Basic: managing variables
Seongho An
4/13/2018
rm(list=ls())
# install necessary packages
# install.packages("MASS") # to use the student survey dataset provided by R.
# install.packages("dplyr")
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(ggplot2)
library(MASS)##
## Attaching package: 'MASS'## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## selectdf <- as.data.frame(MASS::survey) # Loading the survey dataset as a data frameTake a look at what the survey data look like
df## Sex Wr.Hnd NW.Hnd W.Hnd Fold Pulse Clap Exer Smoke Height
## 1 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 92 Left Some Never 173.00
## 2 Male 19.5 20.5 Left R on L 104 Left None Regul 177.80
## 3 Male 18.0 13.3 Right L on R 87 Neither None Occas NA
## 4 Male 18.8 18.9 Right R on L NA Neither None Never 160.00
## 5 Male 20.0 20.0 Right Neither 35 Right Some Never 165.00
## 6 Female 18.0 17.7 Right L on R 64 Right Some Never 172.72
## 7 Male 17.7 17.7 Right L on R 83 Right Freq Never 182.88
## 8 Female 17.0 17.3 Right R on L 74 Right Freq Never 157.00
## 9 Male 20.0 19.5 Right R on L 72 Right Some Never 175.00
## 10 Male 18.5 18.5 Right R on L 90 Right Some Never 167.00
## 11 Female 17.0 17.2 Right L on R 80 Right Freq Never 156.20
## 12 Male 21.0 21.0 Right R on L 68 Left Freq Never NA
## 13 Female 16.0 16.0 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 155.00
## 14 Female 19.5 20.2 Right L on R 66 Neither Some Never 155.00
## 15 Male 16.0 15.5 Right R on L 60 Right Some Never NA
## 16 Female 17.5 17.0 Right R on L NA Right Freq Never 156.00
## 17 Female 18.0 18.0 Right L on R 89 Neither Freq Never 157.00
## 18 Male 19.4 19.2 Left R on L 74 Right Some Never 182.88
## 19 Male 20.5 20.5 Right L on R NA Left Some Never 190.50
## 20 Male 21.0 20.9 Right R on L 78 Right Freq Never 177.00
## 21 Male 21.5 22.0 Right R on L 72 Left Freq Never 190.50
## 22 Male 20.1 20.7 Right L on R 72 Right Freq Never 180.34
## 23 Male 18.5 18.0 Right L on R 64 Right Freq Never 180.34
## 24 Male 21.5 21.2 Right R on L 62 Right Some Never 184.00
## 25 Female 17.0 17.5 Right R on L 64 Left Some Never NA
## 26 Male 18.5 18.5 Right Neither 90 Neither Some Never NA
## 27 Male 21.0 20.7 Right R on L 90 Right Some Never 172.72
## 28 Male 20.8 21.4 Right R on L 62 Neither Freq Never 175.26
## 29 Male 17.8 17.8 Right L on R 76 Neither Freq Never NA
## 30 Male 19.5 19.5 Right L on R 79 Right Some Never 167.00
## 31 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 76 Right None Occas NA
## 32 Male 18.8 18.2 Right L on R 78 Right Freq Never 180.00
## 33 Female 17.1 17.5 Right R on L 72 Right Freq Heavy 166.40
## 34 Male 20.1 20.0 Right R on L 70 Right Some Never 180.00
## 35 Male 18.0 19.0 Right L on R 54 Neither Some Regul NA
## 36 Male 22.2 21.0 Right L on R 66 Right Freq Occas 190.00
## 37 Female 16.0 16.5 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 168.00
## 38 Male 19.4 18.5 Right R on L 72 Neither Freq Never 182.50
## 39 Male 22.0 22.0 Right R on L 80 Right Some Never 185.00
## 40 Male 19.0 19.0 Right R on L NA Neither Freq Occas 171.00
## 41 Female 17.5 16.0 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 169.00
## 42 Female 17.8 18.0 Right R on L 72 Right Some Never 154.94
## 43 Male NA NA Right R on L 60 <NA> Some Never 172.00
## 44 Female 20.1 20.2 Right L on R 80 Right Some Never 176.50
## 45 Female 13.0 13.0 <NA> L on R 70 Left Freq Never 180.34
## 46 Male 17.0 17.5 Right R on L NA Neither Freq Never 180.34
## 47 Male 23.2 22.7 Right L on R 84 Left Freq Regul 180.00
## 48 Male 22.5 23.0 Right R on L 96 Right None Never 170.00
## 49 Female 18.0 17.6 Right R on L 60 Right Some Occas 168.00
## 50 Female 18.0 17.9 Right R on L 50 Left None Never 165.00
## 51 Male 22.0 21.5 Left R on L 55 Left Freq Never 200.00
## 52 Male 20.5 20.0 Right L on R 68 Right Freq Never 190.00
## 53 Male 17.0 18.0 Right L on R 78 Left Some Never 170.18
## 54 Male 20.5 19.5 Right L on R 56 Right Freq Never 179.00
## 55 Male 22.5 22.5 Right R on L 65 Right Freq Regul 182.00
## 56 Male 18.5 18.5 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Never 171.00
## 57 Female 15.5 15.4 Right R on L 70 Neither None Never 157.48
## 58 Male 19.5 19.7 Right R on L 72 Right Freq Never NA
## 59 Male 19.5 19.0 Right L on R 62 Right Freq Never 177.80
## 60 Male 20.6 21.0 Left L on R NA Left Freq Occas 175.26
## 61 Male 22.8 23.2 Right R on L 66 Neither Freq Never 187.00
## 62 Female 18.5 18.2 Right R on L 72 Neither Freq Never 167.64
## 63 Female 19.6 19.7 Right L on R 70 Right Freq Never 178.00
## 64 Female 18.7 18.0 Left L on R NA Left None Never 170.00
## 65 Female 17.3 18.0 Right L on R 64 Neither Freq Never 164.00
## 66 Male 19.5 19.8 Right Neither NA Right Freq Never 183.00
## 67 Female 19.0 19.1 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Never 172.00
## 68 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 64 Right Freq Never NA
## 69 Male 19.0 19.0 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 180.00
## 70 Male 21.0 19.5 Right L on R 80 Left None <NA> NA
## 71 Female 18.0 17.5 Right L on R 64 Left Freq Never 170.00
## 72 Male 19.4 19.5 Right R on L NA Right Freq Heavy 176.00
## 73 Female 17.0 16.6 Right R on L 68 Right Some Never 171.00
## 74 Female 16.5 17.0 Right L on R 40 Left Freq Never 167.64
## 75 Female 