Introduction For this research, I will be analyzing data from marine disasters including the well-known sinking of the Titanic and comparing the data to the MV Princess Victoria. I will be examining if the social norms of women and children first, was a common practice in marine disasters as speculate. I would investigate the dataset to gather and compare information about the ships in which social norms of women and children first were petitioned by the captain to disembark the distressed vessel. Or if the theory known as every man for himself would be detected as in the tragedy of the MV Princess Victoria. The MV Princess Victoria was a passenger car ferry transporting commuters daily between Scotland and Northern Ireland. On January 31, 1953, she sailed from the port of Stranraer towards port Larne with 128 passengers and 51 crew during what is known today as the “Great Storm” resulting in the loss of 133 passengers of the MV Princess Victoria including all women and children onboard when the ferry capsized in her voyage. The MV Princess Victoria sailed with less than 10 percent of her passenger capacity. She could have held 1,500 passengers plus cargo and had sleeping accommodation for 54 passengers. (Wikepedia, 2018) The RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank on April 15, 1912, after striking an iceberg during her voyage through the Atlantic Ocean towards her final destination of New York City. The Titanic was the largest vessel afloat at the time. It was traveling with approximately 2, 224 passengers and crew that fateful night when more than 1,500 on board perished. (Wikipedia, 2018) It is known as the deadliest commercial shipwreck in marine disaster; Ironically, it is also famously known for the assumption of the social norm observe in which supposedly aid save 73% of the women and children population.
The data set that I will examined consist of information for 18 ships that are part of marine disasters with 20 variables for evaluation. The data set contains nominal, ordinal and interval variables. Nominal variables have two or more categories without having any kind of natural order. They are variables with no numeric value, such as cause or the nationality of the ship. Nominal measures names, group, types, classify or categorize values of a variable. Ordinal variables is a categorical variable for which the possible values are ordered. Ordinal variables can be considered “in between” categorical and quantitative variables. Typically, they are used to order or rank values. In the data set I will be examining . Interval variables is a measurement where the difference between two values is meaningful. Number of passengers, male passengers, female passengers, crew members, and women and children first are all interval variables in the dataset.

ships$No_of_male_passengers <- ships$`No. of passengers`- ships$`No. of women passengers`
ships$No_of_crew  <- ships$`Women and children first`<- ships$Survived#type your code here
ships$Titanic <- ifelse(ships$`Women and children first` == 'RMS Titanic', TRUE, FALSE)
ships$Titanic
##  [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [12] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
ships$MV_Princess_Victoria <- ifelse(ships$`Women and children first` == 'MV Princess Victoria', TRUE, FALSE)
ships$MV_Princess_Victoria
##  [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [12] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
title2<-ggtitle("Vessels which declare Women and children first")
ships$`Women and children first`
##  [1] 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
summary(ships$`Women and children first`)
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##  0.0000  0.0000  0.0000  0.4444  1.0000  1.0000
plot2<- ggplot(ships, aes(x=`Women and children first`))
plot2 + title2 + geom_histogram(binwidth= .50) + geom_vline(xintercept=quantile(ships$`Women and children first`, probs=c(.25),
         na.rm=TRUE),  color="green", linetype="dashed", size=1) +
geom_vline(xintercept=quantile(ships$`Women and children first`, probs=c(.50),
         na.rm=TRUE),  color="red", linetype="dashed", size=1)+geom_vline(xintercept=quantile(ships$`Women and children first`, probs=c(.75),
         na.rm=TRUE),  color="blue", linetype="dashed", size=1)

The variable in figure___ is women and children first per ship. There were 8 ships that reported the social norm of women and children first, out of those 8 ironically the Titanic is not listed as one of the ships. (see figure___ bar graph below for the names of the ships that participate in the social norm) The mean for ships that ordered women and children was 0.444. The above table is a histogram is a type of bar chart that graphically displays the frequencies of a data set. Similar to a bar chart, a histogram plots the frequency, or raw count, on the Y-axis (vertical) and the variable being measured on the X-axis (horizontal).

plot2<-ggplot(ships, aes(x=`Name of Ship` , y= `Women and children first`))
plot2 + title2 + geom_bar(stat="identity")+  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

plot2<-ggplot(ships, aes(y=reorder(`Name of Ship`, `No. of women passengers`) , x=`No. of women passengers` ))
plot2 + title2 + geom_point()+geom_vline(xintercept=quantile(ships$`No. of women passengers`, probs=c(.25),
         na.rm=TRUE),  color="green", linetype="dashed", size=1) +
geom_vline(xintercept=quantile(ships$`No. of women passengers`, probs=c(.50),
         na.rm=TRUE),  color="red", linetype="dashed", size=1)+geom_vline(xintercept=quantile(ships$`No. of women passengers`, probs=c(.75),
         na.rm=TRUE),  color="blue", linetype="dashed", size=1)

summary(ships$`No. of women passengers`)
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##    7.00   64.25  238.50  248.22  385.25  578.00

Figure: The variable in Figure __ is the number of women passengers per ship, ranging from the least on board the HMS Birkehead ranging from 7 females passengers to SS Admiral Nakhimov 578 females passenger. There are 18 ships in the dataset and in the dot plot, the 8 ships that are typical are in the middle 50 percent of the distribution. The middle of 50 percent of the ships have between 64.25 female passenger (quartile 1) and 385.25 female passengers (quartile 3). The Titanic had 463 female passengers, which is between the 3rd quartile. (385.25 females), and the maximum ship SS Admiral Nakhimov(578 females). So the Titanic is atypical because is beyond the 3rd quartile. In comparison with the MV Princess Victoria had 26 female passengers, which is between the minimum and the 1st quartile, so the MV Princess Victoria is atypical. The SS Norge had 371 female passengers, which is between the median ship and the third quartile, so the SS Norge is in the middle 50 percent of the distribution and it is typical ship in the data. The SS Princess Alice had 455 female passengers, which is above the third quartile(385.25 females) and the maximum ship SS Admiral Nakhimov (578 females), so the SS Princess Alice is atypical because its beyond 3rd quartile.