library(dplyr)
##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(tibble)create datasets to be used
discographyKH <- tibble(album=c("Are You Experienced", "Axis: Bold as Love", "Electric Ladyland"
),year=c(1967, 1967, 1968
)
)
# discographyKH == discography
discography <- discographyKH
"Are You Experienced" <- tibble(song=c("Purple Haze", "Manic Depression", "Hey Joe", "May This Be Love", "I Don't Live Today", "The Wind Cries Mary", "Fire", "Third Stone from the Sun", "Foxy Lady", "Are You Experienced?"
),length=c(9960, 13560, 12180, 11640, 14100, 12060, 9240, 24000, 11700, 14100
)
)
"Axis: Bold As Love" <- tibble(song=c("EXP", "Up from the Skies", "Spanish Castle Magic", "Wait Until Tomorrow", "Ain't No Telling", "Little Wing", "If 6 was 9", "You Got Me Floatin", "Castles Made of Sand", "She's So Fine", "One Rainy Wish", "Little Miss Lover", "Bold as Love"
),length=c(6900, 10500, 10800, 10800, 6360, 8640, 19920, 9900, 9960, 9420, 13200, 8400, 15060
)
)
"Electric Ladyland" <- tibble(song=c("And the Gods Made Love", "Have You Ever Been (To Electric Ladyland)", "Crosstown Traffic", "Voodoo Chile", "Little Miss Strange", "Long Hot Summer Night", "Come On (Part 1)", "Gypsy Eyes", "Burning of the Midnight Lamp", "Rainy Day, Dream Away", "1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)", "Moon, Turn the Tides... Gently Gently Away", "Still Raining, Still Dreaming", "House Burning Down", "All Along the Watchtower", "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)"
),length=c(4860, 7860, 8700, 54000, 10320, 12420, 14940, 13380, 13140, 13320, 49140, 3720, 15900, 16380, 14460, 18720
)
)
jimiKH <- list("Are You Experienced"="Are You Experienced",
"Axis: Bold As Love"="Axis: Bold As Love",
"Electric Ladyland"="Electric Ladyland")
# jimiKH == jimi
# Error: comparison of these types is not implemented
jimi <- jimiKH
# this is not identical to dataset provided
# so define directly as a list
jimiKH <- list("Are You Experienced"=tibble(song=c("Purple Haze", "Manic Depression", "Hey Joe", "May This Be Love", "I Don't Live Today", "The Wind Cries Mary", "Fire", "Third Stone from the Sun", "Foxy Lady", "Are You Experienced?"
),length=c(9960, 13560, 12180, 11640, 14100, 12060, 9240, 24000, 11700, 14100
)
)
,
"Axis: Bold As Love"=tibble(song=c("EXP", "Up from the Skies", "Spanish Castle Magic", "Wait Until Tomorrow", "Ain't No Telling", "Little Wing", "If 6 was 9", "You Got Me Floatin", "Castles Made of Sand", "She's So Fine", "One Rainy Wish", "Little Miss Lover", "Bold as Love"
),length=c(6900, 10500, 10800, 10800, 6360, 8640, 19920, 9900, 9960, 9420, 13200, 8400, 15060
)
)
,
"Electric Ladyland"=tibble(song=c("And the Gods Made Love", "Have You Ever Been (To Electric Ladyland)", "Crosstown Traffic", "Voodoo Chile", "Little Miss Strange", "Long Hot Summer Night", "Come On (Part 1)", "Gypsy Eyes", "Burning of the Midnight Lamp", "Rainy Day, Dream Away", "1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)", "Moon, Turn the Tides... Gently Gently Away", "Still Raining, Still Dreaming", "House Burning Down", "All Along the Watchtower", "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)"
),length=c(4860, 7860, 8700, 54000, 10320, 12420, 14940, 13380, 13140, 13320, 49140, 3720, 15900, 16380, 14460, 18720
)
)
)
# jimiKH$`Are You Experienced` == jimi$`Are You Experienced`
jimi <- jimiKHand base R’s rbind() and cbind():
x %>% bind_rows(y)
The .id argument to bind_rows() is a string which specifies the name of the column that results from binding the rows of separate data frames into one data frame.