15.6 15.8 Right R on L 88 Left Some Never 165.00
## 76 Female 17.5 17.5 Right Neither 68 Right Freq Heavy 170.00
## 77 Female 17.0 17.6 Right L on R 76 Right Some Never 165.00
## 78 Female 18.6 18.0 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Heavy 165.10
## 79 Female 18.3 18.5 Right R on L 68 Neither Some Never 165.10
## 80 Male 20.0 20.5 Right L on R NA Right Freq Never 185.42
## 81 Male 19.5 19.5 Left R on L 66 Left Some Never NA
## 82 Male 19.2 18.9 Right R on L 76 Right Freq Never 176.50
## 83 Female 17.5 17.5 Right R on L 98 Left Freq Never NA
## 84 Female 17.0 17.4 Right R on L NA Neither Some Never NA
## 85 Male 23.0 23.5 Right L on R 90 Right Freq Never 167.64
## 86 Female 17.7 17.0 Right R on L 76 Right Some Never 167.00
## 87 Female 18.2 18.0 Right L on R 70 Right Some Never 162.56
## 88 Female 18.3 18.5 Right R on L 75 Left Freq Never 170.00
## 89 Male 18.0 18.0 Right Neither 60 Right Freq Never 179.00
## 90 Female 18.0 17.7 Left R on L 92 Left Some Never NA
## 91 Male 20.5 20.0 Right R on L 75 Left Some Never 183.00
## 92 Female 17.5 18.0 Right Neither NA Right Some Never NA
## 93 Female 18.2 17.5 Right L on R 70 Right Some Never 165.00
## 94 Female 18.2 18.5 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 168.00
## 95 Male 21.3 20.8 Right R on L 65 Right Freq Heavy 179.00
## 96 Female 19.0 18.8 Right L on R NA Right Some Never NA
## 97 Male 20.0 19.5 Right R on L 68 Neither Freq Regul 190.00
## 98 Female 17.5 17.5 Right R on L 60 Right Freq Never 166.50
## 99 Male 19.5 19.4 Right Neither NA Right Freq Never 165.00
## 100 Female 19.4 19.6 Right R on L 68 Neither Freq Never 175.26
## 101 Male 21.9 22.2 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 187.00
## 102 Male 18.9 19.1 Right L on R 60 Neither None Never 170.00
## 103 Female 16.0 16.0 Right Neither NA Right Some Never 159.00
## 104 Female 17.5 17.3 Right R on L 72 Right Freq Never 175.00
## 105 Female 17.5 17.0 Right R on L 80 Left Some Heavy 163.00
## 106 Female 19.5 18.5 Right R on L 80 Right Some Never 170.00
## 107 Female 16.2 16.4 Right R on L NA Right Freq Occas 172.00
## 108 Female 17.0 15.9 Right R on L 85 Right Freq Never NA
## 109 Male 17.5 17.5 Right L on R 64 Neither Freq Never 180.00
## 110 Male 19.7 20.1 Right R on L 67 Left Some Regul 180.34
## 111 Female 18.5 18.5 Right R on L 76 Left Freq Never 175.00
## 112 Male 19.2 19.6 Right L on R 80 Right None Never 190.50
## 113 Female 17.2 16.7 Right R on L 75 Right Freq Never 170.18
## 114 Male 20.5 21.0 Right R on L 60 Right Freq Never 185.00
## 115 Female 16.0 15.5 Right L on R 60 Left Freq Never 162.56
## 116 Female 16.9 16.0 Right L on R 70 Right None Never 158.00
## 117 Female 17.0 16.7 Right R on L 70 Right Some Never 159.00
## 118 Male 23.0 22.0 Left L on R 83 Left Some Heavy 193.04
## 119 Female 18.5 18.0 Left L on R 100 Neither Some Never 171.00
## 120 Male 21.0 20.4 Right L on R 100 Right Freq Heavy 184.00
## 121 Male 20.0 20.0 Right R on L 80 Neither Freq Occas NA
## 122 Male 22.5 22.5 Right L on R 76 Right Freq Occas 177.00
## 123 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 92 Right Freq Never 172.00
## 124 Male 19.8 20.0 Left L on R 59 Right Freq Never 180.00
## 125 Male 18.5 18.1 Right L on R 66 Left Freq Never 175.26
## 126 Male 19.3 19.4 Right R on L NA Right Freq Never 180.34
## 127 Female 16.0 16.0 Right R on L 68 Right Freq Never 172.72
## 128 Male 18.8 19.1 Right L on R 66 Neither Freq Regul 178.50
## 129 Female 17.5 17.0 Right R on L 74 Right Freq Never 157.00
## 130 Female 16.4 16.5 Right L on R 90 Right Some Never 152.00
## 131 Male 22.0 21.5 Right R on L 86 Right Freq Never 187.96
## 132 Male 19.0 19.5 Right L on R 60 Right Some Never 178.00
## 133 Female 18.9 20.0 Right R on L 86 Right Some Never NA
## 134 Female 15.4 16.4 Left L on R 80 Left Freq Occas 160.02
## 135 Male 17.9 17.8 Right R on L 85 Left Some Never 175.26
## 136 Male 23.1 22.5 Right L on R 90 Right Some Regul 189.00
## 137 <NA> 19.8 19.0 Left L on R 73 Neither Freq Never 172.00
## 138 Male 22.0 22.0 Right L on R 72 Right Freq Never 182.88
## 139 Male 20.0 19.5 Right L on R NA Right Freq Never 170.00
## 140 Female 19.5 18.5 Right L on R 68 Right None Never 167.00
## 141 Female 18.0 18.6 Right R on L 84 Right Some Never 175.00
## 142 Female 18.3 19.0 Right R on L NA Right None Never 165.00
## 143 Female 19.0 18.8 Right R on L 65 Right Freq Never 172.72
## 144 Male 21.4 21.0 Right L on R 96 Neither Some Never 180.00
## 145 Female 20.0 19.5 Left R on L 68 Neither Freq Never 172.00
## 146 Male 18.5 18.5 Right R on L 75 Neither Some Never 185.00
## 147 Male 22.5 22.6 Right L on R 64 Right Freq Regul 187.96
## 148 Male 19.5 20.2 Right R on L 60 Neither Freq Never 185.42
## 149 Female 18.0 18.0 Right L on R 92 Neither Freq Never 165.00
## 150 Female 18.0 18.5 Right R on L 64 Neither Freq Never 164.00
## 151 Male 21.8 22.3 Right R on L 76 Left Freq Never 195.00
## 152 Female 13.0 12.5 Right L on R 80 Right Freq Never 165.00
## 153 Female 16.3 16.2 Right L on R 92 Right Some Regul 152.40
## 154 Male 21.5 21.6 Right R on L 69 Right Freq Never 172.72
## 155 Male 18.9 19.1 Right L on R 68 Right None Never 180.34
## 156 Male 20.5 20.0 Right R on L 76 Right Freq Never 173.00
## 157 Male 14.0 15.5 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Heavy NA
## 158 