Supervised learning (predictive model, labeled data)
Classfication (Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, KNN, Naive Bayes): used for categorical response variable
Numeric prediction (Linear Regression, KNN): used for continuous variable
Unsupervised learning (descriptive model, unlabled data): Response variable not available
Clustering (Kmeans)
Association
Semi-supervised learning (mixture of labeled and unlabeled data): Categorical response variable
Classification
Clustering
Reinforcement learning
Classification: used for categorical variable (Eg. Optimized Marketing)
Control: Response variable not available (Eg. Driverless Cars)