network final project
George Oberle
November 4, 2014
library (dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
##
## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter
##
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary (ggmap)## Loading required package: ggplot2library (ggplot2)
library (igraph)
data = read.csv("~/CLIO-3/finalproject/networtest.csv")
# datadata_g <- graph.data.frame(data, directed = FALSE)
plot (data_g, vertex.label = NA)
V(data_g)## Vertex sequence:
## [1] "Samuel Harrison Smith"
## [2] "Andrew Hunter"
## [3] "John Law"
## [4] "Alexander McWilliams"
## [5] "Edward Cutbush"
## [6] "Thomas Law"
## [7] "John Quincy Adams"
## [8] "Andrew Jackson"
## [9] "John C. Calhoun"
## [10] "Henry Clay"
## [11] "William H. Crawford"
## [12] "Richard Rush"
## [13] "Samuel D. Ingham"
## [14] "James Barbour"
## [15] "Joel R. Poinsett"
## [16] "Samuel L. Southard"
## [17] "Mahlon Dickerson"
## [18] "John M. Berrien"
## [19] "William Wirt"
## [20] "John McLean"
## [21] "William T. Barry"
## [22] "Simon Bernard"
## [23] "George Gibson"
## [24] "Alexander Macomb"
## [25] "George Bomford"
## [26] "Nathan Towson"
## [27] "Joseph Lovell"
## [28] "J. A. Brereton"
## [29] "John Rodgers"
## [30] "Thomas Tingey"
## [31] "Charles Wilkes"
## [32] "Bailey Washington"
## [33] "William Cranch"
## [34] "Buckner Thruston"
## [35] "Richard Bland Lee"
## [36] "Nathaniel P. Causin"
## [37] "Elias B. Caldwell"
## [38] "William Brent"
## [39] "William Thornton"
## [40] "Josiah Meigs"
## [41] "George Watterston"
## [42] "Phineas Bradley"
## [43] "Samuel Lane"
## [44] "William Noland"
## [45] "Matthew St. Clair Clarke"
## [46] "Asbury Dickins"
## [47] "Thomas L. Thurston"
## [48] "Benjamin Homans"
## [49] "Walter Jones"
## [50] "William Lambert"
## [51] "William Elliot"
## [52] "Joseph Anderson"
## [53] "John Underwood"
## [54] "Nathaniel Cutting"
## [55] "Robert King"
## [56] "Isaac Roberdeau"
## [57] "William Hewitt,"
## [58] "Thomas Munroe"
## [59] "William Prout"
## [60] "Robert Brent"
## [61] "Daniel Rapine"
## [62] "James H. Blake"
## [63] "Thomas Carbery"
## [64] "Roger C. Weightman"
## [65] "Joseph Gales, jr"
## [66] "John P. VanNess"
## [67] "William A. Bradley"
## [68] "Peter Force"
## [69] "William W. Seaton"
## [70] "Richard Wallach"
## [71] "B. S. Bohrer"
## [72] "James S. Gunnell"
## [73] "Thomas Henderson"
## [74] "Henry Huntt"
## [75] "George May"
## [76] "Frederick May"
## [77] "Richard Randall"
## [78] "Thomas Sewall"
## [79] "John T. Shaaf"
## [80] "Thomas Sims"
## [81] "JohnM. Thomas"
## [82] "Tobias Watkins"
## [83] "Nicholas Worthington"
## [84] "Andrew Bigelow"
## [85] "Obadiah B. Brown"
## [86] "John N. Campbell"
## [87] "Ira Chase"
## [88] "R. R. Gurley"
## [89] "James Laurie"
## [90] "Robert Little"
## [91] "William Matthews"
## [92] "Isaac Orr"
## [93] "William Staughton"
## [94] "Archibald Henderson"
## [95] "John McClelland"
## [96] "William Tatham"
## [97] "John Coyle jr"
## [98] "Samuel Eliot, jr"
## [99] "Tobias Lear"
## [100] "John Stretch"
## [101] "Timothy Winn"
## [102] "Joseph Mechlin"
## [103] "Thomas P. Jones"
## [104] "Edmund Law"
## [105] "Benjamin L. Lear"
## [106] "Nathaniel Bowditch"
## [107] "William Darlington"
## [108] "Jared Sparks"
## [109] "John Trumbull"
## [110] "Parker Cleaveland"
## [111] "Ferdinand R. Hassler"
## [112] "Peter S. Du Ponceau"
## [113] "Benjamin Silliman"
## [114] "Noah Webster"
## [115] "John J. Abert"
## [116] "Charles Worthington"
## [117] "John T. Shaff"
## [118] "Thomas B. Sim"
## [119] "Joel T. Gustine"
## [120] "Elisha Harrison"
## [121] "Peregrine Warfield"
## [122] "George Clark"
## [123] "John Harrison"
## [124] "Benjamin S. Bohrer"
## [125] "Samuel Horsley"
## [126] "Nicholas W. Worthington"
## [127] "William Jones"
## [128] "James T. Johnson"
## [129] "Richard Weightman"
## [130] "George W. May"
## [131] "Robert French"
## [132] "Samuel L. Mitchill"
## [133] "John Spence"
## [134] "William Beans"
## [135] "Joseph Parrish"
## [136] "James Mann"
## [137] "John H. Chausepie"
## [138] "John McClellan"
## [139] "Nathaniel Chapman"
## [140] "Joshua Fisher"
## [141] "William M. Mercer"
## [142] "Nathaniel Potter"
## [143] "John C. Warren"
## [144] "Phillip S. Physick"
## [145] "Thomas T. Hewson"
## [146] "James Jackson"
## [147] "Daniel Coney"
## [148] "Benjamin Waterhouse"
## [149] "Thomas Bacon"
## [150] "Lynford Lardner"
## [151] "Arthur Lee"
## [152] "Francis L. Lee"
## [153] "Samuel Bowen"
## [154] "Richard Brooke"
## [155] "Landon Carter"
## [156] "Daniel Clark"
## [157] "Myles Cooper"
## [158] "John Jones"
## [159] "Carolus Linnaeus"
## [160] "John Lorimer"
## [161] "John M. Otto"
## [162] "Ebenezer Prime"
## [163] "Samuel Shoemaker"
## [164] "Earl William Alexander"
## [165] "Joel Bailey"
## [166] "Joseph Ellicott"
## [167] "James Ferguson"
## [168] "John Fothergill"
## [169] "Joseph Gilpin"
## [170] "George Guald"
## [171] "John David Hahn"
## [172] "John Morell"
## [173] "Edward Nairne"
## [174] "John Baynton"
## [175] "Henry Benbridge"
## [176] "Samuel Filsted"
## [177] "Archibald Gloucester"
## [178] "Henry Hill"
## [179] "James Lloyd"
## [180] "Frederick W. von Marschall"
## [181] "Nevil Maskelyne"
## [182] "Charles A. McCall"
## [183] "Samuel Preston Moore"
## [184] "Charles Morton"
## [185] "Joseph Otolenge"
## [186] "William Parr"
## [187] "Thomas Preston"
## [188] "Samuel Rhoads"
## [189] "Richard Thomas"
## [190] "Stephen Adye"
## [191] "Gerard Bancker"
## [192] "Daniel Coxe"
## [193] "Peter Dolland"
## [194] "Thomas Hutchins"
## [195] "Timothy Lane"
## [196] "Henry Laurens"
## [197] "Jesse Lukens"
## [198] "Arch McClean"
## [199] "George Milligan"
## [200] "John Montresor"
## [201] "Samuel Williams"
## [202] "Tobern Bergmann"
## [203] "Thomas Coombe"
## [204] "Baron von Timotheus M. Klingstadt"
## [205] "William Ludlam"
## [206] "Andrew Oliver"
## [207] "Jean B. Le Roy"
## [208] "Alexander Small"
## [209] "James Tilton"
## [210] "Nicholas Way"
## [211] "James Bringhurst"
## [212] "William Bryant"
## [213] "Sharp Delany"
## [214] "Andrew Duncan"
## [215] "Bryan Edwards"
## [216] "John Ellis"
## [217] "Jonathan Elmer"
## [218] "George Gauld"
## [219] "James McClurg"
## [220] "Samuel More"
## [221] "Benjamin Morgan"
## [222] "Thomas Parke"
## [223] "John Perkins"
## [224] "Bernard Romans"
## [225] "Lord Mahon Charles Stanhope"
## [226] "Lord Mahon Philips Stanhope"
## [227] "William Wright"
## [228] "Charles Adams"
## [229] "Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg"
## [230] "Marquis de M.J.A.N. Caritat Condorcet"
## [231] "Louis J.M. Daubenton"
## [232] "Fortunatus Dwarris"
## [233] "Thomas Gibbons"
## [234] "Samuel Holland"
## [235] "Antoine L. Lavoisier"
## [236] "Pierre J. Macquer"
## [237] "Benjamin Moseley"
## [238] "Guillaume T. F. Raynall"
## [239] "Le Roux"
## [240] "Jean F. Rozier"
## [241] "George Duffield"
## [242] "James Hutchinson"
## [243] "Charles Pettit"
## [244] "Conrad