Female 18.9 19.2 Right L on R 74 Right Some Never 167.64
## 159 Male 20.0 20.5 Right R on L NA Right None Never 187.96
## 160 Male 18.5 19.0 Right L on R 84 Right Freq Regul 187.00
## 161 Female 17.5 17.1 Right R on L 80 Left None Never 167.00
## 162 Male 18.1 18.2 Left Neither NA Right Some Never 168.00
## 163 Male 20.2 20.3 Right L on R 72 Neither Some Never 191.80
## 164 Female 16.5 16.9 Right R on L 60 Neither Freq Occas 169.20
## 165 Male 19.1 19.1 Right Neither NA Right Some Never 177.00
## 166 Female 17.6 17.2 Right R on L 81 Left Some Never 168.00
## 167 Female 19.5 19.2 Right R on L 70 Right Some Never 170.00
## 168 Female 16.5 15.0 Right L on R 65 Right Some Regul 160.02
## 169 Male 19.0 18.5 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Never 189.00
## 170 Male 19.0 18.5 Right R on L 72 Right Freq Never 180.34
## 171 Female 16.5 17.0 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 168.00
## 172 Male 20.5 19.5 Left L on R 80 Right Some Occas 182.88
## 173 Female 15.5 15.5 Right Neither 50 Right Some Regul NA
## 174 Female 18.0 17.5 Right R on L 48 Neither Freq Never 165.00
## 175 Female 17.5 18.0 Right R on L 68 Neither Freq Never 157.48
## 176 Female 19.0 18.5 Left L on R 104 Left Freq Never 170.00
## 177 Male 20.5 20.5 Right Neither 76 Right Freq Regul 172.72
## 178 Female 16.7 17.0 Right L on R 84 Left Freq Never 164.00
## 179 Female 20.5 20.5 Right R on L NA Left Freq Regul NA
## 180 Female 17.0 16.5 Right R on L 70 Right Some Never 162.56
## 181 Male 19.0 19.5 Right R on L 68 Right Freq Occas 172.00
## 182 Female 14.0 13.5 Right R on L 87 Neither Freq Occas 165.10
## 183 Female 17.5 17.6 Right L on R 79 Right Some Never 162.50
## 184 Male 18.5 19.0 Right L on R 70 Left Freq Never 170.00
## 185 Male 18.0 18.5 Right Neither 90 Right Some Never 175.00
## 186 Male 20.5 20.7 Right R on L 72 Right Some Never 168.00
## 187 Female 17.0 17.0 Right L on R 79 Right Some Never 163.00
## 188 Male 18.5 18.5 Right R on L 65 Right None Never 165.00
## 189 Male 18.0 18.5 Right R on L 62 Right Freq Never 173.00
## 190 Male 18.5 18.0 Right Neither 63 Neither Freq Never 196.00
## 191 Male 20.0 19.5 Right R on L 92 Right Some Never 179.10
## 192 Male 22.0 22.5 Right L on R 60 Right Some Never 180.00
## 193 Male 17.9 18.4 Right R on L 68 Left None Occas 176.00
## 194 Female 17.6 17.8 Right L on R 72 Left Some Never 160.02
## 195 Female 16.7 15.1 Right Neither NA Right None Never 157.48
## 196 Female 17.0 17.6 Right L on R 76 Right Some Never 165.00
## 197 Female 15.0 13.0 Right R on L 80 Neither Freq Never 170.18
## 198 Male 16.0 15.5 Right Neither 71 Right Freq Never 154.94
## 199 Female 19.1 19.0 Right R on L 80 Right Some Occas 170.00
## 200 Female 17.5 16.5 Right R on L 80 Neither Some Never 164.00
## 201 Female 16.2 15.8 Right R on L 61 Right Some Occas 167.00
## 202 Male 21.0 21.0 Right L on R 48 Neither Freq Never 174.00
## 203 Female 18.8 17.8 Right R on L 76 Right Some Never NA
## 204 Female 18.5 18.0 Right Neither 86 Right None Never 160.00
## 205 Male 17.0 17.5 Right R on L 80 Right Some Regul 179.10
## 206 Female 17.5 17.0 Right R on L 83 Neither Freq Occas 168.00
## 207 Female 17.5 17.6 Right L on R 76 Right Some Never 153.50
## 208 Male 17.5 17.6 Right R on L 84 Right Some Never 160.00
## 209 Male 17.5 17.0 Left L on R 97 Neither None Never 165.00
## 210 Female 20.8 20.7 Right R on L NA Neither Freq Never 171.50
## 211 Female 18.6 18.6 Right L on R 74 Right Some Never 160.00
## 212 Female 17.5 17.5 Left R on L 83 Neither Some Never 163.00
## 213 Male 18.0 18.5 Right R on L 78 Right Freq Never NA
## 214 Male 17.0 17.5 Right R on L 65 Right Some Never 165.00
## 215 Female 18.0 17.8 Right L on R 68 Right Some Never 168.90
## 216 Male 19.5 20.0 Right Neither NA Right Some Never 170.00
## 217 Female 16.3 16.2 Right L on R NA Right None Never NA
## 218 Male 18.2 19.8 Right R on L 88 Right Freq Never 185.00
## 219 Female 17.0 17.3 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Never 173.00
## 220 Male 23.2 23.2 Right L on R 75 Right Freq Never 188.00
## 221 Male 23.2 23.3 Right L on R NA Right None Heavy 171.00
## 222 Female 15.9 16.5 Right R on L 70 Right Freq Never 167.64
## 223 Female 17.5 18.4 Right R on L 88 Right Some Never 162.56
## 224 Female 17.5 17.6 Right L on R NA Right Freq Never 150.00
## 225 Female 17.6 17.2 Right L on R NA Right Some Never NA
## 226 Female 17.5 17.8 Right R on L 96 Right Some Never NA
## 227 Female 18.8 18.3 Right R on L 80 Right Some Heavy 170.18
## 228 Male 20.0 19.8 Right L on R 68 Right Freq Never 185.00
## 229 Female 18.6 18.8 Right L on R 70 Right Freq Regul 167.00
## 230 Male 18.6 19.6 Right L on R 71 Right Freq Occas 185.00
## 231 Female 18.8 18.5 Right R on L 80 Right Some Never 169.00
## 232 Male 18.0 16.0 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 180.34
## 233 Female 18.0 18.0 Right L on R 85 Right Some Never 165.10
## 234 Female 18.5 18.0 Right L on R 88 Right Some Never 160.00
## 235 Female 17.5 16.5 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 170.00
## 236 Male 21.0 21.5 Right R on L 90 Right Some Never 183.00
## 237 Female 17.6 17.3 Right R on L 85 Right Freq Never 168.50
## M.I Age
## 1 Metric 18.250
## 2 Imperial 17.583
## 3 <NA> 16.917
## 4 Metric 20.333
## 5 Metric 23.667
## 6 Imperial 21.000
## 7 Imperial 