tidyverse
Mohieddin Jafari
July 31, 2018
Tidyverse
The tidyverse is a powerful collection of R packages that are actually data tools for transforming and visualizing data. All packages of the tidyverse share an underlying philosophy and common APIs.
The core packages are:
ggplot2, which implements the grammar of graphics. You can use it to visualize your data.dplyris a grammar of data manipulation. You can use it to solve the most common data manipulation challenges.tidyrhelps you to create tidy data or data where each variable is in a column, each observation is a row end each value is a cell.readris a fast and friendly way to read rectangular data.purrrenhances R’s functional programming (FP) toolkit by providing a complete and consistent set of tools for working with functions and vectors.tibbleis a modern re-imaginging of the data frame.stringrprovides a cohesive set of functions designed to make working with strings as easy as posssibleforcatsprovide a suite of useful tools that solve common problems with factors.
Installation
You can install the complete tidyverse with:
#install.packages("tidyverse")Then, load the core tidyverse and make it available in your current R session by running:
library(tidyverse)## Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 3.5.1## -- Attaching packages ----------------------------------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.2.1 --## v ggplot2 2.2.1 v purrr 0.2.5
## v tibble 1.4.2 v dplyr 0.7.5
## v tidyr 0.8.1 v stringr 1.3.1
## v readr 1.1.1 v forcats 0.3.0## -- Conflicts -------------------------------------------------------------------- tidyverse_conflicts() --
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()Useful Functions
tidyverse_conflicts() #Conflicts between tidyverse and other packages## -- Conflicts -------------------------------------------------------------------- tidyverse_conflicts() --
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()tidyverse_deps() #List all tidyverse dependencies## # A tibble: 25 x 4
## package cran local behind
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <lgl>
## 1 broom 0.5.0 0.4.4 TRUE
## 2 cli 1.0.0 1.0.0 FALSE
## 3 crayon 1.3.4 1.3.4 FALSE
## 4 dbplyr 1.2.2 1.2.1 TRUE
## 5 dplyr 0.7.6 0.7.5 TRUE
## 6 forcats 0.3.0 0.3.0 FALSE
## 7 ggplot2 3.0.0 2.2.1 TRUE
## 8 haven 1.1.2 1.1.1 TRUE
## 9 hms 0.4.2 0.4.2 FALSE
## 10 httr 1.3.1 1.3.1 FALSE
## # ... with 15 more rowstidyverse_logo() #Get tidyverse logo, using ASCII or unicode characters## * __ _ __ . o * .
## / /_(_)__/ /_ ___ _____ _______ ___
## / __/ / _ / // / |/ / -_) __(_-</ -_)
## \__/_/\_,_/\_, /|___/\__/_/ /___/\__/
## * . /___/ o . *tidyverse_packages() #List all tidyverse packages## [1] "broom" "cli" "crayon" "dplyr" "dbplyr"
## [6] "forcats" "ggplot2" "haven" "hms" "httr"
## [11] "jsonlite" "lubridate" "magrittr" "modelr" "purrr"
## [16] "readr" "readxl\n(>=" "reprex" "rlang" "rstudioapi"
## [21] "rvest" "stringr" "tibble" "tidyr" "xml2"
## [26] "tidyverse"tidyverse_update() #Update tidyverse packages## The following packages are out of date:
##
## * broom (0.4.4 -> 0.5.0)
## * dbplyr (1.2.1 -> 1.2.2)
## * dplyr (0.7.5 -> 0.7.6)
## * ggplot2 (2.2.1 -> 3.0.0)
## * haven (1.1.1 -> 1.1.2)
##
## Start a clean R session then run:
## install.packages(c("broom", "dbplyr", "dplyr", "ggplot2", "haven"))Load these data:
library(datasets) #Load the datasets package
library(gapminder) #Load the gapminder package## Warning: package 'gapminder' was built under R version 3.5.1attach(iris) #Attach iris data to the R search pathdplyr
Filter
filter() allows you to select a subset of rows in a data frame.