A. Gerard de Rayneval"
## [245] "Jean-Joseph Sue"
## [246] "John Adams"
## [247] "Marquis de Francois Barbe-Marbois"
## [248] "William Brown"
## [249] "William Carmichael"
## [250] "Arthur St. Clair"
## [251] "Robert Erskine"
## [252] "William Grayson"
## [253] "Alexander Hamilton"
## [254] "William C. Houston"
## [255] "John Jay"
## [256] "Thomas Jefferson"
## [257] "J.C. Kunze"
## [258] "John Laurens"
## [259] "Anne C. de la Luaerne"
## [260] "Rev. James Madison"
## [261] "Timothy Matlack"
## [262] "Baron Friedrich W. von Steuben"
## [263] "Jean-Baptiste Ternant"
## [264] "Charles Vallancey"
## [265] "George Washington"
## [266] "Anthony Wayne"
## [267] "Thomas Bee"
## [268] "Marquis de Francois J. Chastellux"
## [269] "Isaac Gray"
## [270] "Ebenezer Hazard"
## [271] "Jared Ingersoll"
## [272] "Marquis de Motier Theodore Lafayette"
## [273] "Hugh Shiell"
## [274] "Chevalier d' Charles F.A. Le Paulmier Annemours"
## [275] "John Beale Bordley"
## [276] "Jean F. Coste"
## [277] "Robert Davidson"
## [278] "Felice Fontana"
## [279] "Antoine Court de Gebilin"
## [280] "Samuel Huntingdon"
## [281] "Robert M. Patterson"
## [282] "Comte Charles C. Labillarderie Angivillier"
## [283] "Jeremy Belknap"
## [284] "Peter J. Van Berckel"
## [285] "Barnabas Binney"
## [286] "Robert Blackwell"
## [287] "Fred F.S. de Brahm"
## [288] "Pedro Rodriguez Campomanes"
## [289] "John Dunlap"
## [290] "John Foulke"
## [291] "George Fox"
## [292] "Arch Gamble"
## [293] "George Gray"
## [294] "J.H.C. Helmuth"
## [295] "Thomas Heyward"
## [296] "Rev. Samuel Magaw"
## [297] "John H. de Magellan"
## [298] "Jonathan D. Sergeant"
## [299] "James Six"
## [300] "John Vaughan"
## [301] "Samuel Vaughan"
## [302] "Comte de Charles G. Vergennes"
## [303] "Frederick E.F. Bertholff"
## [304] "Comte de Luc Urbain du Bouexic"
## [305] "William Bradford"
## [306] "Edward Burd"
## [307] "John Carson"
## [308] "Adair Crawford"
## [309] "Manasseh Cutler"
## [310] "Andrew Ellicott"
## [311] "Samuel Powel Griffiths"
## [312] "Samuel G. Hermelin"
## [313] "Sir William Herschel"
## [314] "Hugh James"
## [315] "Thaddeus Kosciusko"
## [316] "James Madison"
## [317] "Joseph Mandrillion"
## [318] "James McHenry"
## [319] "Christian F. Michailis"
## [320] "Henry E. Muhlenberg"
## [321] "Mann Page"
## [322] "Thomas Paine"
## [323] "William Parker"
## [324] "Robert Perceval"
## [325] "Richard Price"
## [326] "Joseph Priestley"
## [327] "Samuel S. Smith"
## [328] "Jean-Baptiste Sue"
## [329] "George Wall"
## [330] "Benjamin Workman"
## [331] "James Beattie"
## [332] "Pierre J.G. Cabanis"
## [333] "Conte Luigi Castiglioni"
## [334] "Jacques A.C. Charles"
## [335] "George Clymer"
## [336] "Lorenz Crell"
## [337] "Benjamin Duffield"
## [338] "Aime A.J. Feutry"
## [339] "William Temple Franklin"
## [340] "Thibert Garbier"
## [341] "Rene G. Gastelier"
## [342] "Granchain"
## [343] "Guillaume Grivel"
## [344] "Thomas Henry"
## [345] "Jonathan Hoge"
## [346] "Jan Ingenhousz"
## [347] "John Andrews"
## [348] "Richard Kirwan"
## [349] "John Morris"
## [350] "Robert Morris"
## [351] "Nicolas Noel"
## [352] "Charles Willson Peale"
## [353] "Thomas Percival"
## [354] "Robert E. Pine"
## [355] "William Rawle"
## [356] "Duc de Louis A. La Rochefoucauld d'Enville"
## [357] "Julien D. Le Roy"
## [358] "Jean L.G. Soulavie"
## [359] "Benjamin Vaughan"
## [360] "Louis G. Le Veillard"
## [361] "Charles H. Wharton"
## [362] "John Whitehurst"
## [363] "William Baker"
## [364] "Sir Joseph Banks"
## [365] "Robert Barclay"
## [366] "Thomas Barnes"
## [367] "William Barton"
## [368] "John Bayard"
## [369] "William Bingham"
## [370] "James Bowdoin"
## [371] "Louis C. Cadet-Gassicourt"
## [372] "Benjamin Chew"
## [373] "Isaac Craig"
## [374] "Enoch Edwards"
## [375] "John Hunter"
## [376] "Joseph James"
## [377] "Francis Johnston"
## [378] "John Johnston"
## [379] "Charles Lennox"
## [380] "John Coakley Lettsom"
## [381] "Hon. John Lowell"
## [382] "Robert Milligan"
## [383] "Sir Edward Newenham"
## [384] "Comte Louis G. Otto"
## [385] "John R.B. Rodgers"
## [386] "Thomas Ruston"
## [387] "William W. Smith"
## [388] "George Spence"
## [389] "George Vaux"
## [390] "Antoine A.F. Cadet de Vaux"
## [391] "Thomas White"
## [392] "Jonathan Williams"
## [393] "Caspar Wistar"
## [394] "Simeon De Witt"
## [395] "Burgiss Allison"
## [396] "Charles Arthaud"
## [397] "Benjamin Smith Barton"
## [398] "Samuel Beach"
## [399] "Sir Charles Blagden"
## [400] "John Bleakley"
## [401] "David Brearly"
## [402] "Jean P. Brissot"
## [403] "George Buchanan"
## [404] "Pieter Camper"
## [405] "Nicholas Collin"
## [406] "John Cox"
## [407] "Michel G. St. J. de Crevecoeur"
## [408] "Princess Catherine Ekaterina Dashkova"
## [409] "William Findley"
## [410] "Jos. M. de Flores"
## [411] "Diego de Gardoqui"
## [412] "Francis de Gardoqui"
## [413] "Peter Le Gaux"
## [414] "Ashbel Green"
## [415] "Friedrich A. von Heintz"
## [416] "Joshua Humphreys"
## [417] "Walter Minto"
## [418] "George Monroe"
## [419] "Mekeric L.E. Moreau"
## [420] "William Paterson"
## [421] "C.C. Pinckney"
## [422] "Thomas Pole"
## [423] "David Redick"
## [424] "Benjamin Rittenhouse"
## [425] "James Rumsey"
## [426] "Winthrop Sargent"
## [427] "Franz A. Steinsky"
## [428] "John Stevens"
## [429] "Charles Stuart"
## [430] "James Wilkinson"
## [431] "John Witherspoon"
## [432] "Baron J.W.K.A. Hupsch von Lontxen"
## [433] "Anders Sparman"
## [434] "George Turner"
## [435] "John Walker"
## [436] "Caleb Whitefoord"
## [437] "Alexander Addison"
## [438] "Alexander Anderson"
## [439] "Absalom Baird"
## [440] "John Beckley"
## [441] "Nicholas L. Burmann"
## [442] "Alexander J. Dallas"
## [443] "William Ferguson"
## [444] "Albert Gallatin"
## [445] "Benjamin Gloxin"
## [446] "Robert Goldsbourough"
## [447] "John G. Grosche"
## [448] "John Hoge"
## [449] "James Anderson"
## [450] "Henry Knox"
## [451] "John Luzac"
## [452] "S.L. Mitchell"
## [453] "Johann A. Murray"
## [454] "John Nicholson"
## [455] "Peter S. Pallas"
## [456] "John Penington"
## [457] "Thomas Pennant"
## [458] "Edmund Randolph"
## [459] "Andrew Ross"
## [460] "James Ross"
## [461] "John Smilie"
## [462] "Dugald Stewart"
## [463] "Karl P. Thunberg"
## [464] "Richard P. Barton"
## [465] "Guiseppe Ceracchi"
## [466] "William Currie"
## [467] "Erasmus Darwin"
## [468] "Comte de Antoine R.C.M. La Forest"
## [469] "Anthony Fothergill"
## [470] "David Jackson"
## [471] "John Page"
## [472] "Baron de Ambroise M.F.J. Palisot"
## [473] "Conte Paolo Andreani"
## [474] "John Rouelle"
## [475] "William Smith"
## [476] "Uvo van Troil"
## [477] "Rodolph Valltravers"
## [478] "Nicholas B. Waters"
## [479] "Andre F. de Coupigny"
## [480] "J. Reinhold Forster"
## [481] "George Logan"
## [482] "John W. Lottera"
## [483] "David Nassy"
## [484] "Thomas L. Shippen"
## [485] "Louis Valentin"
## [486] "William Waring"
## [487] "David S. Erskine"
## [488] "James Greenway"
## [489] "John Nancarrow"