18.833
## 8 Metric 35.833
## 9 Metric 19.000
## 10 Metric 22.333
## 11 Imperial 28.500
## 12 <NA> 18.250
## 13 Metric 18.750
## 14 Metric 17.500
## 15 <NA> 17.167
## 16 Metric 17.167
## 17 Metric 19.333
## 18 Imperial 18.333
## 19 Imperial 19.750
## 20 Metric 17.917
## 21 Imperial 17.917
## 22 Imperial 18.167
## 23 Imperial 17.833
## 24 Metric 18.250
## 25 <NA> 19.167
## 26 <NA> 17.583
## 27 Imperial 17.500
## 28 Imperial 18.083
## 29 <NA> 21.917
## 30 Metric 19.250
## 31 <NA> 41.583
## 32 Metric 17.500
## 33 Imperial 39.750
## 34 Metric 17.167
## 35 <NA> 17.750
## 36 Metric 18.000
## 37 Metric 19.000
## 38 Metric 17.917
## 39 Metric 35.500
## 40 Metric 19.917
## 41 Metric 17.500
## 42 Imperial 17.083
## 43 Metric 28.583
## 44 Imperial 17.500
## 45 Imperial 17.417
## 46 Imperial 18.500
## 47 Metric 18.917
## 48 Metric 19.417
## 49 Metric 18.417
## 50 Metric 30.750
## 51 Metric 18.500
## 52 Metric 17.500
## 53 Imperial 18.333
## 54 Metric 17.417
## 55 Metric 20.000
## 56 Metric 18.333
## 57 Imperial 17.167
## 58 <NA> 17.417
## 59 Imperial 17.667
## 60 Imperial 18.417
## 61 Metric 20.333
## 62 Imperial 17.333
## 63 Metric 17.500
## 64 Metric 19.833
## 65 Metric 18.583
## 66 Metric 18.000
## 67 Metric 30.667
## 68 <NA> 16.917
## 69 Metric 19.917
## 70 <NA> 18.333
## 71 Metric 17.583
## 72 Metric 17.833
## 73 Metric 17.667
## 74 Imperial 17.417
## 75 Metric 17.750
## 76 Metric 20.667
## 77 Metric 23.583
## 78 Imperial 17.167
## 79 Imperial 17.083
## 80 Imperial 18.750
## 81 <NA> 16.750
## 82 Imperial 20.167
## 83 <NA> 17.667
## 84 <NA> 17.167
## 85 Imperial 17.167
## 86 Metric 17.250
## 87 Imperial 18.000
## 88 Metric 18.750
## 89 Metric 21.583
## 90 <NA> 17.583
## 91 Metric 19.667
## 92 <NA> 18.000
## 93 Metric 19.667
## 94 Metric 17.083
## 95 Metric 22.833
## 96 <NA> 17.083
## 97 Metric 19.417
## 98 Metric 23.250
## 99 Metric 18.083
## 100 Imperial 19.083
## 101 Metric 18.917
## 102 Metric 17.750
## 103 Metric 20.833
## 104 Metric 20.167
## 105 Metric 17.667
## 106 Metric 18.250
## 107 Metric 17.000
## 108 <NA> 18.500
## 109 Metric 18.583
## 110 Imperial 17.750
## 111 Metric 24.167
## 112 Imperial 18.167
## 113 Imperial 21.167
## 114 Metric 17.917
## 115 Imperial 17.417
## 116 Metric 20.500
## 117 Metric 22.917
## 118 Imperial 18.917
## 119 Metric 18.917
## 120 Metric 20.083
## 121 <NA> 17.500
## 122 Metric 18.250
## 123 Metric 17.500
## 124 Metric 17.417
## 125 Imperial 21.000
## 126 Imperial 19.833
## 127 Imperial 17.667
## 128 Metric 18.083
## 129 Metric 18.000
## 130 Metric 18.333
## 131 Imperial 20.000
## 132 Metric 18.750
## 133 <NA> 19.083
## 134 Imperial 18.500
## 135 Imperial 18.417
## 136 Metric 19.167
## 137 Metric 21.500
## 138 Imperial 19.333
## 139 Metric 21.417
## 140 Metric 18.667
## 141 Metric 17.500
## 142 Metric 21.083
## 143 Imperial 17.250
## 144 Metric 19.000
## 145 Metric 19.167
## 146 Metric 19.000
## 147 Imperial 23.000
## 148 Imperial 32.667
## 149 Metric 20.000
## 150 Metric 20.167
## 151 Metric 25.500
## 152 Metric 18.167
## 153 Imperial 23.500
## 154 Imperial 70.417
## 155 Imperial 43.833
## 156 Metric 23.583
## 157 <NA> 21.083
## 158 Imperial 44.250
## 159 Imperial 19.667
## 160 Metric 17.917
## 161 Metric 18.417
## 162 Metric 21.167
## 163 Imperial 17.500
## 164 Metric 29.083
## 165 Metric 19.917
## 166 Metric 18.500
## 167 Metric 18.167
## 168 Imperial 32.750
## 169 Metric 17.417
## 170 Imperial 17.333
## 171 Metric 73.000
## 172 Imperial 18.667
## 173 <NA> 18.500
## 174 Metric 18.667
## 175 Imperial 17.750
## 176 Metric 17.250
## 177 Imperial 36.583
## 178 Metric 23.083
## 179 <NA> 19.250
## 180 Imperial 17.167
## 181 Metric 23.417
## 182 Imperial 17.083
## 183 Metric 17.250
## 184 Metric 23.833
## 185 Metric 18.750
## 186 Metric 21.167
## 187 Metric 24.667
## 188 Metric 18.500
## 189 Metric 20.333
## 190 Metric 20.083
## 191 Imperial 18.917
## 192 Metric 27.333
## 193 Metric 18.917
## 194 Imperial 17.250
## 195 Imperial 18.167
## 196 Metric 26.500
## 197 Imperial 17.000
## 198 Imperial 17.167
## 199 Metric 19.167
## 200 Metric 17.500
## 201 Metric 19.250
## 202 Metric 21.333
## 203 <NA> 18.583
## 204 Metric 20.167
## 205 Metric 18.667
## 206 Metric 17.083
## 207 Metric 17.417
## 208 Metric 18.583
## 209 Metric 19.500
## 210 Metric 18.500
## 211 Metric 17.167
## 212 Metric 17.250
## 213 <NA> 17.500
## 214 Metric 20.417
## 215 Imperial 17.083
## 216 Metric 21.250
## 217 <NA> 19.250
## 218 Metric 19.333
## 219 Metric 19.167
## 220 Metric 18.917
## 221 Metric 20.917
## 222 Imperial 17.333
## 223 Imperial 18.167
## 224 Metric 20.750
## 225 <NA> 19.917
## 226 <NA> 18.667
## 227 Imperial 18.417
## 228 Metric 17.417
## 229 Metric 20.333
## 230 Metric 19.333
## 231 Metric 18.167
## 232 Imperial 20.750
## 233 Imperial 17.667
## 234 Metric 16.917
## 235 Metric 18.583
## 236 Metric 17.167
## 237 Metric 17.750dim(df)## [1] 237 12str(df)## 'data.frame': 237 obs. of 12 variables:
## $ Sex : Factor w/ 2 levels "Female","Male": 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 ...
## $ Wr.Hnd: num 18.5 19.5 18 18.8 20 18 17.7 17 20 18.5 ...
## $ NW.Hnd: num 18 20.5 13.3 18.9 20 17.7 17.7 17.3 19.5 18.5 ...
## $ W.Hnd : Factor w/ 2 levels "Left","Right": 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ Fold : Factor w/ 3 levels "L on R","Neither",..: 3 3 1 3 2 1 1 3 3 3 ...