# jimi = list of df
jimi %>%
# Bind jimi into a single data frame
bind_rows(.id = "album") %>%
# Make a complete data frame
left_join(discography)
## Joining, by = "album"
## # A tibble: 39 x 4
## album song length year
## <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Are You Experienced Purple Haze 9960 1967
## 2 Are You Experienced Manic Depression 13560 1967
## 3 Are You Experienced Hey Joe 12180 1967
## 4 Are You Experienced May This Be Love 11640 1967
## 5 Are You Experienced I Don't Live Today 14100 1967
## 6 Are You Experienced The Wind Cries Mary 12060 1967
## 7 Are You Experienced Fire 9240 1967
## 8 Are You Experienced Third Stone from the Sun 24000 1967
## 9 Are You Experienced Foxy Lady 11700 1967
## 10 Are You Experienced Are You Experienced? 14100 1967
## # ... with 29 more rowsExample: bind cols
hank_years contains the name and release year of each of Hank Williams’ 67 singles.hank_charts contains the name of each of Hank Williams’ 67 singles as well as the highest position it earned on the Billboard sales charts.> hank_years
# A tibble: 67 × 2
year song
<int> <chr>
1 1947 Move It On Over
2 1947 My Love for You (Has Turned to Hate)
3 1947 Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)
4 1947 On the Banks of the Old Ponchartrain
5 1947 Pan American
6 1947 Wealth Won't Save Your Soul
7 1948 A Mansion on the Hill
8 1948 Honky Tonkin'
9 1948 I Saw the Light
10 1948 I'm a Long Gone Daddy
# ... with 57 more rows
> hank_charts
# A tibble: 67 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 (I Heard That) Lonesome Whistle 9
2 (I'm Gonna) Sing, Sing, Sing NA
3 A Home in Heaven NA
4 A Mansion on the Hill 12
5 A Teardrop on a Rose NA
6 At the First Fall of Snow NA
7 Baby, We're Really in Love 4
8 California Zephyr NA
9 Calling You NA
10 Cold, Cold Heart 1
# ... with 57 more rowshank_years %>%
# Reorder hank_years alphabetically by song title
arrange(song) %>%
# Select just the year column
select(year) %>%
# Bind the year column to hank_charts
bind_cols(hank_charts) %>%
# Arrange the finished dataset
arrange(year, song)
# # A tibble: 67 × 3
# year song peak
# <int> <chr> <int>
# 1 1947 Move It On Over 4
# 2 1947 My Love for You (Has Turned to Hate) NA
# 3 1947 Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door) NA
# 4 1947 On the Banks of the Old Ponchartrain NA
# 5 1947 Pan American NA
# 6 1947 Wealth Won't Save Your Soul NA
# 7 1948 A Mansion on the Hill 12
# 8 1948 Honky Tonkin' 14
# 9 1948 I Saw the Light NA
# 10 1948 I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry 2
# # ... with 57 more rows
# Make combined data frame
data_frame(year = hank_year, song = hank_song, peak = hank_peak) %>%
# Extract songs where peak equals 1
# i.e. Hank's number one hits
filter(peak == 1)
# # A tibble: 11 × 3
# year song peak
# <int> <chr> <int>
# 1 1949 Lovesick Blues 1
# 2 1950 Long Gone Lonesome Blues 1
# 3 1950 Moanin' the Blues 1
# 4 1950 Why Don't You Love Me 1
# 5 1951 Cold, Cold Heart 1
# 6 1951 Hey Good Lookin' 1
# 7 1952 I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive 1
# 8 1952 Jambalaya (On the Bayou) 1
# 9 1953 Kaw-Liga 1
# 10 1953 Take These Chains from My Heart 1
# 11 1953 Your Cheatin' Heart 1
hank - stored as list of vectors:
$year
[1] 1947 1947 1947 1947 1947 1947 1948 1948 1948 1948 1948 1949 1949 1949 1949
[16] 1949 1949 1949 1949 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1951 1951 1951
[31] 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1952 1952 1952 1952 1952 1952 1953 1953 1953 1953
[46] 1953 1953 1954 1954 1954 1954 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 1956 1956 1956 1956
[61] 1957 1957 1957 1958 1965 1966 1989
$song
[1] "Move It On Over"
[2] "My Love for You (Has Turned to Hate)"
[3] "Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)"
[4] "On the Banks of the Old Ponchartrain"
[5] "Pan American"
[6] "Wealth Won't Save Your Soul"
[7] "A Mansion on the Hill"
[8] "Honky Tonkin'"
[9] "I Saw the Light"
[10] "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
