1 Carbohydrate contribution of energy intake cut-off = 50%

  • In these analyses, within each hour of the day/time slot of the day carbohydrates intake was defined as:
    • not eating;
    • eating and carbohydrates contributed less than 50% of energy;
    • eating and carbohydrates contributed higher or equal to 50% of energy.

1.1 by 24 hours

1.1.1 Multilevel LCA

Rpubs link: http://Rpubs.com/winterwang/CW2CB3:

  • Proposed solutions:
    • 2 by 2 multilevel LCA solutions (Fig 3.1 & 3.2);
      • Type 1 days: always having lunch at 1 pm, high carb between 7-10 am, and 3-4 pm;
      • Type 2 days: probability of not having lunch close to 0.5, higher probabitlity of low carb intake than high carb.
    • Proportions of 2 types of days in person level classes:
      • Class 1 persons: 52.5%, and 47.5%;
      • Class 2 persons: 94.8% and 5.2% -> always have type 1 days, regularly having more food.

1.1.2 Latent class growth analysis (LCGA)

Rpubs link: http://Rpubs.com/winterwang/LGCA

  • Proposed solutions: Fig 3.
    • 3 classes:
      • Class 1 (28.97%): inactive eaters (French style), high carb breakfast, low carb lunch and dinner, no snacks;
      • Class 2 (6.11%): active eaters, high carb intake through out the days;
      • Class 3 (64.92%): typical British style eaters, high carb breakfast, morning snack, afternoon snack, and low carb lunch and dinner.

1.1.3 Table 1 for latent classes identified (24 hours)

Rpubs link:http://rpubs.com/winterwang/NDNStable1

1.2 by 7 time slots

  • Time slots are defined as:
    • Breakfast: 6 am to 9 am;
    • Morning snack: 9 am to 12 noon;
    • Lunch: 12 noon to 2 pm;
    • Afternoon snack: 2 pm to 5 pm;
    • Dinner: 5 pm to 8 pm;
    • Before bedtime snack: 8 pm to 10 pm;
    • Midnight food: 10pm to 6 am;

1.2.1 Multilevel LCA

Rpubs link: http://Rpubs.com/winterwang/NDNS7timeslots_multilevel

  • Proposed solutions:
    • 3 by 3 multilevel LCA solutions (Fig 3.1 and 3.3):
      • Type 1 days: high carb at breakfast, afternoon snack, and before bedtime snack;
      • Type 2 days: low carb through out the day, high probability of not having breakfast;
      • Type 3 days: high carb breakfast, low carb lunch and dinner, not eating at night.
    • Proportions of three types of days in person level classes:
      • Class 1 persons (28.2%): 62.3%, 20.5%, and 17.2%; -> higher BMI, WC, more DM than the other two groups
      • Class 2 persons (28.9%): 40.0%, 42.0%, and 18.0%;
      • Class 3 persons (42.8%): 25.8%, 50.0%, and 24.1%.

1.2.2 Latent class growth analysis (LCGA)

Rpubs link: http://Rpubs.com/winterwang/NDNSslots

  • Proposed solutions: Fig 4.
    • 3 classes:
      • Class 1 (67.2%): high carb breakfast, low carb lunch and dinner;
      • Class 2 (21.9%): high prob of skipping breakfast, not eating at night;
      • Class 3 (10.9%): high carb all four days, snacking frequently. -> also high physical activity, high prob in drinking and smoking

1.2.3 Table 1 for latent classes identified (7 time slots)

Rpubs link:http://rpubs.com/winterwang/tab1slots7

2 Carb-fibre ratio cut-off value = 0.1

  • In these analyses, within each hour of the day/time slot of the day carbohydrates intake was defined as:
    • not eating;
    • eating and fibre-carbo ratio < 0.1;
    • eating and fibre-carbo ratio > 0.1;
    • eating and no fibre or carbo.

2.1 by 24 hours

2.1.1 Latent class growth analysis

Rpubs link: http://rpubs.com/winterwang/FBCB

  • Proposed solutions: Fig 3.
    • 3 classes:
      • Class 1 (25.2%): inactive eaters (French style) no snacks;
      • Class 2 (67.7%): typical British style eaters;
      • Class 3 (7.1%): active eaters

The probabilities of having food without any carb or fibre are low. This analysis is quite similar with LCGA conducted for the carb >=50% or <50%.