## $ Pulse : int 92 104 87 NA 35 64 83 74 72 90 ...
## $ Clap : Factor w/ 3 levels "Left","Neither",..: 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## $ Exer : Factor w/ 3 levels "Freq","None",..: 3 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 3 3 ...
## $ Smoke : Factor w/ 4 levels "Heavy","Never",..: 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ Height: num 173 178 NA 160 165 ...
## $ M.I : Factor w/ 2 levels "Imperial","Metric": 2 1 NA 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 ...
## $ Age : num 18.2 17.6 16.9 20.3 23.7 ...head(df)## Sex Wr.Hnd NW.Hnd W.Hnd Fold Pulse Clap Exer Smoke Height
## 1 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 92 Left Some Never 173.00
## 2 Male 19.5 20.5 Left R on L 104 Left None Regul 177.80
## 3 Male 18.0 13.3 Right L on R 87 Neither None Occas NA
## 4 Male 18.8 18.9 Right R on L NA Neither None Never 160.00
## 5 Male 20.0 20.0 Right Neither 35 Right Some Never 165.00
## 6 Female 18.0 17.7 Right L on R 64 Right Some Never 172.72
## M.I Age
## 1 Metric 18.250
## 2 Imperial 17.583
## 3 <NA> 16.917
## 4 Metric 20.333
## 5 Metric 23.667
## 6 Imperial 21.000tail(df)## Sex Wr.Hnd NW.Hnd W.Hnd Fold Pulse Clap Exer Smoke Height
## 232 Male 18.0 16.0 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 180.34
## 233 Female 18.0 18.0 Right L on R 85 Right Some Never 165.10
## 234 Female 18.5 18.0 Right L on R 88 Right Some Never 160.00
## 235 Female 17.5 16.5 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 170.00
## 236 Male 21.0 21.5 Right R on L 90 Right Some Never 183.00
## 237 Female 17.6 17.3 Right R on L 85 Right Freq Never 168.50
## M.I Age
## 232 Imperial 20.750
## 233 Imperial 17.667
## 234 Metric 16.917
## 235 Metric 18.583
## 236 Metric 17.167
## 237 Metric 17.750summary(df)## Sex Wr.Hnd NW.Hnd W.Hnd Fold
## Female:118 Min. :13.00 Min. :12.50 Left : 18 L on R : 99
## Male :118 1st Qu.:17.50 1st Qu.:17.50 Right:218 Neither: 18
## NA's : 1 Median :18.50 Median :18.50 NA's : 1 R on L :120
## Mean :18.67 Mean :18.58
## 3rd Qu.:19.80 3rd Qu.:19.73
## Max. :23.20 Max. :23.50
## NA's :1 NA's :1
## Pulse Clap Exer Smoke Height
## Min. : 35.00 Left : 39 Freq:115 Heavy: 11 Min. :150.0
## 1st Qu.: 66.00 Neither: 50 None: 24 Never:189 1st Qu.:165.0
## Median : 72.50 Right :147 Some: 98 Occas: 19 Median :171.0
## Mean : 74.15 NA's : 1 Regul: 17 Mean :172.4
## 3rd Qu.: 80.00 NA's : 1 3rd Qu.:180.0
## Max. :104.00 Max. :200.0
## NA's :45 NA's :28
## M.I Age
## Imperial: 68 Min. :16.75
## Metric :141 1st Qu.:17.67
## NA's : 28 Median :18.58
## Mean :20.37
## 3rd Qu.:20.17
## Max. :73.00
## # Sex: The sex of the student. (Factor with levels "Male" and "Female".)
# Wr.Hnd: span (distance from tip of thumb to tip of little finger of spread hand) of writing hand, in centimetres.
# NW.Hnd: span of non-writing hand.
# W.Hnd: writing hand of student. (Factor, with levels "Left" and "Right".)
# Fold: ???Fold your arms! Which is on top??? (Factor, with levels "R on L", "L on R", "Neither".)
# Pulse: pulse rate of student (beats per minute).
# Clap: ???Clap your hands! Which hand is on top???? (Factor, with levels "Right", "Left", "Neither".)
# Exer: how often the student exercises. (Factor, with levels "Freq" (frequently), "Some", "None".)
# Smoke: how much the student smokes. (Factor, levels "Heavy", "Regul" (regularly), "Occas" (occasionally), "Never".)
# Height: height of the student in centimetres.
# M.I: whether the student expressed height in imperial (feet/inches) or metric (centimetres/metres) units. (Factor, levels "Metric", "Imperial".)
# Age: age of the student in years.Let’s change the name of variables
df <- rename(df, H.rate = Pulse)
df## Sex Wr.Hnd NW.Hnd W.Hnd Fold H.rate Clap Exer Smoke Height
## 1 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 92 Left Some Never 173.00
## 2 Male 19.5 20.5 Left R on L 104 Left None Regul 177.80
## 3 Male 18.0 13.3 Right L on R 87 Neither None Occas NA
## 4 Male 18.8 18.9 Right R on L NA Neither None Never 160.00
## 5 Male 20.0 20.0 Right Neither 35 Right Some Never 165.00
## 6 Female 18.0 17.7 Right L on R 64 Right Some Never 172.72
## 7 Male 17.7 17.7 Right L on R 83 Right Freq Never 182.88
## 8 Female 17.0 17.3 Right R on L 74 Right Freq Never 157.00
## 9 Male 20.0 19.5 Right R on L 72 Right Some Never 175.00
## 10 Male 18.5 18.5 Right R on L 90 Right Some Never 167.00
## 11 Female 17.0 17.2 Right L on R 80 Right Freq Never 156.20
## 12 Male 21.0 21.0 Right R on L 68 Left Freq Never NA
## 13 Female 16.0 16.0 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 155.00
## 14 Female 19.5 20.2 Right L on R 66 Neither Some Never 155.00
## 15 Male 16.0 15.5 Right R on L 60 Right Some Never NA
## 16 Female 17.5 17.0 Right R on L NA Right Freq Never 156.00
## 17 Female 18.0 18.0 Right L on R 89 Neither Freq Never 157.00
## 18 Male 19.4 19.2 Left R on L 74 Right Some Never 182.88
## 19 Male 20.5 20.5 Right L on R NA Left Some Never 190.50
## 20 Male 21.0 20.9 Right R on L 78 Right Freq Never 177.00
## 21 Male 21.5 22.0 Right R on L 72 Left Freq Never 190.50
## 22 Male 20.1 20.7 Right L on R 72 Right Freq Never 180.34
## 23 Male 18.5 18.0 Right L on R 64 Right Freq Never 180.34
## 24 Male 21.5 21.2 Right R on L 62 Right