iris %>% #Select iris data of species
filter(Species == "virginica") #"virginica"## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 2 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 3 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 4 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 5 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 6 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 7 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica
## 8 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 9 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 10 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 11 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 12 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 13 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 14 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica
## 15 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica
## 16 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 17 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 18 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 19 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica
## 20 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica
## 21 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 22 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica
## 23 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 24 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 25 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 26 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 27 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 28 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 29 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 30 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 31 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 32 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica
## 33 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 34 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 35 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 36 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 37 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 38 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 39 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 40 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 41 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 42 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 43 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 44 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 45 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 46 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 47 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 48 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 49 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 50 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginicairis %>% #Select iris data of species
filter(Species == "virginica", #"virginica" and sepal length
Sepal.Length > 6) #greater than 6.## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 2 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 3 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 4 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 5 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 6 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 7 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 8 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 9 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 10 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 11 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 12 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 13 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 14 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 15 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica
## 16 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 17 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 18 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 19 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 20 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 21 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 22 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 23 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 24 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 25 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 26 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica
## 27 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 28 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 29 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 30 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 31 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 32 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 33 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 34 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 35 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 36 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 37 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 38 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 39 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 40 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 41 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginicaArrange
arrange() sorts the observations in a dataset in ascending or descending order based on one of its variables.
iris %>% #Sort in ascending order of
arrange(Sepal.Length) #sepal length## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa
## 2 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 5 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 6 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 8 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa
## 9 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 10 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 11 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 12 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 13 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 14 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa
## 15 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 16 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 17 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 18 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 19 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 20 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 21 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 22 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica
## 23 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 24 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 25 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 26 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa
## 27 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 28 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 29 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa
## 30 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 31 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 32 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 33 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 34 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 35 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa
## 36 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 37 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa
## 38 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 39 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa
## 40 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 41 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor
## 42 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 43 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 44 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 45 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor
## 46 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 47 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 48 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 49 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
## 50 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa
## 51 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 52 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 53 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 54 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 55 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 56 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor
## 57 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor
## 58 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 59 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor
## 60 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor
## 61 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 62 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor
## 63 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 64 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 65 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica
## 66 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 67 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa
## 68 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor
## 69 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 70 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor
## 71 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 72 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 73 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica
## 74 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 75 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor
## 76 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor
## 77 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor
## 78 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 79 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica
## 80 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 81 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor
## 82 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor
## 83 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica
## 84 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor
## 85 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 86 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor
## 87 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor
## 88 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica
## 89 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 90 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 91 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 92 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor
## 93 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor
## 94 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 95 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 96 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 97 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 98 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 99 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 100 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor
## 101 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 102 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor
## 103 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 105 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 106 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 107 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 108 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 109 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 110 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 111 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 112 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 113 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 114 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 115 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 116 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor
## 117 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 118 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 119 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 120 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 121 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor
## 122 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 123 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 124 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor
## 125 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor
## 126 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 127 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 128 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 129 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 130 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 131 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor
## 132 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 133 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 134 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 135 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 136 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 137 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 138 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 139 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 140 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 141 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 142 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 143 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 144 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 145 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 146 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 147 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica
## 148 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 149 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 150 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginicairis %>% #Sort in descending order of
arrange(desc(Sepal.Length)) #sepal length## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica
## 2 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 3 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica
## 4 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 5 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 6 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 7 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 8 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 9 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 10 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 11 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 12 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 13 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 14 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 15 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 16 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 17 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 18 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor
## 19 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 20 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 21 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 22 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor
## 23 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor
## 24 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 25 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 26 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 27 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 28 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 29 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor
## 30 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 31 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor
## 32 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 33 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 34 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 35 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 36 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 37 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 38 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 39 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 40 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 41 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 42 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 43 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor
## 44 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 45 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor
## 46 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 47 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 48 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 49 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 50 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 51 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 52 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 53 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 54 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 55 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 56 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 57 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 58 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor
## 59 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor
## 60 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 61 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 62 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor
## 63 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 64 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor
## 65 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor
## 66 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica
## 67 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 68 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor
## 69 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor
## 70 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica
## 71 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 72 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor
## 73 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor
## 74 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor
## 75 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 76 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica
## 77 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 78 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 79 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa
## 80 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor
## 81 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 82 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor
## 83 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 84 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 85 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica
## 86 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor
## 87 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 88 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor
## 89 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 90 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 91 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica
## 92 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 93 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 94 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 95 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor
## 96 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor
## 97 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 98 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor
## 99 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 100 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 101 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
## 102 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa
## 103 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 104 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 105 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 106 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 107 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 108 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 109 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor
## 110 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 111 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 112 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa
## 113 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 114 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa
## 115 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 116 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa
## 117 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 118 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor
## 119 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 120 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 121 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 122 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa
## 123 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 124 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 125 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa
## 126 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 127 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 128 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 129 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 130 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 131 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 132 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 133 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 134 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica
## 135 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 136 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 137 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa
## 138 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 139 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 140 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 141 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 142 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 143 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 144 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa
## 145 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 146 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 147 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 148 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 149 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 150 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosaCombine multiple dplyr verbs in a row with the pipe operator %>%:
iris %>% #Filter for species "virginica"
filter(Species == "virginica") %>% #then arrange in descending
arrange(desc(Sepal.Length)) #order of sepal length## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica
## 2 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 3 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica
## 4 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 5 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 6 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 7 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 8 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 9 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 10 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 11 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 12 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 13 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 14 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 15 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 16 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 17 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 18 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 19 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 20 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 21 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 22 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 23 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 24 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 25 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 26 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 27 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 28 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 29 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 30 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 31 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 32 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 33 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 34 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 35 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 36 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 37 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 38 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 39 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 40 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 41 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 42 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica
## 43 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 44 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica
## 45 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 46 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica
## 47 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 48 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica
## 49 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica
## 50 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginicaMutate
mutate() allows you to update or create new columns of a data frame.