[11] "My Sweet Love Ain't Around"
[12] "I'm Satisfied with You"
[13] "Lost Highway"
[14] "Lovesick Blues"
[15] "Mind Your Own Business"
[16] "My Bucket's Got a Hole in It"
[17] "Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)"
[18] "Wedding Bells"
[19] "You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)"
[20] "I Just Don't Like This Kind of Living"
[21] "Long Gone Lonesome Blues"
[22] "Moanin' the Blues"
[23] "My Son Calls Another Man Daddy"
[24] "Nobody's Lonesome for Me"
[25] "They'll Never Take Her Love from Me"
[26] "Why Don't You Love Me"
[27] "Why Should We Try Anymore"
[28] "(I Heard That) Lonesome Whistle"
[29] "Baby, We're Really in Love"
[30] "Cold, Cold Heart"
[31] "Crazy Heart"
[32] "Dear John"
[33] "Hey Good Lookin'"
[34] "Howlin' At the Moon"
[35] "I Can't Help It (If I'm Still in Love With You)"
[36] "Half as Much"
[37] "Honky Tonk Blues"
[38] "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive"
[39] "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
[40] "Settin' the Woods on Fire"
[41] "You Win Again"
[42] "Calling You"
[43] "I Won't Be Home No More"
[44] "Kaw-Liga"
[45] "Take These Chains from My Heart"
[46] "Weary Blues from Waitin'"
[47] "Your Cheatin' Heart"
[48] "(I'm Gonna) Sing, Sing, Sing"
[49] "How Can You Refuse Him Now"
[50] "I'm a Long Gone Daddy"
[51] "You Better Keep It on Your Mind"
[52] "A Teardrop on a Rose"
[53] "At the First Fall of Snow"
[54] "Mother Is Gone"
[55] "Please Don't Let Me Love You"
[56] "Thank God"
[57] "A Home in Heaven"
[58] "California Zephyr"
[59] "Singing Waterfall"
[60] "There's a Tear in My Beer"
[61] "Leave Me Alone with the Blues"
[62] "Ready to Go Home"
[63] "The Waltz of the Wind"
[64] "Just Waitin'"
[65] "The Pale Horse and His Rider"
[66] "Kaw-Liga"
[67] "There's No Room in My Heart for the Blues"
$peak
[1] 4 NA NA NA NA NA 12 14 NA 2 NA NA 12 1 5 2 6 2 4 5 1 1 9 9 5
[26] 1 9 9 4 1 4 8 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 10 NA 4 1 1 7 1 NA NA 6
[51] NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA NA NA 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
create this hank dataset to be used:
hank <- list(year = c(1947, 1947, 1947, 1947, 1947, 1947, 1948, 1948, 1948, 1948, 1948, 1949, 1949, 1949, 1949, 1949, 1949, 1949, 1949, 1950, 1950, 1950, 1950, 1950, 1950, 1950, 1950, 1951, 1951, 1951, 1951, 1951, 1951, 1951, 1951, 1952, 1952, 1952, 1952, 1952, 1952, 1953, 1953, 1953, 1953, 1953, 1953, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1956, 1956, 1956, 1956, 1957, 1957, 1957, 1958, 1965, 1966, 1989
) , song = c( "Move It On Over", "My Love for You (Has Turned to Hate)", "Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)", "On the Banks of the Old Ponchartrain", "Pan American", "Wealth Won't Save Your Soul", "A Mansion on the Hill", "Honky Tonkin'", "I Saw the Light", "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry", "My Sweet Love Ain't Around", "I'm Satisfied with You", "Lost Highway", "Lovesick Blues", "Mind Your Own Business", "My Bucket's Got a Hole in It", "Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)", "Wedding Bells", "You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)", "I Just Don't Like This Kind of Living", "Long Gone Lonesome Blues", "Moanin' the Blues", "My Son Calls Another Man Daddy", "Nobody's Lonesome for Me", "They'll Never Take Her Love from Me", "Why Don't You Love Me", "Why Should We Try Anymore", "(I Heard That) Lonesome Whistle", "Baby, We're Really in Love", "Cold, Cold Heart", "Crazy Heart", "Dear John", "Hey Good Lookin'", "Howlin' At the Moon", "I Can't Help It (If I'm Still in Love With You)", "Half as Much", "Honky Tonk Blues", "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive", "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)", "Settin' the Woods on Fire", "You Win Again", "Calling You", "I Won't Be Home No More", "Kaw-Liga", "Take These Chains from My Heart", "Weary Blues from Waitin'", "Your Cheatin' Heart", "(I'm Gonna) Sing, Sing, Sing", "How Can You Refuse Him Now", "I'm a Long Gone Daddy", "You Better Keep It on Your Mind", "A Teardrop on a Rose", "At the First Fall of Snow", "Mother Is Gone", "Please Don't Let Me Love You", "Thank God", "A Home in Heaven", "California Zephyr", "Singing Waterfall", "There's a Tear in My Beer", "Leave Me Alone with the Blues", "Ready to Go Home", "The Waltz of the Wind", "Just Waitin'", "The Pale Horse and His Rider", "Kaw-Liga", "There's No Room in My Heart for the Blues"