Some Never 184.00
## 25 Female 17.0 17.5 Right R on L 64 Left Some Never NA
## 26 Male 18.5 18.5 Right Neither 90 Neither Some Never NA
## 27 Male 21.0 20.7 Right R on L 90 Right Some Never 172.72
## 28 Male 20.8 21.4 Right R on L 62 Neither Freq Never 175.26
## 29 Male 17.8 17.8 Right L on R 76 Neither Freq Never NA
## 30 Male 19.5 19.5 Right L on R 79 Right Some Never 167.00
## 31 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 76 Right None Occas NA
## 32 Male 18.8 18.2 Right L on R 78 Right Freq Never 180.00
## 33 Female 17.1 17.5 Right R on L 72 Right Freq Heavy 166.40
## 34 Male 20.1 20.0 Right R on L 70 Right Some Never 180.00
## 35 Male 18.0 19.0 Right L on R 54 Neither Some Regul NA
## 36 Male 22.2 21.0 Right L on R 66 Right Freq Occas 190.00
## 37 Female 16.0 16.5 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 168.00
## 38 Male 19.4 18.5 Right R on L 72 Neither Freq Never 182.50
## 39 Male 22.0 22.0 Right R on L 80 Right Some Never 185.00
## 40 Male 19.0 19.0 Right R on L NA Neither Freq Occas 171.00
## 41 Female 17.5 16.0 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 169.00
## 42 Female 17.8 18.0 Right R on L 72 Right Some Never 154.94
## 43 Male NA NA Right R on L 60 <NA> Some Never 172.00
## 44 Female 20.1 20.2 Right L on R 80 Right Some Never 176.50
## 45 Female 13.0 13.0 <NA> L on R 70 Left Freq Never 180.34
## 46 Male 17.0 17.5 Right R on L NA Neither Freq Never 180.34
## 47 Male 23.2 22.7 Right L on R 84 Left Freq Regul 180.00
## 48 Male 22.5 23.0 Right R on L 96 Right None Never 170.00
## 49 Female 18.0 17.6 Right R on L 60 Right Some Occas 168.00
## 50 Female 18.0 17.9 Right R on L 50 Left None Never 165.00
## 51 Male 22.0 21.5 Left R on L 55 Left Freq Never 200.00
## 52 Male 20.5 20.0 Right L on R 68 Right Freq Never 190.00
## 53 Male 17.0 18.0 Right L on R 78 Left Some Never 170.18
## 54 Male 20.5 19.5 Right L on R 56 Right Freq Never 179.00
## 55 Male 22.5 22.5 Right R on L 65 Right Freq Regul 182.00
## 56 Male 18.5 18.5 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Never 171.00
## 57 Female 15.5 15.4 Right R on L 70 Neither None Never 157.48
## 58 Male 19.5 19.7 Right R on L 72 Right Freq Never NA
## 59 Male 19.5 19.0 Right L on R 62 Right Freq Never 177.80
## 60 Male 20.6 21.0 Left L on R NA Left Freq Occas 175.26
## 61 Male 22.8 23.2 Right R on L 66 Neither Freq Never 187.00
## 62 Female 18.5 18.2 Right R on L 72 Neither Freq Never 167.64
## 63 Female 19.6 19.7 Right L on R 70 Right Freq Never 178.00
## 64 Female 18.7 18.0 Left L on R NA Left None Never 170.00
## 65 Female 17.3 18.0 Right L on R 64 Neither Freq Never 164.00
## 66 Male 19.5 19.8 Right Neither NA Right Freq Never 183.00
## 67 Female 19.0 19.1 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Never 172.00
## 68 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 64 Right Freq Never NA
## 69 Male 19.0 19.0 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 180.00
## 70 Male 21.0 19.5 Right L on R 80 Left None <NA> NA
## 71 Female 18.0 17.5 Right L on R 64 Left Freq Never 170.00
## 72 Male 19.4 19.5 Right R on L NA Right Freq Heavy 176.00
## 73 Female 17.0 16.6 Right R on L 68 Right Some Never 171.00
## 74 Female 16.5 17.0 Right L on R 40 Left Freq Never 167.64
## 75 Female 15.6 15.8 Right R on L 88 Left Some Never 165.00
## 76 Female 17.5 17.5 Right Neither 68 Right Freq Heavy 170.00
## 77 Female 17.0 17.6 Right L on R 76 Right Some Never 165.00
## 78 Female 18.6 18.0 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Heavy 165.10
## 79 Female 18.3 18.5 Right R on L 68 Neither Some Never 165.10
## 80 Male 20.0 20.5 Right L on R NA Right Freq Never 185.42
## 81 Male 19.5 19.5 Left R on L 66 Left Some Never NA
## 82 Male 19.2 18.9 Right R on L 76 Right Freq Never 176.50
## 83 Female 17.5 17.5 Right R on L 98 Left Freq Never NA
## 84 Female 17.0 17.4 Right R on L NA Neither Some Never NA
## 85 Male 23.0 23.5 Right L on R 90 Right Freq Never 167.64
## 86 Female 17.7 17.0 Right R on L 76 Right Some Never 167.00
## 87 Female 18.2 18.0 Right L on R 70 Right Some Never 162.56
## 88 Female 18.3 18.5 Right R on L 75 Left Freq Never 170.00
## 89 Male 18.0 18.0 Right Neither 60 Right Freq Never 179.00
## 90 Female 18.0 17.7 Left R on L 92 Left Some Never NA
## 91 Male 20.5 20.0 Right R on L 75 Left Some Never 183.00
## 92 Female 17.5 18.0 Right Neither NA Right Some Never NA
## 93 Female 18.2 17.5 Right L on R 70 Right Some Never 165.00
## 94 Female 18.2 18.5 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 168.00
## 95 Male 21.3 20.8 Right R on L 65 Right Freq Heavy 179.00
## 96 Female 19.0 18.8 Right L on R NA Right Some Never NA
## 97 Male 20.0 19.5 Right R on L 68 Neither Freq Regul 190.00
## 98 Female 17.5 17.5 Right R on L 60 Right Freq Never 166.50
## 99 Male 19.5 19.4 Right Neither NA Right Freq Never 165.00
## 100 Female 19.4 19.6 Right R on L 68 Neither Freq Never 175.26
## 101 Male 21.9 22.2 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 187.00
## 102 Male 18.9 19.1 Right L on R 60 Neither None Never 170.00
## 103 Female 16.0 16.0 Right Neither NA Right Some Never 159.00
## 104 Female 17.5 17.3 Right R on L 72 Right Freq Never 175.00
## 105 Female 17.5 17.0 Right R on L 80 Left Some Heavy 163.00
