and 4/25 1945. Notice that the number of bombing missions for these dates are 1/4 the number than that of the ETO. Also, all mass bomb dates occurred in 1945. Why?

Analysis: On our initial summary of the WW2 bombing data, there were some interesting points in the data. It was found that during specific dates in the PTO: 2/14/1945, 3/13/1945, 4/25/1945, 5/13/1945, 6/4/1945, and 6/21/1945, there were greater than 111 bombing missions occurring on each of those dates. We wanted to find out why and where the bombings occuring during those dates. By subsetting the data to only include those dates, we wanted to include them in a map and find out their locations. We colored each date with a specific color and found some interesting results.

Map-Specific Questions of the Data

Related questions to initial questions indicated above, some map-specific questions were found to be intriguing:

1.) What sorts of places were bombed in the European Theater?

2.) What was bombing like in the Pacific Theater?

3.) How can we look at the locations of the heaviest bombings in the Pacific?

4.) How can we see the progression of bombing advancement and targeting?

We have countries and coordinates, but no real way of seeing what was happening. If we map the locations, we can see the story of the bombings unfold.

  1. What sorts of places were bombed in the European Theater?

First, what sorts of targets were bombed in Europe? The most numerous types of targets were airfields and related facilities, cities, oil production and storage, and railroad facilities. We can take a look at some of the most heavily bombed cities in the war and the targets around them.

Analysis: By looking at this map, we can see the major cities occupied were bombed heavily, additionally, airbases that could hit Britain were targeted. Dresden and Hamburg were both hit heavily with firebombing, although strategically around them, the only targets were oil production facilities.

  1. What was bombing like in the Pacific Theater?

In the Pacific, as the other two showed, the most heavily bombed country was the Philippines, not Japan. What becomes interesting is not the types of targets, but when they occured and how many bombs were dropped.

First, we can get an overview of the bombing in the Pacific.As you can see, bombings occurred all over the Pacific theater.

  1. How can we look at the locations of the heaviest bombings in the Pacific?

The outlines of the Philippines are essentially completely covered by the bombing locations. Zooming in on the Philippines, we can now check the most heavily bombed targets. The larger the circles, the bombings are more frequent. The smaller the circles, the bombings are less frequent. As you can observe, the city Manily received special attention during the bombing campaign.

This shows us that the area around Manila was incredibly heavily bombed, but does not tell us when.

  1. How can we see the progression of bombing advancement and targetting?

We can finally look at the progression of American bombing during the war. As you can see from the maps below, bombings start to proliferate in the years 1944 and 1945.

References

[BOM] Bombing of Tokyo and Other Cities. Retrieved from website: https://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=217

[FRE] French Indochina in World War II. Retried from website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II

[LIS] List of Air Operations during the Battle of Europe. Retrieved from website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe

[MIL] Military History of the Philippines during World War II. Retrieved from website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II

[NET] Netherlands in World War II. Retrieved from website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#Liberation