) , peak = c(4, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 12, 14, NA, 2, NA, NA, 12, 1, 5, 2, 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 1, 9, 9, 5, 1, 9, 9, 4, 1, 4, 8, 1, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 10, NA, 4, 1, 1, 7, 1, NA, NA, 6, NA, NA, NA, NA, 9, NA, NA, NA, NA, 7, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA
)
)
hank
## $year
## [1] 1947 1947 1947 1947 1947 1947 1948 1948 1948 1948 1948 1949 1949 1949
## [15] 1949 1949 1949 1949 1949 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1951
## [29] 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1952 1952 1952 1952 1952 1952 1953
## [43] 1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 1954 1954 1954 1954 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955
## [57] 1956 1956 1956 1956 1957 1957 1957 1958 1965 1966 1989
##
## $song
## [1] "Move It On Over"
## [2] "My Love for You (Has Turned to Hate)"
## [3] "Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)"
## [4] "On the Banks of the Old Ponchartrain"
## [5] "Pan American"
## [6] "Wealth Won't Save Your Soul"
## [7] "A Mansion on the Hill"
## [8] "Honky Tonkin'"
## [9] "I Saw the Light"
## [10] "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
## [11] "My Sweet Love Ain't Around"
## [12] "I'm Satisfied with You"
## [13] "Lost Highway"
## [14] "Lovesick Blues"
## [15] "Mind Your Own Business"
## [16] "My Bucket's Got a Hole in It"
## [17] "Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)"
## [18] "Wedding Bells"
## [19] "You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)"
## [20] "I Just Don't Like This Kind of Living"
## [21] "Long Gone Lonesome Blues"
## [22] "Moanin' the Blues"
## [23] "My Son Calls Another Man Daddy"
## [24] "Nobody's Lonesome for Me"
## [25] "They'll Never Take Her Love from Me"
## [26] "Why Don't You Love Me"
## [27] "Why Should We Try Anymore"
## [28] "(I Heard That) Lonesome Whistle"
## [29] "Baby, We're Really in Love"
## [30] "Cold, Cold Heart"
## [31] "Crazy Heart"
## [32] "Dear John"
## [33] "Hey Good Lookin'"
## [34] "Howlin' At the Moon"
## [35] "I Can't Help It (If I'm Still in Love With You)"
## [36] "Half as Much"
## [37] "Honky Tonk Blues"
## [38] "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive"
## [39] "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
## [40] "Settin' the Woods on Fire"
## [41] "You Win Again"
## [42] "Calling You"
## [43] "I Won't Be Home No More"
## [44] "Kaw-Liga"
## [45] "Take These Chains from My Heart"
## [46] "Weary Blues from Waitin'"
## [47] "Your Cheatin' Heart"
## [48] "(I'm Gonna) Sing, Sing, Sing"
## [49] "How Can You Refuse Him Now"
## [50] "I'm a Long Gone Daddy"
## [51] "You Better Keep It on Your Mind"
## [52] "A Teardrop on a Rose"
## [53] "At the First Fall of Snow"
## [54] "Mother Is Gone"
## [55] "Please Don't Let Me Love You"
## [56] "Thank God"
## [57] "A Home in Heaven"
## [58] "California Zephyr"
## [59] "Singing Waterfall"
## [60] "There's a Tear in My Beer"
## [61] "Leave Me Alone with the Blues"
## [62] "Ready to Go Home"
## [63] "The Waltz of the Wind"
## [64] "Just Waitin'"
## [65] "The Pale Horse and His Rider"
## [66] "Kaw-Liga"
## [67] "There's No Room in My Heart for the Blues"
##
## $peak
## [1] 4 NA NA NA NA NA 12 14 NA 2 NA NA 12 1 5 2 6 2 4 5 1 1 9
## [24] 9 5 1 9 9 4 1 4 8 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 10 NA 4 1 1 7
## [47] 1 NA NA 6 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA NA NA 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NATurn this created hank into the same dataset made in the last exercise
# Convert the hank list into a data frame
as_data_frame(hank) %>%