iris %>% #Change Sepal.Length to be
mutate(Sepal.Length = Sepal.Length*10) #in millimeters## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 51 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 49 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 47 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 46 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 50 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 54 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 7 46 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 8 50 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 9 44 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 10 49 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 11 54 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 12 48 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 13 48 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 14 43 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa
## 15 58 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 16 57 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 17 54 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
## 18 51 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 19 57 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa
## 20 51 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa
## 21 54 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa
## 22 51 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 23 46 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa
## 24 51 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa
## 25 48 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa
## 26 50 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 27 50 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa
## 28 52 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 29 52 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 30 47 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 31 48 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 32 54 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 33 52 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 34 55 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 35 49 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 36 50 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 37 55 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 38 49 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 39 44 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 40 51 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 41 50 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 42 45 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 43 44 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 44 50 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa
## 45 51 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa
## 46 48 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 47 51 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 48 46 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 49 53 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 50 50 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 51 70 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 52 64 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 53 69 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 54 55 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 55 65 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor
## 56 57 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor
## 57 63 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor
## 58 49 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 59 66 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor
## 60 52 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor
## 61 50 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 62 59 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor
## 63 60 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor
## 64 61 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 65 56 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor
## 66 67 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 67 56 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 68 58 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor
## 69 62 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 70 56 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor
## 71 59 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor
## 72 61 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 73 63 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 74 61 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor
## 75 64 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 76 66 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 77 68 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor
## 78 67 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor
## 79 60 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 80 57 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 81 55 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor
## 82 55 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor
## 83 58 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor
## 84 60 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor
## 85 54 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 86 60 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor
## 87 67 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor
## 88 63 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor
## 89 56 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 90 55 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 91 55 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor
## 92 61 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor
## 93 58 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor
## 94 50 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 95 56 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 96 57 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor
## 97 57 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 98 62 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 99 51 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor
## 100 57 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 101 63 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 102 58 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 103 71 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 104 63 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 105 65 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 106 76 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 107 49 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica
## 108 73 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 109 67 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 110 72 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 111 65 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 112 64 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 113 68 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 114 57 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica
## 115 58 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica
## 116 64 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 117 65 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 118 77 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 119 77 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica
## 120 60 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica
## 121 69 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 122 56 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica
## 123 77 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 124 63 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 125 67 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 126 72 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 127 62 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 128 61 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 129 64 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 130 72 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 131 74 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 132 79 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica
## 133 64 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 134 63 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 135 61 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 136 77 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 137 63 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 138 64 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 139 60 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 140 69 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 141 67 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 142 69 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 143 58 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 144 68 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 145 67 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 146 67 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 147 63 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 148 65 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 149 62 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 150 59 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginicairis %>% #Create a new column
mutate(SLMm = Sepal.Length*10) #called SLMm## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species SLMm
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa 51
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa 49
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa 47
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa 46
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa 50
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa 54
## 7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa 46
## 8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa 50
## 9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa 44
## 10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa 49
## 11 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa 54
## 12 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa 48
## 13 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa 48
## 14 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa 43
## 15 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa 58
## 16 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa 57
## 17 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa 54
## 18 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa 51
## 19 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa 57
## 20 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa 51
## 21 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa 54
## 22 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa 51
## 23 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa 46
## 24 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa 51
## 25 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa 48
## 26 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa 50
## 27 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa 50
## 28 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa 52
## 29 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa 52
## 30 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa 47
## 31 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa 48
## 32 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa 54
## 33 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa 52
## 34 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa 55
## 35 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa 49
## 36 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa 50
## 37 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa 55
## 38 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa 49
## 39 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa 44
## 40 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa 51
## 41 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa 50
## 42 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa 45
## 43 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa 44
## 44 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa 50
## 45 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa 51
## 46 