## 106 Female 19.5 18.5 Right R on L 80 Right Some Never 170.00
## 107 Female 16.2 16.4 Right R on L NA Right Freq Occas 172.00
## 108 Female 17.0 15.9 Right R on L 85 Right Freq Never NA
## 109 Male 17.5 17.5 Right L on R 64 Neither Freq Never 180.00
## 110 Male 19.7 20.1 Right R on L 67 Left Some Regul 180.34
## 111 Female 18.5 18.5 Right R on L 76 Left Freq Never 175.00
## 112 Male 19.2 19.6 Right L on R 80 Right None Never 190.50
## 113 Female 17.2 16.7 Right R on L 75 Right Freq Never 170.18
## 114 Male 20.5 21.0 Right R on L 60 Right Freq Never 185.00
## 115 Female 16.0 15.5 Right L on R 60 Left Freq Never 162.56
## 116 Female 16.9 16.0 Right L on R 70 Right None Never 158.00
## 117 Female 17.0 16.7 Right R on L 70 Right Some Never 159.00
## 118 Male 23.0 22.0 Left L on R 83 Left Some Heavy 193.04
## 119 Female 18.5 18.0 Left L on R 100 Neither Some Never 171.00
## 120 Male 21.0 20.4 Right L on R 100 Right Freq Heavy 184.00
## 121 Male 20.0 20.0 Right R on L 80 Neither Freq Occas NA
## 122 Male 22.5 22.5 Right L on R 76 Right Freq Occas 177.00
## 123 Female 18.5 18.0 Right R on L 92 Right Freq Never 172.00
## 124 Male 19.8 20.0 Left L on R 59 Right Freq Never 180.00
## 125 Male 18.5 18.1 Right L on R 66 Left Freq Never 175.26
## 126 Male 19.3 19.4 Right R on L NA Right Freq Never 180.34
## 127 Female 16.0 16.0 Right R on L 68 Right Freq Never 172.72
## 128 Male 18.8 19.1 Right L on R 66 Neither Freq Regul 178.50
## 129 Female 17.5 17.0 Right R on L 74 Right Freq Never 157.00
## 130 Female 16.4 16.5 Right L on R 90 Right Some Never 152.00
## 131 Male 22.0 21.5 Right R on L 86 Right Freq Never 187.96
## 132 Male 19.0 19.5 Right L on R 60 Right Some Never 178.00
## 133 Female 18.9 20.0 Right R on L 86 Right Some Never NA
## 134 Female 15.4 16.4 Left L on R 80 Left Freq Occas 160.02
## 135 Male 17.9 17.8 Right R on L 85 Left Some Never 175.26
## 136 Male 23.1 22.5 Right L on R 90 Right Some Regul 189.00
## 137 <NA> 19.8 19.0 Left L on R 73 Neither Freq Never 172.00
## 138 Male 22.0 22.0 Right L on R 72 Right Freq Never 182.88
## 139 Male 20.0 19.5 Right L on R NA Right Freq Never 170.00
## 140 Female 19.5 18.5 Right L on R 68 Right None Never 167.00
## 141 Female 18.0 18.6 Right R on L 84 Right Some Never 175.00
## 142 Female 18.3 19.0 Right R on L NA Right None Never 165.00
## 143 Female 19.0 18.8 Right R on L 65 Right Freq Never 172.72
## 144 Male 21.4 21.0 Right L on R 96 Neither Some Never 180.00
## 145 Female 20.0 19.5 Left R on L 68 Neither Freq Never 172.00
## 146 Male 18.5 18.5 Right R on L 75 Neither Some Never 185.00
## 147 Male 22.5 22.6 Right L on R 64 Right Freq Regul 187.96
## 148 Male 19.5 20.2 Right R on L 60 Neither Freq Never 185.42
## 149 Female 18.0 18.0 Right L on R 92 Neither Freq Never 165.00
## 150 Female 18.0 18.5 Right R on L 64 Neither Freq Never 164.00
## 151 Male 21.8 22.3 Right R on L 76 Left Freq Never 195.00
## 152 Female 13.0 12.5 Right L on R 80 Right Freq Never 165.00
## 153 Female 16.3 16.2 Right L on R 92 Right Some Regul 152.40
## 154 Male 21.5 21.6 Right R on L 69 Right Freq Never 172.72
## 155 Male 18.9 19.1 Right L on R 68 Right None Never 180.34
## 156 Male 20.5 20.0 Right R on L 76 Right Freq Never 173.00
## 157 Male 14.0 15.5 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Heavy NA
## 158 Female 18.9 19.2 Right L on R 74 Right Some Never 167.64
## 159 Male 20.0 20.5 Right R on L NA Right None Never 187.96
## 160 Male 18.5 19.0 Right L on R 84 Right Freq Regul 187.00
## 161 Female 17.5 17.1 Right R on L 80 Left None Never 167.00
## 162 Male 18.1 18.2 Left Neither NA Right Some Never 168.00
## 163 Male 20.2 20.3 Right L on R 72 Neither Some Never 191.80
## 164 Female 16.5 16.9 Right R on L 60 Neither Freq Occas 169.20
## 165 Male 19.1 19.1 Right Neither NA Right Some Never 177.00
## 166 Female 17.6 17.2 Right R on L 81 Left Some Never 168.00
## 167 Female 19.5 19.2 Right R on L 70 Right Some Never 170.00
## 168 Female 16.5 15.0 Right L on R 65 Right Some Regul 160.02
## 169 Male 19.0 18.5 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Never 189.00
## 170 Male 19.0 18.5 Right R on L 72 Right Freq Never 180.34
## 171 Female 16.5 17.0 Right L on R NA Right Some Never 168.00
## 172 Male 20.5 19.5 Left L on R 80 Right Some Occas 182.88
## 173 Female 15.5 15.5 Right Neither 50 Right Some Regul NA
## 174 Female 18.0 17.5 Right R on L 48 Neither Freq Never 165.00
## 175 Female 17.5 18.0 Right R on L 68 Neither Freq Never 157.48
## 176 Female 19.0 18.5 Left L on R 104 Left Freq Never 170.00
## 177 Male 20.5 20.5 Right Neither 76 Right Freq Regul 172.72
## 178 Female 16.7 17.0 Right L on R 84 Left Freq Never 164.00
## 179 Female 20.5 20.5 Right R on L NA Left Freq Regul NA
## 180 Female 17.0 16.5 Right R on L 70 Right Some Never 162.56
## 181 Male 19.0 19.5 Right R on L 68 Right Freq Occas 172.00
## 182 Female 14.0 13.5 Right R on L 87 Neither Freq Occas 165.10
## 183 Female 17.5 17.6 Right L on R 79 Right Some Never 162.50
## 184 Male 18.5 19.0 Right L on R 70 Left Freq Never 170.00
## 185 Male 18.0 18.5 Right Neither 90 Right Some Never 175.00
## 186 Male 20.5 20.7 Right R on L 72 Right Some Never 168.00
## 187 Female 17.0 17.0 Right L on R 79 Right Some Never 163.00
## 188 Male 18.5 18.5 