## [490] "Gustaf von Carleson"
## [491] "Archibald Cochrane"
## [492] "Robert Leslie"
## [493] "Val Melscheimer"
## [494] "Tim Pickering"
## [495] "Samuel Wheeler"
## [496] "Rev. James Abercrombie"
## [497] "Pierre A. Adet"
## [498] "Nathaniel B. Bedford"
## [499] "Isaac Briggs"
## [500] "Charles Caldwell"
## [501] "Dr. Isaac Cathrall"
## [502] "F.H. Le Comte"
## [503] "Tench Coxe"
## [504] "Joanne B. Cunat"
## [505] "Jean Deveze"
## [506] "Louis E. Duhail"
## [507] "Cypriano R. Friere"
## [508] "Jacques M. le F. de Grandpre"
## [509] "Hugh Hodge"
## [510] "Jose de Jaudences"
## [511] "J.F. Mifflin"
## [512] "William D. Peck"
## [513] "Francois A.F. de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt"
## [514] "Sir James E. Smith"
## [515] "Charles M. de Talleyrand-Perigord"
## [516] "Luis de Urbina"
## [517] "James Woodhouse"
## [518] "William Bache"
## [519] "Samuel Blair"
## [520] "John Guillemard"
## [521] "William Hamilton"
## [522] "John Heckewilder"
## [523] "Andrews Everardus Van Braam Houckgeest"
## [524] "Thomas C. James"
## [525] "Alexander Martin"
## [526] "Theo. C. Mozard"
## [527] "John Newnan"
## [528] "Thomas Pinckney"
## [529] "Adam Seybert"
## [530] "Rich P. Smith"
## [531] "Samuel H. Smith"
## [532] "John Stuart"
## [533] "Comte Constantin F. Chasseboeuf de Volney"
## [534] "Johann F. Blumenbach"
## [535] "Julian U. Niemcewicz"
## [536] "William Patterson"
## [537] "Giambattista Scandella"
## [538] "Franz A. von Zach"
## [539] "William Boys"
## [540] "Joseph Clay"
## [541] "John R. Coxe"
## [542] "Samuel Elam"
## [543] "Benjamin H. Latrobe"
## [544] "William Maclure"
## [545] "Thomas P. Smith"
## [546] "Justus E. Bollmann"
## [547] "Samuel Brown"
## [548] "William Dunbar"
## [549] "Sir Robert Liston"
## [550] "Samuel Miller"
## [551] "Pierre S. du Pont de Nemours"
## [552] "John R. Smith"
## [553] "Francis Blanchet"
## [554] "Samuel Falberg"
## [555] "Jose J. de Ferrer"
## [556] "Robert R. Livingston"
## [557] "Gustav Paykull"
## [558] "Fran Peyrolon"
## [559] "Alexander Ramirez"
## [560] "William Barnwell"
## [561] "John Church"
## [562] "Thomas Cooper"
## [563] "Valentin de Foronda"
## [564] "John Garnett"
## [565] "Marquis de C.M. Martinez Casa Irujo"
## [566] "William S. Jacobs"
## [567] "Philippe R. Roume de St. Laurent"
## [568] "Phillippe J. Letsom"
## [569] "James Mease"
## [570] "Peter B. Olsen"
## [571] "Philip S. Physick"
## [572] "Jarvis Roebuck"
## [573] "William Roxburgh"
## [574] "Benjamin Dearborn"
## [575] "Jean B.J. Delambre"
## [576] "Robert Gilmore"
## [577] "Robert Hare"
## [578] "Meriwether Lewis"
## [579] "Dan Melanderhjelm"
## [580] "Francis Nichols"
## [581] "Eric Prosperin"
## [582] "David Ramsay"
## [583] "Benjamin Thompson"
## [584] "Pedro Caevallos"
## [585] "Antonio J. Cavanilles"
## [586] "Zaccheus Collins"
## [587] "Joshua Gilpin"
## [588] "Prince Manuel Godoy"
## [589] "Baron von F.H. Alexander Humboldt"
## [590] "David Humphreys"
## [591] "Edward Jenner"
## [592] "William Short"
## [593] "Sam Webber"
## [594] "Joseph Willard"
## [595] "William Hawes"
## [596] "Edward Miller"
## [597] "Samuel Moore"
## [598] "John Prince"
## [599] "Charles Smith"
## [600] "William Tilghman"
## [601] "F.A. Vanderkemp"
## [602] "Bushrod Washington"
## [603] "Adrien G. Camper"
## [604] "Joseph Cloud"
## [605] "Samuel F. Conover"
## [606] "William Dubourg"
## [607] "John Maclean"
## [608] "Martinus van Martius"
## [609] "Joseph Sansom"
## [610] "Francisco de Borja Garcao Stockler"
## [611] "Olof Swartz"
## [612] "Comte Antoine L.C. Desturr de Tracy"
## [613] "Samuel B. Wylie"
## [614] "Archibald Bruce"
## [615] "John E. Forstroem"
## [616] "James Gibson"
## [617] "Ferd R. Hassler"
## [618] "George Izard"
## [619] "John McDowell"
## [620] "Ir _ e Du Pont"
## [621] "Comte de Charles P. Lasteyrie du Saillant"
## [622] "Horace Binney"
## [623] "Edward Penington"
## [624] "Joel Barlow"
## [625] "Ross Cuthbert"
## [626] "George William Featherstonhaugh"
## [627] "Robert Fulton"
## [628] "Silvain Godon"
## [629] "Francois A. Michaux"
## [630] "Thomas Moore"
## [631] "David B. Warden"
## [632] "James Winthrop"
## [633] "J.H. Brinton"
## [634] "Humphry Davy"
## [635] "George Gibbs"
## [636] "John Haighton"
## [637] "David Hosack"
## [638] "William Johnson"
## [639] "William Bentley"
## [640] "John Davis"
## [641] "John M. Good"
## [642] "Louis N. Vanquelin"
## [643] "Charles J. Wister"
## [644] "Robert Adrain"
## [645] "Benjamin Allen"
## [646] "Jose F. Correa da Serra"
## [647] "Robert Walsh"
## [648] "W.P.C. Barton"
## [649] "Nicholas Biddle"
## [650] "Charles Chauncey"
## [651] "Constant Dumeril"
## [652] "Reuben Haines"
## [653] "William Hembel"
## [654] "William T. Meredith"
## [655] "Benjamin R. Morgan"
## [656] "George Pollock"
## [657] "Anders J. Retzius"
## [658] "John Sergeant"
## [659] "Alexander Wilson"
## [660] "Nathaniel Stout Allison"
## [661] "Frederick Beasley"
## [662] "John G. Biddle"
## [663] "De Witt Clinton"
## [664] "James Cutbush"
## [665] "John S. Dorsey"
## [666] "Thomas Gilpin"
## [667] "John Gummere"
## [668] "John E. Hall"
## [669] "Joseph G. Swift"
## [670] "James P. Wilson"
## [671] "Samuel Colhoun"
## [672] "James Gray"
## [673] "Charles W. Hare"
## [674] "Joseph Hartshorne"
## [675] "Joseph Hopkinson"
## [676] "Charles J. Ingersoll"
## [677] "Joseph P. Norris"
## [678] "John M. Scott"
## [679] "Carlo Botta"
## [680] "Abiel Holmes"
## [681] "Jared Mansfield"
## [682] "Joseph Reed"
## [683] "Isaiah Thomas"
## [684] "Gerard Troost"
## [685] "Joseph P.F. Deleuze"
## [686] "Johann P. Frank"
## [687] "William Gaston"
## [688] "Jos. von Hammer-Purgstall"
## [689] "Charles A. Lesueur"
## [690] "William Meade"
## [691] "Charles F. Mercer"
## [692] "Jean C. de la Metherie"
## [693] "Eugenius Nulty"
## [694] "Thomas Nuttall"
## [695] "George Ord"
## [696] "John C. Otto"
## [697] "Thomas Say"
## [698] "Lewis Schweinitz"
## [699] "Joseph von Sonnenfels"
## [700] "Henry Steinhauer"
## [701] "Edward Troughton"
## [702] "Johann S. Vater"
## [703] "John Q. Adams"
## [704] "Friedrich Adelung"
## [705] "Jacob Bigelow"
## [706] "Daniel Drake"
## [707] "Nicholas Fuss"
## [708] "Paul Jackson"
## [709] "Noel de la Moriniere"
## [710] "Joseph Swain"
## [711] "Gotthilf Fischer Von Waldheim"
## [712] "Johann A. Albers"
## [713] "Henri M. Ducrotay de Blainville"
## [714] "Alexandre Brongniart"
## [715] "Redmond Conyngham"
## [716] "Anselme G. Desmarest"
## [717] "William P. Dewees"
## [718] "John Eberle"
## [719] "Stephan Elliot"
## [720] "L.H. Girardin"
## [721] "William E. Horner"
## [722] "Louis M. Langles"
## [723] "Comte de Jean D. Lanjuinais"
## [724] "Pierre A. Latreille"
## [725] "John Murray"
## [726] "Jacob Perkins"
## [727] "Fred C. Schaeffer"
## [728] "Guillaume T. Tilesius"
## [729] "Roberts Vaux"
## [730] "Franklin Bache"
## [731] "John J. Berzelius"
## [732] "J.A. Borgnis"
## [733] "William Gibson"
## [734] "Baron von Joseph Hormayr"