# Extract songs where peak equals 1
# (i.e. the number one hits)
filter(peak == 1)
## # A tibble: 11 x 3
## year song peak
## <dbl> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 1949 Lovesick Blues 1
## 2 1950 Long Gone Lonesome Blues 1
## 3 1950 Moanin' the Blues 1
## 4 1950 Why Don't You Love Me 1
## 5 1951 Cold, Cold Heart 1
## 6 1951 Hey Good Lookin' 1
## 7 1952 I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive 1
## 8 1952 Jambalaya (On the Bayou) 1
## 9 1953 Kaw-Liga 1
## 10 1953 Take These Chains from My Heart 1
## 11 1953 Your Cheatin' Heart 1"michael" = list of data frames, one for each album released by Michael Jackson
$`Got to Be There`
# A tibble: 10 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 Ain'T No Sunshine NA
2 I Wanna be Where You Are NA
3 Girl Don't Take Your Love from Me NA
4 In Our Small Way NA
5 Got to Be There 4
6 Rockin' Robin 2
7 Wings of My Love NA
8 Maria (You Were the Only One) NA
9 Love is Here and Now You're Gone NA
10 You've Got a Friend NA
$Ben
# A tibble: 10 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 Ben 1
2 Greatest Show On Earth NA
3 People Make the World Go 'Round NA
4 We've Got a Good Thing NA
5 Everybody's Somebody's Fool NA
6 My Girl NA
7 What Goes Around Comes Around NA
8 In Our Small Way NA
9 Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day NA
10 You Can Cry On My Shoulder NA
$`Music & Me`
# A tibble: 10 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 With a Child's Heart 50
2 Up Again NA
3 All the Things You Are NA
4 Happy NA
5 Too Young NA
6 Doggin' Around NA
7 Euphoria NA
8 Morning Glow NA
9 Johnny Raven NA
10 Music and Me NA
$`Forever, Michael`
# A tibble: 10 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 We're Almost There 54
2 Take Me Back NA
3 One Day in Your Life NA
4 Cinderella Stay Awhile NA
5 We've Got Forever NA
6 Just a Little Bit of You 23
7 You Are There NA
8 Dapper-Dan NA
9 Dear Michael NA
10 I'll Come Home to You NA
$`Off the Wall`
# A tibble: 10 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough 1
2 Rock with You 1
3 Working Day and Night NA
4 Get on the Floor NA
5 Off the Wall 10
6 Girlfriend NA
7 She's Out of My Life 10
8 I Can't Help It NA
9 It's the Falling in Love NA
10 Burn This Disco Out NA
$Thriller
# A tibble: 9 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 Wanna Be Startin' Somethin 5
2 Baby be Mine NA
3 The Girl is Mine 2
4 Thriller 4
5 Beat It 1
6 Billie Jean 1
7 Human Nature 7
8 P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) 10
9 The Lady in My Life NA
$Bad
# A tibble: 10 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 Bad 1
2 The Way You Make Me Feel 1
3 Speed Demon NA
4 Liberian Girl NA
5 Just Good Friends NA
6 Another Part of Me 11
7 Man in the Mirror 1
8 I Just Can't Stop Loving You 1
9 Dirty Diana 1
10 Smooth Criminal 7
$Dangerous
# A tibble: 14 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 Jam 26
2 Why You Wanna Trip on Me NA
3 In the Closet 6
4 She Drives Me Wild NA
5 Remember the Time 3
6 Can't Let Her Get Away NA
7 Heal the World 27
8 Black or White 1
9 Who Is It 14
10 Give In to Me NA
11 Will You Be There 7
12 Keep the Faith NA
13 Gone Too Soon NA
14 Dangerous NA
$HIStory
# A tibble: 30 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 Billie Jean NA
2 The Way You Make Me Feel NA
3 Black or White NA
4 Rock with You NA
5 She's Out of My Life NA
6 Bad NA
7 I Just Can't Stop Loving You NA
8 Man in the Mirror NA
9 Thriller NA
10 Beat It NA
# ... with 20 more rows
$Invincible
# A tibble: 16 × 2
song peak
<chr> <int>
1 Unbreakable NA
2 Heartbreaker NA
3 Invincible NA
4 Break of Dawn NA
5 Heaven Can Wait NA
6 You Rock My World 10
7 Butterflies NA
8 Speechless NA
9 2000 Watts NA
10 You Are My Life NA
11 Privacy NA
12 Don't Walk Away NA
13 Cry NA
14 The Lost Children NA
15 Whatever Happens NA
16 Threatened NAcall to a dplyr function, which should bind the datasets in the list into a single data frame, adding an album column as it does.