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa 48
## 47 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa 51
## 48 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa 46
## 49 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa 53
## 50 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa 50
## 51 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor 70
## 52 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor 64
## 53 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor 69
## 54 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor 55
## 55 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor 65
## 56 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor 57
## 57 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor 63
## 58 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor 49
## 59 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor 66
## 60 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor 52
## 61 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor 50
## 62 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor 59
## 63 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor 60
## 64 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor 61
## 65 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor 56
## 66 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor 67
## 67 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor 56
## 68 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor 58
## 69 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor 62
## 70 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor 56
## 71 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor 59
## 72 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor 61
## 73 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor 63
## 74 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor 61
## 75 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor 64
## 76 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor 66
## 77 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor 68
## 78 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor 67
## 79 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor 60
## 80 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor 57
## 81 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor 55
## 82 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor 55
## 83 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor 58
## 84 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor 60
## 85 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor 54
## 86 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor 60
## 87 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor 67
## 88 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor 63
## 89 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor 56
## 90 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor 55
## 91 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor 55
## 92 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor 61
## 93 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor 58
## 94 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor 50
## 95 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor 56
## 96 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor 57
## 97 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor 57
## 98 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor 62
## 99 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor 51
## 100 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor 57
## 101 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica 63
## 102 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica 58
## 103 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica 71
## 104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica 63
## 105 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica 65
## 106 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica 76
## 107 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica 49
## 108 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica 73
## 109 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica 67
## 110 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica 72
## 111 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica 65
## 112 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica 64
## 113 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica 68
## 114 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica 57
## 115 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica 58
## 116 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica 64
## 117 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica 65
## 118 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica 77
## 119 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica 77
## 120 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica 60
## 121 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica 69
## 122 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica 56
## 123 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica 77
## 124 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica 63
## 125 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica 67
## 126 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica 72
## 127 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica 62
## 128 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica 61
## 129 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica 64
## 130 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica 72
## 131 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica 74
## 132 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica 79
## 133 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica 64
## 134 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica 63
## 135 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica 61
## 136 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica 77
## 137 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica 63
## 138 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica 64
## 139 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica 60
## 140 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica 69
## 141 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica 67
## 142 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica 69
## 143 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica 58
## 144 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica 68
## 145 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica 67
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica 67
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica 63
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica 65
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica 62
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica 59Combine the verbs filter(), arrange(), and mutate():
iris %>%
filter(Species == "virginica") %>%
mutate(SLMm = Sepal.Length*10) %>%
arrange(desc(SLMm))## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species SLMm
## 1 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica 79
## 2 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica 77
## 3 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica 77
## 4 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica 77
## 5 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica 77
## 6 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica 76
## 7 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica 74
## 8 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica 73
## 9 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica 72
## 10 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica 72
## 11 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica 72
## 12 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica 71
## 13 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica 69
## 14 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica 69
## 15 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica 69
## 16 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica 68
## 17 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica 68
## 18 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica 67
## 19 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica 67
## 20 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica 67
## 21 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica 67
## 22 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica 67
## 23 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica 65
## 24 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica 65
## 25 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica 65
## 26 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica 65
## 27 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica 64
## 28 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica 64
## 29 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica 64
## 30 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica 64
## 31 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica 64
## 32 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica 63
## 33 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica 63
## 34 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica 63
## 35 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica 63
## 36 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica 63
## 37 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica 63
## 38 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica 62
## 39 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica 62
## 40 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica 61
## 41 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica 61
## 42 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica 60
## 43 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica 60
## 44 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica 59
## 45 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica 58
## 46 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica 58
## 47 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica 58
## 48 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica 57
## 49 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica 56
## 50 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica 49Summarize
summarize() allows you to turn many observations into a single data point.
iris %>% #Summarize to find the
summarize(medianSL = median(Sepal.Length)) #median sepal length## medianSL
## 1 5.8iris %>% #Filter for virginica then
filter(Species == "virginica") %>% #summarize the median
summarize(medianSL = median(Sepal.Length)) #sepal length## medianSL
## 1 6.5You can also summarize multiple variables at once:
iris %>%
filter(Species == "virginica") %>%
summarize(medianSL = median(Sepal.Length),
maxSL = max(Sepal.Length))## medianSL maxSL
## 1 6.5 7.9group_by() allows you to summarize within groups instead of summarizing the entire dataset:
iris %>% #Find median and max
group_by(Species) %>% #sepal length of each
summarize(medianSL = median(Sepal.Length), #species
maxSL = max(Sepal.Length))## # A tibble: 3 x 3
## Species medianSL maxSL
## <fct> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 setosa 5 5.8
## 2 versicolor 5.9 7
## 3 virginica 6.5 7.9iris %>% #Find median and max
filter(Sepal.Length>6) %>% #petal length of each
group_by(Species) %>% #species with sepal
summarize(medianPL = median(Petal.Length), #length 6
maxPL = max(Petal.Length))## # A tibble: 2 x 3
## Species medianPL maxPL
## <fct> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 versicolor 4.6 5
## 2 virginica 5.6 6.9ggplot2
Scatter plot
Scatter plots allow you to compare two variables within your data. To do this with ggplot2, you use geom_point()
iris_small <- iris %>%
filter(Sepal.Length > 5)
ggplot(iris_small, aes(x = Petal.Length, #Compare petal
y = Petal.Width)) + #width and length
geom_point()
Additional Aesthetics
Color
ggplot(iris_small, aes(x = Petal.Length,
y = Petal.Width,
color = Species)) +
geom_point()
Size
ggplot(iris_small, aes(x = Petal.Length,
y = Petal.Width,
color = Species,
size = Sepal.Length)) +
geom_point()
Faceting
ggplot(iris_small, aes(x = Petal.Length,
y = Petal.Width)) +
geom_point()+
facet_wrap(~Species)
Line Plots
by_year <- gapminder %>%
group_by(year) %>%
summarize(medianGdpPerCap = median(gdpPercap))
ggplot(by_year, aes(x = year,
y = medianGdpPerCap))+
geom_line()+
expand_limits(y = 0)
Bar Plots
by_species <- iris %>%
filter(Sepal.Length>6) %>%
group_by(Species) %>%
summarize(medianPL = median(Petal.Length))
ggplot(by_species, aes(x = Species,
y = medianPL)) +
geom_col()
Histograms
ggplot(iris_small, aes(x = Petal.Length))+
geom_histogram()## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
Box Plots
ggplot(iris_small, aes(x = Species,
y = Sepal.Width))+
geom_boxplot()