## [735] "Samuel F. Jarvis"
## [736] "Matthew Lesseps"
## [737] "Isaiah Lukens"
## [738] "William Marsden"
## [739] "Jacques P. Merigon de Montgery"
## [740] "John Pickering"
## [741] "William Strickland"
## [742] "Peter Afzelius"
## [743] "Clement C. Biddle"
## [744] "Elisha De Butts"
## [745] "Mathew Carey"
## [746] "Langdon Cheves"
## [747] "John B. Gibson"
## [748] "Levitt Harris"
## [749] "George A. Otis"
## [750] "Count Gustavus Wetterstedt"
## [751] "James Workman"
## [752] "Sir James Wylie"
## [753] "Solomon W. Conrad"
## [754] "Jose B. de Andrada e Silva"
## [755] "Richard Harlan"
## [756] "Baron von Wilhelm Humboldt"
## [757] "William H. Keating"
## [758] "Zacharias Nordmark"
## [759] "Samuel Parkes"
## [760] "Peder Pedersen"
## [761] "Peter Poletica"
## [762] "Condy Raguet"
## [763] "Gottlob E. Schultze"
## [764] "Jons Svanberg"
## [765] "Lardner Vanuxem"
## [766] "Joseph Bonaparte"
## [767] "Lucien Bonaparte"
## [768] "Benjamin H. Coates"
## [769] "William B. Collyer"
## [770] "James F. Cooper"
## [771] "Gaspard Deabbate"
## [772] "Jean M. Duponceau"
## [773] "Samuel Jackson"
## [774] "Jason O'B Lawrence"
## [775] "Sir William Lawrence"
## [776] "Stephen H. Long"
## [777] "Paul de Lovenorn"
## [778] "William J. Macneven"
## [779] "Baron Charles E Coquebert de Mountbret"
## [780] "John Plitt"
## [781] "Heinrich C. Schumacher"
## [782] "Count de Joseph B. Survilliers"
## [783] "Nathaniel A. Ware"
## [784] "Charles Lucien Bonaparte"
## [785] "Heinrich J. Klaproth"
## [786] "Ivan Krusenstern"
## [787] "Severin Lorich"
## [788] "Joseph B. McKean"
## [789] "Alexander Pearson"
## [790] "Henry Seybert"
## [791] "Moses Stuart"
## [792] "Conrad J. Temminck"
## [793] "Charles N. Bancker"
## [794] "John J. Bigsby"
## [795] "Thomas Cadwalader"
## [796] "Comte de Andre F. Miot"
## [797] "Pierre J.M. Flourens"
## [798] "John D. Godman"
## [799] "Joseph R. Ingersoll"
## [800] "John K. Kane"
## [801] "Count John Laval"
## [802] "Jos_ da Silva Lisboa"
## [803] "Edward Livingston"
## [804] "Comte Francois P. Real"
## [805] "Count Nicholas Rumiantzov"
## [806] "Philip Tidyman"
## [807] "Lewis Cass"
## [808] "Samuel Humphreys"
## [809] "Jakob, Grefve Graberg af Hemso"
## [810] "Pablo de la Llave"
## [811] "William McIlvaine"
## [812] "Charles D. Meigs"
## [813] "William Schaler"
## [814] "William Shaler"
## [815] "Henri C.G. de Struve"
## [816] "John L. Tiarks"
## [817] "James Brown"
## [818] "Marcus Bull"
## [819] "John W. Dalman"
## [820] "George Emlen"
## [821] "Joachim P.C. Giraldez"
## [822] "John K. Mitchell"
## [823] "Rene La Roche"
## [824] "James Rush"
## [825] "Charles Tait"
## [826] "Honore Torombert"
## [827] "John P. Wetherill"
## [828] "Giovanni M. Zecchinelli"
## [829] "Samuel Betton"
## [830] "Jose M. Bustamante"
## [831] "Jose M. Dantas"
## [832] "Robert E. Griffith"
## [833] "Thomas Harris"
## [834] "Henry J. Anderson"
## [835] "Isaac Lea"
## [836] "Samuel G. Morton"
## [837] "Charles Pickering"
## [838] "James Renwick"
## [839] "Jose M. Salazar"
## [840] "George Ticknor"
## [841] "Robert B. Semple"
## [842] "Howard Maloom"
## [843] "Heman Lincoln"
## [844] "Thomas B. Ripley"
## [845] "Lucius Bolles"
## [846] "Daniel Sharp"
## [847] "Jonathan Going"
## [848] "H. Lincoln"
## [849] "J.D. Knowles"
## [850] "G. F. Davis"
## [851] "Bela Jacobs"
## [852] "Abiel Fisher"
## [853] "F. Wayland Jr."
## [854] "Irah Chase"
## [855] "Stephen Gano"
## [856] "James Loring"
## [857] "B. C. Grafton"
## [858] "Henry Jackson"
## [859] "Jonathan Bacheller"
## [860] "Levi Farwell"
## [861] "Joseph W. Sawyer"
## [862] "Jonathan Merriam"
## [863] "John Conant"
## [864] "David Benedict"
## [865] "William Gammell"
## [866] "Asa Wilcox"
## [867] "S. H. Cone"
## [868] "J. C. Murphy"
## [869] "R. Thompson"
## [870] "William Colgate"
## [871] "Archibald Maclay"
## [872] "Aaron Perkins"
## [873] "Thomas Stokes"
## [874] "Samuel W. Lynd"
## [875] "Daniel Haskell"
## [876] "Elon Galuska"
## [877] "Daniel Putnam"
## [878] "H. Malcom"
## [879] "John Stanford"
## [880] "Thomas Garniss"
## [881] "Thomas Purser"
## [882] "Joshua Gilbert"
## [883] "Charles G. Sommers"
## [884] "William C. Hawley"
## [885] "Rufus Babcock"
## [886] "Nathaniel Kendrick"
## [887] "Lewis Leonard"
## [888] "Stephen Olmsted"
## [889] "Thomas Brown"
## [890] "James E. Welch"
## [891] "Samuel Eastman"
## [892] "John M. Peck"
## [893] "John L. Dagg"
## [894] "David Jones"
## [895] "William E. Ashton"
## [896] "Joseph Maylin"
## [897] "O. B. Brown"
## [898] "G. S. Webb"
## [899] "Isaac Clark"
## [900] "Samuel Cornelius"
## [901] "Luther Rice"
## [902] "Joseph Thaw"
## [903] "William Ruggles"
## [904] "George Patterson"
## [905] "Enoch Reynolds"
## [906] "Robert Ryland"
## [907] "John Kerr"
## [908] "William Crane"
## [909] "Eli Ball"
## [910] "H. C. Thompson"
## [911] "Noah Davis"
## [912] "Joseph B. Cook"
## [913] "William B. Johnson"
## [914] "Charles D. Mallory"
## [915] "James Graham"
## [916] "Jesse Mercer"
## [917] "William T. Brantley"
## [918] "Adiel Sherwood"
## [919] "Abner Davis"
## [920] "Samuel Adams"
## [921] "John Bacon"
## [922] "Charles Chauncy"
## [923] "John Clarke"
## [924] "David Cobb"
## [925] "Samuel Cooper"
## [926] "Nathan Cushing"
## [927] "Thomas Cushing"
## [928] "William Cushing"
## [929] "Tristram Dalton"
## [930] "Francis Dalton"
## [931] "Samuel Deane"
## [932] "Perez Fobes"
## [933] "Caleb Gannett"
## [934] "Henry Gardner"
## [935] "Benjamin Guild"
## [936] "John Hancock"
## [937] "Joseph Hawley"
## [938] "Edward Augustus Holyoke"
## [939] "Ebenezer Hunt"
## [940] "Jonathan Jackson"
## [941] "Charles Jarvis"
## [942] "Samuel Langdon"
## [943] "Levi Lincoln"
## [944] "Daniel Little"
## [945] "Elijah Lothrop"
## [946] "John Lowell"
## [947] "Samuel Mather"
## [948] "Samuel Moody"
## [949] "Joseph Orne"
## [950] "Robert Treat Paine"
## [951] "Theodore Parsons"
## [952] "George Partridge"
## [953] "Phillips Payson"
## [954] "Samuel Phillips"
## [955] "Oliver Prescott"
## [956] "Zedekiah Sanger"
## [957] "Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant"
## [958] "Micajah Sawyer"
## [959] "Theodore Sedgwick"
## [960] "William Sever"
## [961] "David Sewall"
## [962] "Stephen Sewall"
## [963] "John Sprague"
## [964] "Ebenezer Storer"
## [965] "Caleb Strong"
## [966] "James Sulliivan"
## [967] "John Barnard Swett"
## [968] "Nathaniel Tracy"
## [969] "Cotton Tufts"
## [970] "James Warren"
## [971] "Samuel West"
## [972] "Edward Wigglesworth"
## [973] "Abraham Williams"
## [974] "Nehemiah Williams"
## [975] "Francois Barbe-Marbois"
## [976] "Joseph Brown"
## [977] "Francois Jean Chastellux"
## [978] "Antoine Court de Geblin"
## [979] "Richard Cranch"
## [980] "Jean le Rond d\x90Alembert"
## [981] "Timothy Danielson"
## [982] "Anne Cesar de la Luzerne"
## [983] "Timothy Edwards"
## [984] "Benjamin Franklin"
## [985] "Benjamin Gale"
## [986] "Elbridge Gerry"
## [987] "Simeon Howard"
## [988] "Joseph-Jerome le Francais