• Test ability to create PDF
  
• Develop skills to create and format 1-page PDF document
  
• Build your own PDF

• Create a 1-page PDF document
  • Include a title
  • Include at least 1 chart
  • Include at least 1 table
  • Submit the 1-page PDF to me by email on or before October 22, 2018

• Markdown is ‘an authoring framework for data science’
• Multiple markdown languages exist
• We will use R Markdown
  
• R Markdown files integrate well with HTML, CSS, Pandoc Markdown, and Latex
• We will use a little Latex to make PDF writing easier
• For our purposes, knitr is a button at the top of the R Studio window that compiles your document
  • knitr is magical and so much more than just a button
• Resources
  • Template
  • My 1-pager
  • R Markdown Cheatsheet

• Open a new .Rmd file (File > New File > R Markdown)
  • Select PDF from ‘Document’
• Save the file you just created
• Click ‘Knit’ to create PDF at the top of the R Studio window (look for the blue yarn)
• The document should render in the R Studio viewer
• The PDF file should appear in the same location you saved your .Rmd file

Did you run into problems? If so…

1. Confirm you installed a Tex compiler (MacTex on iOS and MikTex on Windows). Install now if you haven’t already.
   
2. If prompted, install Tex packages
   
3. Try reinstalling the R packages below
   
4. Ask for additional help

install.packages(c('rmarkdown', 'knitr', 'kableExtra'))

• YAML or front-matter
  
• Code chunks
• Code for formatting (Markdown and LaTex)
  
• Text

• YAML or front-matter
  • Use YAML to make universal configurations
  • Very top of the document between two sets of dashes (---)
• Code chunks
• Code for formatting (Markdown and LaTex)
  
• Text

YAML

---
title: "What a great title!"
output: pdf_document
---

• YAML or front-matter
  
• Code chunks
  • Transform data and build tables and visualizations within code chunks
  • Remember to use the 3 backward apostrophes ``` and { } in chunk header
• Code for formatting (Markdown and LaTex)
  
• Text

Code chunks

```{r, warning=FALSE, message=FALSE}  
library(tidyverse) # load libraries
crime <- read_csv('https://goo.gl/FHW2Ni') %>% as.data.frame()
```

• YAML or front-matter
  
• Code chunks
  
• Code for formatting (Markdown and LaTex)
  • Format text with simple code
    
  • This is done outside of the code chunks
• Text

Code for formatting (Markdown and LaTex)

# Use hashes for headers

**List (bolded)**
- Bullet 1
- Bullet 2

• Titles/Headers
  
• Body

• Titles/Headers
  • Write headers with hashes
    
  • Fewer hashes produces a larger header
    
  • Use title in YAML or hashes to write a document title
• Body

# Header
## Header
### Header
#### Header
##### Header
###### Header

• Titles/Headers
  
• Body
  • Add fontsize to the YAML
    
  • Font size options are limited when developing PDF docs
    
  • Only recognizes inputs of 10pt, 11pt, and 12pt
    
  • fontsize variable affects all text elements

---
title: "Foo"
output: pdf_document
fontsize: 12pt
---

• Use LaTex code to change colors
• LaTex code is required when creating a PDF
  • Other options are available when creating other file types (i.e. HTML)
• Predefined colors
  

black, blue, brown, cyan, darkgray, gray, green, lightgray, lime, magenta,  
olive, orange, pink, purple, red, teal, violet, white, yellow

• To change text colors use the following convention

Look at the \textcolor{red}{balloons}!

Look at the balloons!

• Use LaTex code to align text
  
• To align text use the following convention
• Aligment options

flushleft, flushright, flushcenter

• To change text alignment use the following convention

\begin{flushcenter}Look at the \textcolor{red}{balloons}!\end{flushcenter}

Look at the balloons!

Add a hyperlink

[Add a hyperlink](https://www.a.url.com)

Bold, italicize, and underline words

**Bold words**
*Italicize words*
\underline{Underline words}

• Use -, +, or * to create an un-ordered list
• Use numbers followed by a period to create an ordered list (1.)
• Indent for sub-items

- Item 1
- Item 2
  - Sub-item 1
  - Sub-item 2

• Item 1
• Item 2
  • Sub-item 1
  • Sub-item 2

• ‘Off the shelf’ options are limited for font style
• Three options
  • Roman font: \textrm{...}
  • Sans serif font: \textsf{...}
  • Teletype font: \texttt{...}

Look at the \textcolor{red}{balloons}!  
\textsf{Look at the \textcolor{red}{balloons}!}  
\textrm{Look at the \textcolor{red}{balloons}!}  
\texttt{Look at the \textcolor{red}{balloons}!}  

• Update the YAML
  • Note header-includes text and \usepackage text
• Indicate the color of the page just below the YAML

---
title: "Foo"
output: pdf_document
fontsize: 12pt
header-includes:
- \usepackage{pagecolor}
---
\pagecolor{yellow}

• Create and format charts in code chunks just like in R Notebook
  • Following r in the braces is the name of the code chunk ({r plot})
  • Names must be unique
  • Also include echo=FALSE in braces. This hides your code in the output
  • You can divide code between two or more chunks if it is necessary
    • You should do this to manage your code/document and make your code easier to follow

```{r plot, echo=FALSE}  
library(tidyverse)
mpg %>% ggplot() + geom_point(aes(displ, hwy))
```

• Between braces use fig.width and fig.height
• Start with values close to 4 and adjust accordingly
• Use fig.align to move the chart to the left, right, or center

```{r plot, echo=FALSE, fig.width=7, fig.height=4, fig.align='right'}  
library(tidyverse)
mpg %>% ggplot() + geom_point(aes(displ, hwy))
```

• Between braces use fig.width and fig.height
• Start with values close to 4 and adjust accordingly
• Use fig.align to move the chart to the left, right, or center

• Use kable() from knitr to create tables
  
• Not all kable() functionality is available when creating PDFs
• Include results = 'asis' in the chunk header or else the table will not appear
  
• Create a table by calling a dataframe in the kable() function

```{r, echo = FALSE, warning=FALSE, message=FALSE, results = 'asis'}
crime %>% 
  mutate(occurred_time_ampm = ifelse(occurred_time >= 1200, 'PM', 'AM')) %>% 
  group_by(occurred_time_ampm) %>% 
  summarise(n = n()) %>%
  kable()
```

• Use kable() from knitr to create tables
  
• Not all kable() functionality is available when creating PDFs
• Include results = 'asis' in the chunk header or else the table will not appear
  
• Create a table by calling a dataframe in the kable() function

• Create a 1-page PDF document
  • Include a title
  • Include at least 1 chart
  • Include at least 1 table
  • Submit the 1-page PDF to me by email on or before February 16, 2018