# as_data_frame(michael) %>% # -- INCORRECT
# because
# combines a list of column vectors into a data frame
# but
# michael is a list of data frames
# multiple datasets in a list =>
bind_rows(michael, .id = "album") %>% # -- CORRECT
group_by(album) %>%
mutate(rank = min_rank(peak)) %>%
filter(rank == 1) %>%
select(-rank, -peak)
Source: local data frame [16 x 2]
Groups: album [10]
album song
<chr> <chr>
1 Got to Be There Rockin' Robin
2 Ben Ben
3 Music & Me With a Child's Heart
4 Forever, Michael Just a Little Bit of You
5 Off the Wall Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough
6 Off the Wall Rock with You
7 Thriller Beat It
8 Thriller Billie Jean
9 Bad Bad
10 Bad The Way You Make Me Feel
11 Bad Man in the Mirror
12 Bad I Just Can't Stop Loving You
13 Bad Dirty Diana
14 Dangerous Black or White
15 HIStory You Are Not Alone
16 Invincible You Rock My World
typeof(TRUE) # logical
## [1] "logical"
typeof("hello") # character i.e. string
## [1] "character"
typeof(3.14) # double i.e. numeric or decimal
## [1] "double"
typeof(1L) # integer i.e. numeric w/o decimal
## [1] "integer"
typeof(1 + 2i)
## [1] "complex"
typeof(raw(1))
## [1] "raw"dplyer’s coercion behavior:
Character (string) & Integer or Double or Logical => Character
Double & Integer or Logical => Double
Integer & Logical => Integer
> seventies
# A tibble: 10 × 3
year album band
<fctr> <chr> <chr>
1 1970 Bridge Over Troubled Water Simon and Garfunkel
2 1971 Jesus Christ Superstar Various Artists
3 1972 Harvest Neil Young
4 1973 The World is a Ghetto War
5 1974 Goodbye Yellow Brick Road Elton John
6 1975 Elton John's Greatest Hits Elton John
7 1976 Peter Frampton Frampton Comes Alive
8 1977 Rumours Fleetwood Mac
9 1978 Saturday Night Fever Bee Gees
10 1979 Billy Joel 52nd Street> seventies %>%
+ mutate(year = as.numeric(year))
+
# A tibble: 10 × 3
year album band
<dbl> <chr> <chr>
1 1 Bridge Over Troubled Water Simon and Garfunkel
2 2 Jesus Christ Superstar Various Artists
3 3 Harvest Neil Young
4 4 The World is a Ghetto War
5 5 Goodbye Yellow Brick Road Elton John
6 6 Elton John's Greatest Hits Elton John
7 7 Peter Frampton Frampton Comes Alive
8 8 Rumours Fleetwood Mac
9 9 Saturday Night Fever Bee Gees
10 10 Billy Joel 52nd Street> seventies %>%
# Coerce seventies$year into a useful numeric
mutate(year = as.numeric(as.character(year)))
# A tibble: 10 × 3
year album band
<dbl> <chr> <chr>
1 1970 Bridge Over Troubled Water Simon and Garfunkel
2 1971 Jesus Christ Superstar Various Artists
3 1972 Harvest Neil Young
4 1973 The World is a Ghetto War
5 1974 Goodbye Yellow Brick Road Elton John
6 1975 Elton John's Greatest Hits Elton John
7 1976 Peter Frampton Frampton Comes Alive
8 1977 Rumours Fleetwood Mac
9 1978 Saturday Night Fever Bee Gees
10 1979 Billy Joel 52nd Street