Lalande"
## [989] "Benjamin Lincoln"
## [990] "Samuel Osgood"
## [991] "Theophilus Parson"
## [992] "Eliphat Pearson"
## [993] "Ezra Stiles"
## [994] "Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin"
## [995] "John Warren"
## [996] "Benjamin West"
## [997] "Loammi Baldwin"
## [998] "Owen Biddle"
## [999] "Georges Georges Louis Buffon"
## [1000] "Comte de Leclerc"
## [1001] "Leonhard Euler"
## [1002] "Jacques Constant de Guillaume Liberge de Granchain"
## [1003] "Jacques Constant de Guillaume"
## [1004] "Comte de Liberge de"
## [1005] "Thomas Brand Hollis"
## [1006] "William Livingston"
## [1007] "David Rittenhouse"
## [1008] "Jonathan Trumbull"
## [1009] "Meshech Weare"
## [1010] "Edme Sebastien Jeaurat"
## [1011] "Thomas Dawes"
## [1012] "Aaron Dexter"
## [1013] "William Erving"
## [1014] "Samuel Hale"
## [1015] "Samuel Gustaf Hermelin"
## [1016] "John Sparhawk"
## [1017] "Petter Jonas Bergius"
## [1018] "Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de Lafayette, Marquis de Lafayette "
## [1019] "Henry Moyes"
## [1020] "Luigi Castiglioni"
## [1021] "Jean Feron"
## [1022] "John Jones Spooner"
## [1023] "Samuel Vaughan Sr."
## [1024] "Nathaniel Wells"
## [1025] "Noah Atwater"
## [1026] "Joseph Banks"
## [1027] "George Cabot"
## [1028] "Jean Dominque Cassini"
## [1029] "Johann Jacob Hemmer"
## [1030] "William Herschel"
## [1031] "Thomas Hornsby"
## [1032] "Charles Hutton"
## [1033] "Nicholas Pike"
## [1034] "Joseph Pope"
## [1035] "Benjamin Rush"
## [1036] "Thomas Russell"
## [1037] "Jonathan Stokes"
## [1038] "Richard Watson"
## [1039] "Pedro Francisco Jimenez de Gongora y Lujan, Duque deAlmodovar del Rio"
## [1040] "Nathaniel Walker Appleton"
## [1041] "William Baylies"
## [1042] "Charles Blagden"
## [1043] "Jacques Pierre Brissot de Warville"
## [1044] "Antoine Marie Cerisier"
## [1045] "Samuel Danforth"
## [1046] "Charles William Frederick Dumas"
## [1047] "John Haygarth"
## [1048] "Edmund Jennings"
## [1049] "Jean Luzac"
## [1050] "Archibald Maclaine"
## [1051] "George Richards Minot"
## [1052] "Frederik Willem Pestel"
## [1053] "Samuel Webber"
## [1054] "Joseph Philippe de'Etombe"
## [1055] "Solomon Drown"
## [1056] "George Erving"
## [1057] "John Howard"
## [1058] "Johann Wilhelm Karl Adolph Freiherr Hupsch"
## [1059] "Samuel Kirkland"
## [1060] "John Lathrop"
## [1061] "Samuel Shaw"
## [1062] "Grimur Jonsson Thorkelin"
## [1063] "Robert Young"
## [1064] "Charles Bulfinch"
## [1065] "John Singleton Copley"
## [1066] "John Cranch"
## [1067] "Samuel Dexter"
## [1068] "William Paine"
## [1069] "Nathan Read"
## [1070] "Increase Sumner"
## [1071] "Samuel Tenney"
## [1072] "Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Cariat Condorcet"
## [1073] "Joseph Lathrop"
## [1074] "John Mellen Jr."
## [1075] "Fisher Ames"
## [1076] "Oliver Everett"
## [1077] "James Freeman"
## [1078] "William Dandridge Peck"
## [1079] "Nathaniel Appleton"
## [1080] "Johann Friedrich Blumenbach"
## [1081] "Charles Vaughan"
## [1082] "Thomas Welsh"
## [1083] "Thomas Brattle"
## [1084] "Christopher Gore"
## [1085] "Joseph McKeen"
## [1086] "Jedidiah Morse"
## [1087] "Isaac Rand"
## [1088] "William Spooner"
## [1089] "David Tappan"
## [1090] "Peter Thacher"
## [1091] "Edward Bancroft"
## [1092] "Timothy Dwight"
## [1093] "John Haliburton"
## [1094] "Samuel Latham Mitchill"
## [1095] "John Sinclair"
## [1096] "Thomas Barnard"
## [1097] "Theophilus Bradbury"
## [1098] "Mather Brown"
## [1099] "Franz Xaver von Zach"
## [1100] "John Thornton Kirkland"
## [1101] "Edward Hutchinson Robbins"
## [1102] "Benjamin DeWitt"
## [1103] "William Falconer"
## [1104] "Samuel Sewall"
## [1105] "Timothy Bigelow"
## [1106] "Oliver Ellsworth"
## [1107] "William Emerson"
## [1108] "Benard Edward Howard"
## [1109] "William Petty-Fitzmaurice Lansdowne"
## [1110] "Allan Pollock"
## [1111] "Josiah Quincy"
## [1112] "James Thacher"
## [1113] "Joseph Lyman"
## [1114] "John Marshall"
## [1115] "Harrison Gray Otis"
## [1116] "Joshua Thomas"
## [1117] "Gustav von Paykull"
## [1118] "Henry Ware"
## [1119] "Aaron Bancroft"
## [1120] "John Eliot"
## [1121] "Levi Hedge"
## [1122] "Rufus King"
## [1123] "Olof Peter Swartz"
## [1124] "John Treadwell"
## [1125] "Samuel Eliot"
## [1126] "Thaddeus Mason Harris"
## [1127] "Daniel Kilham"
## [1128] "Dudley Atkins Tyng"
## [1129] "Thomas Thacher"
## [1130] "Francis Adrian Van der Kemp"
## [1131] "John Allyn"
## [1132] "Stephen Elliott"
## [1133] "John Farrar"
## [1134] "John Clarke Howard"
## [1135] "John Snelling Popkin"
## [1136] "Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz"
## [1137] "John Collins Warren"
## [1138] "Sidney Willard"
## [1139] "Joseph Stevens Buckminster"
## [1140] "William Ellery Channing"
## [1141] "Cornelis De Gijselaar"
## [1142] "John Pierce"
## [1143] "Charles Stearns"
## [1144] "(Johann) Gotthelf (Friedrich) Fischer von Waldheim"
## [1145] "Nicolaus von Fuss"
## [1146] "Frederick Hall"
## [1147] "Horace Holley"
## [1148] "George Gardner Lee"
## [1149] "Icabod Nichols"
## [1150] "Benjamin Lynde Oliver"
## [1151] "Elijah Paine"
## [1152] "Friedrich Theodor Schubert"
## [1153] "Peter Oxenbridge Thacher"
## [1154] "Joseph Tilden"
## [1155] "John DexterTreadwell"
## [1156] "Daniel Appleton White"
## [1157] "Leonard Woods"
## [1158] "Rufus Wyman"
## [1159] "Robert Adrian"
## [1160] "Jeremiah Day"
## [1161] "Abraham Rees"
## [1162] "Asahel Stearns"
## [1163] "William Sullivan"
## [1164] "Samuel Swett"
## [1165] "William Wells"
## [1166] "Thomas Lindall Winthrop"
## [1167] "Samuel Cary"
## [1168] "Jose Francisco Correa de Serra"
## [1169] "Jean Antoine Fabre"
## [1170] "Levi Frisbie"
## [1171] "Andrews Norton"
## [1172] "Timothy Pickering"
## [1173] "Benjamin Pickman"
## [1174] "William Prescott"
## [1175] "Horatio Gates Spafford"
## [1176] "Clinton DeWitt"
## [1177] "Joseph Green Cogswell"
## [1178] "Samuel Willard"
## [1179] "Charles Jackson"
## [1180] "Walter Channing"
## [1181] "Chester Dewey"
## [1182] "George Hayward"
## [1183] "Benjamin Hobhouse"
## [1184] "Bezaleel Howard"
## [1185] "Francis Calley Gray"
## [1186] "Nathan Hale"
## [1187] "Simeon Denis Poisson"
## [1188] "John Pond"
## [1189] "William Hyde Wollaston"
## [1190] "Thomas Young"
## [1191] "William Allen"
## [1192] "John Brazer"
## [1193] "Edward Tyrrel Channing"
## [1194] "Caleb Cushing Henry Alexander Dearborn"
## [1195] "Enoch Hale"
## [1196] "William Jackson Hooker"
## [1197] "Samuel Howe"
## [1198] "Samuel Farmar Jarvis"
## [1199] "Thomas Nutall"
## [1200] "Williard Phillips"
## [1201] "Lemuel Shaw"
## [1202] "Daniel Stansbury"
## [1203] "Daniel Treadwell"
## [1204] "John Ware"
## [1205] "John White Webster"
## [1206] "Joseph Emerson Worcester"
## [1207] "James Trecothick Austin"
## [1208] "George Blake"
## [1209] "Alexander Hill Everett"
## [1210] "Samuel Hoar"
## [1211] "Samuel Putnam"
## [1212] "Leverett Saltonstall"
## [1213] "James Savage"
## [1214] "Henry James Brooke"
## [1215] "William Buckland"
## [1216] "Johann Gottfried Eichhorn"
## [1217] "John Murray Forbes"
## [1218] "James Luce Kingsley"
## [1219] "Manuel Moreno"
## [1220] "Octavius Pickering"
## [1221] "Joel Robert Poinsett"
## [1222] "Samuel Sumner Wilde"
## [1223] "Washington Allston"
## [1224] "Charles Davies"
## [1225] "Warren Colburn"
## [1226] "George Barrell Emerson"
## [1227] "Charles Folsom"
## [1228] "Thaddeus William Harris"
## [1229] "Solomon Pearson Miles"
## [1230] "Johann Georg Heinrich Hassel"
## [1231] "Julius von Wallenstein"
## [1232] "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac"
## [1233] "Davies Gilbert"
## [1234] "Benjamin Daniel Greene"
## [1235] "William Rowan Hamilton"
## [1236] "John Frederick William Herschel"
## [1237] "Everard Home"
## [1238] "Henry Kater"
## [1239] "Adrien Marie Legendre"
## [1240] "John William Lubbock"
## [1241] "Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana"
## [1242] "Theodore Strong"
## [1243] "N.S. Allinson"
## [1244] "John Barnes"
## [1245] "Edward Barton"
## [1246] "Moses Brown"
## [1247] "George T Bowen"
## [1248] "William Y Birch"
## [1249] "Charles Lucien Bonapart"
## [1250] "Charles N Bancker"
## [1251] "John M Brewer"
## [1252] "Robert Montgomery Bird"
## [1253] "Alexander Dallas Bache"
## [1254] "Marmaduke Burrough"
## [1255] "Joseph Miguel Carrera Verdugo"
## [1256] "Isaac Cleaver"
## [1257] "Caleb Carmalt"
## [1258] "Edward Clark"
## [1259] "Reynell Coates"
## [1260] "David Connor"
## [1261] "George W. Carpenter"
## [1262] "John Y. Clark"
## [1263] "Judah Dobson"
## [1264] "Joseph H. Dulles"
## [1265] "Rudolph Dietz"
## [1266] "Robert Frazier"
## [1267] "Joseph Fisher"
## [1268] "Thomas Fisher"
## [1269] "Jacob Gilliams"
## [1270] "H. Gordon"
## [1271] "Lewis Gilliams"
## [1272] "George W. Farman"
## [1273] "Paul Beck Goddard"
## [1274] "Isaac Hayes"
## [1275] "Charles Hedelius"
## [1276] "Samuel Hazard"
## [1277] "Thomas P Jones"
## [1278] "Augustus E. Jessup"
## [1279] "Walter R. Johnson"
## [1280] "John M Keagy"
## [1281] "Isaih Lukins"
## [1282] "John Lea Jr."
## [1283] "Joshua Longstreth"
## [1284] "Charles Lesuer"
## [1285] "R. La Roche"
## [1286] "Camillus Mc Mahon"
## [1287] "John Manners"
## [1288] "George A Madiera"
## [1289] "Thomas McEwan"
## [1290] "Samuel George Morton"
## [1291] "Henry J. Markland"
## [1292] "N.S. Parmentier"
## [1293] "Rubens Peale"
## [1294] "Jacob Pearce"
## [1295] "Titian Peale"
## [1296] "Charles A. Poulson"
## [1297] "Caspar W. Pennock"
## [1298] "Jonas Preston"
## [1299] "C. Paul"
## [1300] "Saul T. Penrose"
## [1301] "Robert E. Peterson"
## [1302] "Joseph Rotch"
## [1303] "Richard Randolph"
## [1304] "Caleb Richardson"
## [1305] "Thomas Rotch"
## [1306] "C. S. Rafinesque"
## [1307] "Charles M. Reese"
## [1308] "James Read"
## [1309] "M.M. Reeve"
## [1310] "John Shinn Jr."
## [1311] "John Speakman"
## [1312] "Joseph Stouse"
## [1313] "Benjamin Say"
## [1314] "E. B. Stockton"
## [1315] "Charles W. Smith"
## [1316] "Jacob R. Smith"
## [1317] "Daniel B. Smith"
## [1318] "William Stuart"
## [1319] "George Shackman"
## [1320] "Joseph P. Smith"
## [1321] "Andrew B. Spence"
## [1322] "Henry Steinham"
## [1323] "G. Troost"
## [1324] "R. Vause"
## [1325] "Benjamin Warner"
## [1326] "Jonathan F. Waterhouse"
## [1327] "William S. Warden"
## [1328] "Joseph Woolens"
## [1329] "William Wagner"
## [1330] "Joseph Watson"
## [1331] "Tobias Wagner"
## [1332] "George B. Wood"
## [1333] "Henry J. Williams"
## [1334] "William W. Wood"
## [1335] "Pardon Bowen"
## [1336] "Mason F. Cogswell"
## [1337] "Astley Cooper"
## [1338] "Ammi R. Cutter"
## [1339] "Manassah Cutler"
## [1340] "John R. Farre"
## [1341] "John Feron"
## [1342] "Peter Green"
## [1343] "Lemuel Hopkins"
## [1344] "George Jones"
## [1345] "Adam Kuhn"
## [1346] "Lemuel Kollock"
## [1347] "John C. Lettsom"
## [1348] "Charles McKnight"
## [1349] "John Morgan"
## [1350] "John Osborne"
## [1351] "William Shippen"
## [1352] "Isaac Center"
## [1353] "Nathan Smith"
## [1354] "Elias Willard"
## [1355] "Edward Wyer"
## [1356] "James Wylie"
## [1357] "Henry Wells"
## [1358] "Elisha Whitney,"
## [1359] "William S. Williams"
## [1360] "Thomas Williams"
## [1361] "Tapley Wyeth"
## [1362] "Joseph Whipple"
## [1363] "William Whiting"
## [1364] "Charles W. Winship"
## [1365] "Sylvester Woodbridge"
## [1366] "Elias Weld"
## [1367] "Timothy Wellington"
## [1368] "Silas Wheelock"
## [1369] "Isaac Warren"
## [1370] "John Williams"
## [1371] "Samuel Weed"
## [1372] "Noah Whitman Jr."
## [1373] "Jonathan Wild Jr."
## [1374] "Daniel Wardwell"
## [1375] "Eli Wing"
## [1376] "William J. Walker"
## [1377] "Peter Whitney"
## [1378] "Joseph Warren"
## [1379] "George Willard"
## [1380] "John W. Webster"
## [1381] "Orrin Wright"
## [1382] "Jonathan Wales Jr."
## [1383] "Leonard Williams"
## [1384] "William C. Whittredge"
## [1385] "Seth Washburn"
## [1386] "Asa G. Welch"
## [1387] "George Wilkins"
## [1388] "James M. Whittemore"
## [1389] "Abel Wilder"
## [1390] "John D. Wells"
## [1391] "Samuel Young"
## [1392] "Solmon D. Townsend"
## [1393] "David Townsend"
## [1394] "Thomas Thaxter"
## [1395] "Phillip Theobold"
## [1396] "Joseph Torrey"
## [1397] "William Towner"
## [1398] "Simon Tufts"
## [1399] "Gridley Thaxter"
## [1400] "Grosvenor Tarbell"
## [1401] "Phillip E. Theobold"
## [1402] "Calvin Tilden"
## [1403] "Enoch S. Tappan"
## [1404] "Charles Trafton"
## [1405] "Piatt B. Tyler"
## [1406] "Jacob Tewksbury"
## [1407] "Ezekiel Thaxter"
## [1408] "Stephen Thayer"
## [1409] "Samuel Titus"
## [1410] "Alexander Thayer"
## [1411] "Arad Thompson"
## [1412] "Amos Taylor,"
## [1413] "Francis Vergnies"
## [1414] "John Vanhorn"
## [1415] "John Walton"
## [1416] "Robert Worthington"
## [1417] "Charles W. Wilder"
## [1418] "Stephen W. Williams"
## [1419] "Israel Whiton"
## [1420] "George Ware"
## [1421] "Richard Wells"
## [1422] "Daniel Stone"
## [1423] "Nathaniel Swift"
## [1424] "Richard C. Shannon"
## [1425] "Luther Stearns"
## [1426] "Nathaniel Smith, Jr."
## [1427] "Joseph Sampson"
## [1428] "Moses Sweet"
## [1429] "James H. Sargent"
## [1430] "John Starkweather"
## [1431] "Joseph L. Stevens"
## [1432] "Richard S. Spofford"
## [1433] "Caleb H. Stickney"
## [1434] "Thomas Sears"
## [1435] "Stillman Spaulding"
## [1436] "Thaddeus Spaulding"
## [1437] "Thomas Sturtevant"
## [1438] "Paul Spooner"
## [1439] "Woodbridge Strong"
## [1440] "Samuel A. Shurtleff"
## [1441] "William Sweetser"
## [1442] "John M. Smith"
## [1443] "Caleb H. Snow"
## [1444] "Jonathan Stone"
## [1445] "Renjamin Seabury"
## [1446] "John P. Spooner"
## [1447] "Jerome V. C. Smith"
## [1448] "Robert B. Severance"
## [1449] "Lyndon A. Smith"
## [1450] "Asa Story"
## [1451] "Joseph Shed"
## [1452] "Stephen H. Shelding"
## [1453] "John D. Treadwell"
## [1454] "Calvin Thomas"
## [1455] "Robert Thaxter"
## [1456] "Daniel Thurber"
## [1457] "William H. Tyler"
## [1458] "Abraham R. Thompson"
## [1459] "George C. Shattuck"
## [1460] "Alpheus F. Stone"
## [1461] "John Stone"
## [1462] "Benjamin Shurtleff"
## [1463] "Jeremiah Spofford"
## [1464] "Jeremy Stimpson"
## [1465] "William Stone"
## [1466] "William Sheldon"
## [1467] "John Stockbridge"
## [1468] "Enos Smith"
## [1469] "Peter Snow"
## [1470] "Daniel Shute"
## [1471] "Jonathan Sibley"
## [1472] "Nathaniel Saltonstall"
## [1473] "Samuel Savage"
## [1474] "Remembrance Sheldon"
## [1475] "Amos Spofford"
## [1476] "Ezra Starkweather"
## [1477] "Foster Swift"
## [1478] "John B. Swett"
## [1479] "Charles Stockbridge"
## [1480] "John Swett,"
## [1481] "Elisha Story,"
## [1482] "Erastus Sargeant"
## [1483] "Marshall Spring"
## [1484] "Moses D. Spofford"
## [1485] "Ebenezer Starr"
## [1486] "John Scammel"
## [1487] "Issachar Snell"
## [1488] "Jonathan Shearer"
## [1489] "Lawrence Sprague"
## [1490] "Daniel Swan"
## [1491] "Ephraim Stone"
## [1492] "Daniel Porter"
## [1493] "Abner Phelps"
## [1494] "William Parkhurst"
## [1495] "Benjamin Pond Jr."
## [1496] "George Parkman"
## [1497] "Josiah Prescott"
## [1498] "Gustavus D. Peck"
## [1499] "Fredrick A. Parker"
## [1500] "Sylvanus Plympton"
## [1501] "Silas Pearson"
## [1502] "Nathaniel Pierce"
## [1503] "Moses Phelps"
## [1504] "Thomas Phipps"
## [1505] "Nathan Perry"
## [1506] "Thomas W. Parsons"
## [1507] "Sturgis Phinney"
## [1508] "Augustus T. Parker"
## [1509] "John Randall"
## [1510] "Benjamin Rogers"
## [1511] "Alexander Read"
## [1512] "Isaac Rand,"
## [1513] "Abijah Richardson"
## [1514] "Thomas Rice"
## [1515] "Isaac Rand Jr."
## [1516] "Tilley Rice"
## [1517] "Daniel Rose"
## [1518] "Peter G. Robbins"
## [1519] "John Revere"
## [1520] "Dean Robinson"
## [1521] "Thomas Richmond"
## [1522] "Edward Reynolds Jr."
## [1523] "Chandler Robbins Jr."
## [1524] "George Russell"
## [1525] "George Osgood"
## [1526] "George Osgood Jr."
## [1527] "Joseph O. Osgood"
## [1528] "Daniel Oliver"
## [1529] "David Osgood"
## [1530] "Benjamin Osgood"
## [1531] "Amos Parker"
## [1532] "Abel L. Peirson"
## [1533] "Thomas I. Parker"
## [1534] "Thomas Pickman"
## [1535] "James Pecker"
## [1536] "Oliver Partridge"
## [1537] "Daniel Pierce"
## [1538] "Charles Pyncheon"
## [1539] "William Porter"
## [1540] "Samuel Perry"
## [1541] "Abiel Pearson"
## [1542] "Martin Phelps"
## [1543] "Cyrus Perkins"
## [1544] "Benjamin Page Jr."
## [1545] "James Parker"
## [1546] "Amariah Preston"
## [1547] "Samuel Prentis"
## [1548] "Benjamin Parker"
## [1549] "Nathaniel Peabody"
## [1550] "Ebenezer Poor"
## [1551] "Jonathan Page"
## [1552] "Charles Proctor"
## [1553] "William Payson"
## [1554] "Edmund C. Peet"
## [1555] "Freeman Perry"
## [1556] "Nathaniel S. Prentiss"
## [1557] "Nathaniel Preston"
## [1558] "Alfred Perry"
## [1559] "Ariel Mann"
## [1560] "John Merrill"
## [1561] "Joseph Manning"
## [1562] "Thomas Manning"
## [1563] "Asa Miles"
## [1564] "Stephen Munroe"
## [1565] "Thaddeus M'Carty"
## [1566] "Warham Mather,"
## [1567] "Charles Macomber"
## [1568] "Reuben D. Mussey"
## [1569] "lsaac Mulliken"
## [1570] "Jotham Moulton"
## [1571] "Caleb Miller"
## [1572] "Paul R. Metcalf"
## [1573] "Francis Moore"
## [1574] "Moses Mason Jr."
## [1575] "James McFarland"
## [1576] "Peter Mackie"
## [1577] "Thomas Mason"
## [1578] "Andrew Mackie"
## [1579] "Silas Marshall"
## [1580] "J. W. Mulliken"
## [1581] "Samuel Nye"
## [1582] "Andrew Nicholls"
## [1583] "Jonathan Newell"
## [1584] "Nathan Noyes"
## [1585] "Nathaniel Niles"
## [1586] "Paul L. Nichols"
## [1587] "Reuben Nims"
## [1588] "Benjamin L. Oliver"
## [1589] "Hector Orr"
## [1590] "Cushing Otis"
## [1591] "Joseph Osgood"
## [1592] "Jonathan Osgood"
## [1593] "Samuel Kingsbury"
## [1594] "Ashbel Kidder"
## [1595] "Seth Knowlton"
## [1596] "Francis Kittredge"
## [1597] "Aaron King"
## [1598] "Moses Kidder"
## [1599] "Henry Kittredge"
## [1600] "Gideon Kibbee"
## [1601] "Pierson T. Kendall"
## [1602] "Paul Kittredge"
## [1603] "Seth Lathrop"
## [1604] "George Leonard"
## [1605] "Isaac Lincoln"
## [1606] "John Linn"
## [1607] "Lewis Le Prelate"
## [1608] "William Lamb"
## [1609] "Jonathan Leonard"
## [1610] "Eldad Lewis"
## [1611] "Moses Little"
## [1612] "Abraham Lowe"
## [1613] "John Long"
## [1614] "Lemuel Lebarron"
## [1615] "Dan Lamb"
## [1616] "Timothy Little"
## [1617] "Joel Lyons"
## [1618] "William Lyman"
## [1619] "Rufus Longley"
## [1620] "Edward A. Lummus"
## [1621] "Nathaniel Miller"
## [1622] "Samuel Manning"
## [1623] "Ammi R. Mitchell"
## [1624] "Mathew Mayhew"
## [1625] "Luther M. Harris,"
## [1626] "Thaddeus M. Harris"
## [1627] "Appleton Howe"
## [1628] "I. Stearns Hurd"
## [1629] "Isaac Hodges"
## [1630] "Abishai Howard"
## [1631] "Samuel Hart"
## [1632] "Edward A. Holyoke Jr."
## [1633] "Anson Hooker"
## [1634] "William Ingalls"
## [1635] "CharIes Jarvis"
## [1636] "John Jeffries"
## [1637] "Timothy L. Jennison"
## [1638] "Horatio Jones"
## [1639] "Benjamin James"
## [1640] "John James"
## [1641] "Daniel James"
## [1642] "Jonathan G. Johnson"
## [1643] "Samuel Johnson"
## [1644] "Asa Jones"
## [1645] "Elisha James Jr"
## [1646] "Bela B. Jones"
## [1647] "William Kneeland"
## [1648] "Joseph Kittredge"
## [1649] "Thomas Kittredge"
## [1650] "Giles C. Kellogg"
## [1651] "Thomas Kast"
## [1652] "Aaron Kinsman"
## [1653] "Charles Kittredge"
## [1654] "John B. Kittredge"
## [1655] "Jacob Kittredge"
## [1656] "Peirson Kendall"
## [1657] "William Holland"
## [1658] "John C. Howard"
## [1659] "Gad Hitchcock"
## [1660] "Gad Hitchcock, Jr."
## [1661] "Joseph Hunt,"
## [1662] "John Hay,"
## [1663] "Abner Hearsy"
## [1664] "John Homans"
## [1665] "Estes Howe"
## [1666] "Samuel Holten"
## [1667] "Marius Howe"
## [1668] "John Hubbard"
## [1669] "Samuel Hemenway"
## [1670] "John A. Hyde"
## [1671] "Walter Hunnewell"
## [1672] "Abraham Haskell Jr."
## [1673] "Abiel Hall"
## [1674] "Joseph Huse"
## [1675] "Abner Howe"
## [1676] "Zadock Howe"
## [1677] "Oliver Hubbard"
## [1678] "Abiel Hall, Jr."
## [1679] "Uriah Hagar"
## [1680] "John Hastings"
## [1681] "Cornelius Holland"
## [1682] "Eli Hall"
## [1683] "James Hewins,"
## [1684] "Israel Hildreth Jr."
## [1685] "Amory Hunting"
## [1686] "Loammi Harrington"
## [1687] "George Hooker"
## [1688] "Rufus Hathaway"
## [1689] "Vincent Holcomb"
## [1690] "Levi W. Humphries"
## [1691] "James Holland"
## [1692] "Benjamin W. Hildreth"
## [1693] "Charles T. Hildreth"
## [1694] "Joseph Gilman"
## [1695] "Jacob Gates"
## [1696] "Roland Gelston"
## [1697] "Joseph Gardner"
## [1698] "WilIiam Gamage Jr."
## [1699] "John Green,"
## [1700] "Jones Godfrey"
## [1701] "OIiver Griswold"
## [1702] "David A. Grosvenor"
## [1703] "Daniel Green"
## [1704] "Moses Gage"
## [1705] "Otis Goodman"
## [1706] "Jacob Goodwin"
## [1707] "Josiah Goodhue"
## [1708] "Peter Goodnow"
## [1709] "Daniel Gould"
## [1710] "William Gordon"
## [1711] "John F. Gardner"
## [1712] "Joshua Green"
## [1713] "Edward A. Holyoke"
## [1714] "Abiel Heywood,"
## [1715] "Richard Hazeltine"
## [1716] "Amos Holbrook"
## [1717] "Abraham Haskell"
## [1718] "William Hooker"
## [1719] "Josiah Howe"
## [1720] "John Hart"
## [1721] "David Hunt"
## [1722] "Benjamin F. Heywood"
## [1723] "Jacob Holmes"
## [1724] "Nathan Hayward"
## [1725] "Isaac Hurd"
## [1726] "Lemuel Hayward"
## [1727] "Joshua Frost"
## [1728] "Royal Fowler"
## [1729] "Oliver Fiske"
## [1730] "Joseph Fiske"
## [1731] "Austin Flint"
## [1732] "Joseph H. Flint"
## [1733] "Dudley Fulsome"
## [1734] "Enoch Faulkner"
## [1735] "Samuel Farnsworth"
## [1736] "Noah Fearing"
## [1737] "John Field"
## [1738] "John Fleet"
## [1739] "Daniel Fogg"
## [1740] "Francis Foxcraft"
## [1741] "Nathaniel Freeman"
## [1742] "John Frink"
## [1743] "John Flagg"
## [1744] "Noah Fyefield"
## [1745] "James Foster"
## [1746] "Abel Fox"
## [1747] "Josiah D. Foster"
## [1748] "Chandler Flagg"
## [1749] "Thomas Foster"
## [1750] "Andrew Foster"
## [1751] "Seth Fobes,"
## [1752] "Amos Farnsworth"
## [1753] "Elijah J. Ford"
## [1754] "Edward Flint"
## [1755] "Timothy Fisher"
## [1756] "Josiah F. Flagg"
## [1757] "James Gardner"
## [1758] "John Gorham"
## [1759] "John Green"
## [1760] "William Gamage"
## [1761] "George Baker"
## [1762] "John M. Brewster"
## [1763] "Nehemiah Cleaveland"
## [1764] "John G. Coffin"
## [1765] "Henry H. Childs"
## [1766] "James P. Chaplin"
## [1767] "Daniel Collins"
## [1768] "Benjamin Curtis"
## [1769] "Timothy Childs"
## [1770] "John Cummings"
## [1771] "Abijah Cheever"
## [1772] "Hezekiah Clark"
## [1773] "Nathaniel Coffin,"
## [1774] "William Coffin"
## [1775] "Charles Coffin"
## [1776] "Robert Cutler"
## [1777] "William Cutler,"
## [1778] "Jonathan Crane"
## [1779] "Reuben Champion"
## [1780] "Samuel Clark"
## [1781] "Eleazar Clap"
## [1782] "Chester Cowles"
## [1783] "Rufus Cowles"
## [1784] "Isaac G. Cutler"
## [1785] "Samuel Church,"
## [1786] "Samuel Clesson"
## [1787] "Caleb Chapin"
## [1788] "Atherton Clark"
## [1789] "Benjamin Chandler"
## [1790] "Robert Carr"
## [1791] "Seth Chandler"
## [1792] "Philip Bryant"
## [1793] "Moses Baker"
## [1794] "Elliot Beckwith"
## [1795] "Anson Bates"
## [1796] "Nathaniel Bemis"
## [1797] "Henry Bagg"
## [1798] "Stephen Ball"
## [1799] "Samuel Barstow"
## [1800] "Parley Barton"
## [1801] "Erastus Beach"
## [1802] "Royal Brewster"
## [1803] "Asa Bucknam"
## [1804] "Artemas Bullard"
## [1805] "Ephraim Buck"
## [1806] "Stephen Bates"
## [1807] "David Bacon"
## [1808] "Joseph Bossuet"
## [1809] "Benjamin D. Bartlett"
## [1810] "Benjamin Bradford"
## [1811] "Caleb Boutelle"
## [1812] "Ira Bryant"
## [1813] "Williams Bradford"
## [1814] "Silas Blake"
## [1815] "James Bowen"
## [1816] "Daniel Brigham"
## [1817] "Reuben Bell"
## [1818] "Artemas Brown"
## [1819] "Joseph Bullard"
## [1820] "John S. Bartlett"
## [1821] "Silas Brown"
## [1822] "Asaph Byam"
## [1823] "William Bridgman"
## [1824] "Oliver Bliss"
## [1825] "Leavit Bates"
## [1826] "Gamaliel Bradford"
## [1827] "William Ballard"
## [1828] "Josiah Bartlett"
## [1829] "Thomas Boulton"
## [1830] "Benjamin Austin"
## [1831] "Jason Ayres"
## [1832] "Zabdiel B. Adams"
## [1833] "Helaz Alvoord"
## [1834] "John Brooks"
## [1835] "John Bartlett"
## [1836] "Sthphen Batcheller Jr."
## [1837] "Amos Bancroft"
## [1838] "Benjamin Bill"
## [1839] "Nathaniel Bradstreet"
## [1840] "Thomas Bucklin"
## [1841] "John B. Brown"
## [1842] "Josiah Batchelder"
## [1843] "Hubbard Bartlett"
## [1844] "Samuel Bugbee"
## [1845] "Hugo Burghardt"
## [1846] "Asa Burbank,"
## [1847] "*Josiah Bartlett"
## [1848] "William Baylies II"
## [1849] "Thomas Babbit"
## [1850] "Benjamin Brown"
## [1851] "Asa Bullard"
## [1852] "Alvan Bacon"
## [1853] "Joshua Barker"
## [1854] "Oliver Brewster"
## [1855] "Horace Bean"
## [1856] "Peter Bryant"
## [1857] "Jeremiah Barker"
## [1858] "Josiah W. Brewster"
## [1859] "William Buel"
## [1860] "Jesse Billow"
## [1861] "Edmund Buxton"
## [1862] "George Boles"
## [1863] "Gideon Bristow"
## [1864] "Calvin Briggs"
## [1865] "Ebenezer Alden"
## [1866] "Willard Arms"
## [1867] "Israel Allen"
## [1868] "Nathaniel W. Appleton"
## [1869] "William Aspinwall"
## [1870] "Moses Appleton"
## [1871] "NathanieI Ames"
## [1872] "Israel Alherton"
## [1873] "Benjamin Adams"
## [1874] "Peter Adams"
## [1875] "William Aspinwall Jr."
## [1876] "Luther Allen"
## [1877] "Silas Allen"
## [1878] "Ebenezer Ames"
## [1879] "Samuel Ayer"
## [1880] "Moses Ayer"
## [1881] "Columbian Institute"
## [1882] "Medical Society of the District of Columbia"
## [1883] "APS"
## [1884] "Baptist General Convention"
## [1885] "American Academy of Arts and Sciences"
## [1886] "Academy of Natural Sciences"
## [1887] "Massachusetts Medical Society"bipartite.mapping(data_g)## $res
## [1] TRUE
##
## $type
## [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [12] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [23] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [34] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
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## [1882] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUEV(data_g)$type <- bipartite.mapping(data_g)$type
is.bipartite(data_g)## [1] TRUEplot(data_g, layout = layout.bipartite, vertex.label = NA)
title("A bipartite layout of the Societies Network")
bipartite <- bipartite.projection(data_g)
#str(bipartite)
#plot(bipartite$proj1, vertex.label = NA)
#title("Just the people in the Columbian College network")
#check with Lincoln. Not really working.plot(bipartite$proj2)
title("Just the organizations")
E(bipartite$proj2)## Edge sequence:
##
## [1] Medical Society of the District of Columbia -- Columbian Institute
## [2] American Academy of Arts and Sciences -- Columbian Institute
## [3] APS -- Columbian Institute
## [4] Massachusetts Medical Society -- Columbian Institute
## [5] Baptist General Convention -- Columbian Institute
## [6] Massachusetts Medical Society -- Medical Society of the District of Columbia
## [7] APS -- Medical Society of the District of Columbia
## [8] American Academy of Arts and Sciences -- Medical Society of the District of Columbia
## [9] Baptist General Convention -- APS
## [10] American Academy of Arts and Sciences -- APS
## [11] Massachusetts Medical Society -- APS
## [12] Academy of Natural Sciences -- APS
## [13] Massachusetts Medical Society -- Baptist General Convention
## [14] Massachusetts Medical Society -- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
## [15] Academy of Natural Sciences -- American Academy of Arts and SciencesE(bipartite$proj2)$weight## [1] 6 9 14 2 1 7 7 3 1 58 15 24 1 37 2plot(bipartite$proj2, edge.width = E(bipartite$proj2)$weight)
title("Fraternal organizations weighted by shared membership")
plot(bipartite$proj2, edge.width = E(bipartite$proj2)$weight,
layout = layout.fruchterman.reingold(bipartite$proj2,
weights = E(bipartite$proj2)$weight),
vertex.label.dist = 1)
title("Fraternal organizations weighted by shared membership")