Right R on L 65 Right None Never 165.00
## 189 Male 18.0 18.5 Right R on L 62 Right Freq Never 173.00
## 190 Male 18.5 18.0 Right Neither 63 Neither Freq Never 196.00
## 191 Male 20.0 19.5 Right R on L 92 Right Some Never 179.10
## 192 Male 22.0 22.5 Right L on R 60 Right Some Never 180.00
## 193 Male 17.9 18.4 Right R on L 68 Left None Occas 176.00
## 194 Female 17.6 17.8 Right L on R 72 Left Some Never 160.02
## 195 Female 16.7 15.1 Right Neither NA Right None Never 157.48
## 196 Female 17.0 17.6 Right L on R 76 Right Some Never 165.00
## 197 Female 15.0 13.0 Right R on L 80 Neither Freq Never 170.18
## 198 Male 16.0 15.5 Right Neither 71 Right Freq Never 154.94
## 199 Female 19.1 19.0 Right R on L 80 Right Some Occas 170.00
## 200 Female 17.5 16.5 Right R on L 80 Neither Some Never 164.00
## 201 Female 16.2 15.8 Right R on L 61 Right Some Occas 167.00
## 202 Male 21.0 21.0 Right L on R 48 Neither Freq Never 174.00
## 203 Female 18.8 17.8 Right R on L 76 Right Some Never NA
## 204 Female 18.5 18.0 Right Neither 86 Right None Never 160.00
## 205 Male 17.0 17.5 Right R on L 80 Right Some Regul 179.10
## 206 Female 17.5 17.0 Right R on L 83 Neither Freq Occas 168.00
## 207 Female 17.5 17.6 Right L on R 76 Right Some Never 153.50
## 208 Male 17.5 17.6 Right R on L 84 Right Some Never 160.00
## 209 Male 17.5 17.0 Left L on R 97 Neither None Never 165.00
## 210 Female 20.8 20.7 Right R on L NA Neither Freq Never 171.50
## 211 Female 18.6 18.6 Right L on R 74 Right Some Never 160.00
## 212 Female 17.5 17.5 Left R on L 83 Neither Some Never 163.00
## 213 Male 18.0 18.5 Right R on L 78 Right Freq Never NA
## 214 Male 17.0 17.5 Right R on L 65 Right Some Never 165.00
## 215 Female 18.0 17.8 Right L on R 68 Right Some Never 168.90
## 216 Male 19.5 20.0 Right Neither NA Right Some Never 170.00
## 217 Female 16.3 16.2 Right L on R NA Right None Never NA
## 218 Male 18.2 19.8 Right R on L 88 Right Freq Never 185.00
## 219 Female 17.0 17.3 Right L on R NA Neither Freq Never 173.00
## 220 Male 23.2 23.2 Right L on R 75 Right Freq Never 188.00
## 221 Male 23.2 23.3 Right L on R NA Right None Heavy 171.00
## 222 Female 15.9 16.5 Right R on L 70 Right Freq Never 167.64
## 223 Female 17.5 18.4 Right R on L 88 Right Some Never 162.56
## 224 Female 17.5 17.6 Right L on R NA Right Freq Never 150.00
## 225 Female 17.6 17.2 Right L on R NA Right Some Never NA
## 226 Female 17.5 17.8 Right R on L 96 Right Some Never NA
## 227 Female 18.8 18.3 Right R on L 80 Right Some Heavy 170.18
## 228 Male 20.0 19.8 Right L on R 68 Right Freq Never 185.00
## 229 Female 18.6 18.8 Right L on R 70 Right Freq Regul 167.00
## 230 Male 18.6 19.6 Right L on R 71 Right Freq Occas 185.00
## 231 Female 18.8 18.5 Right R on L 80 Right Some Never 169.00
## 232 Male 18.0 16.0 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 180.34
## 233 Female 18.0 18.0 Right L on R 85 Right Some Never 165.10
## 234 Female 18.5 18.0 Right L on R 88 Right Some Never 160.00
## 235 Female 17.5 16.5 Right R on L NA Right Some Never 170.00
## 236 Male 21.0 21.5 Right R on L 90 Right Some Never 183.00
## 237 Female 17.6 17.3 Right R on L 85 Right Freq Never 168.50
## M.I Age
## 1 Metric 18.250
## 2 Imperial 17.583
## 3 <NA> 16.917
## 4 Metric 20.333
## 5 Metric 23.667
## 6 Imperial 21.000
## 7 Imperial 18.833
## 8 Metric 35.833
## 9 Metric 19.000
## 10 Metric 22.333
## 11 Imperial 28.500
## 12 <NA> 18.250
## 13 Metric 18.750
## 14 Metric 17.500
## 15 <NA> 17.167
## 16 Metric 17.167
## 17 Metric 19.333
## 18 Imperial 18.333
## 19 Imperial 19.750
## 20 Metric 17.917
## 21 Imperial 17.917
## 22 Imperial 18.167
## 23 Imperial 17.833
## 24 Metric 18.250
## 25 <NA> 19.167
## 26 <NA> 17.583
## 27 Imperial 17.500
## 28 Imperial 18.083
## 29 <NA> 21.917
## 30 Metric 19.250
## 31 <NA> 41.583
## 32 Metric 17.500
## 33 Imperial 39.750
## 34 Metric 17.167
## 35 <NA> 17.750
## 36 Metric 18.000
## 37 Metric 19.000
## 38 Metric 17.917
## 39 Metric 35.500
## 40 Metric 19.917
## 41 Metric 17.500
## 42 Imperial 17.083
## 43 Metric 28.583
## 44 Imperial 17.500
## 45 Imperial 17.417
## 46 Imperial 18.500
## 47 Metric 18.917
## 48 Metric 19.417
## 49 Metric 18.417
## 50 Metric 30.750
## 51 Metric 18.500
## 52 Metric 17.500
## 53 Imperial 18.333
## 54 Metric 17.417
## 55 Metric 20.000
## 56 Metric 18.333
## 57 Imperial 17.167
## 58 <NA> 17.417
## 59 Imperial 17.667
## 60 Imperial 18.417
## 61 Metric 20.333
## 62 Imperial 17.333
## 63 Metric 17.500
## 64 Metric 19.833
## 65 Metric 18.583
## 66 Metric 18.000
## 67 Metric 30.667
## 68 <NA> 16.917
## 69 Metric 19.917
## 70 <NA> 18.333
## 71 Metric 17.583
## 72 Metric 17.833
## 73 Metric 17.667
## 74 Imperial 17.417
## 75 Metric 17.750
## 76 Metric 20.667
## 77 Metric 23.583
## 78 Imperial 17.167
## 79 Imperial 17.083
## 80 Imperial 18.750
## 81 <NA> 16.750
## 82 Imperial 20.167
## 83 <NA> 17.667
## 84 <NA> 17.167
## 85 Imperial 17.167
## 86 Metric 17.250
## 87 Imperial 18.000
## 88 Metric 18.750
## 89 Metric 21.583
## 90 <NA> 17.583
## 91 Metric 19.667
## 92 <NA> 18.000
## 93 Metric 19.667
## 94 Metric 17.083
## 95 Metric 22.833
## 96 <NA> 17.083
## 97 Metric 19.417
## 98 Metric 23.250
## 99 Metric 18.083
## 100 Imperial 19.083
## 101 Metric 18.917
## 102 Metric 17.750
## 103 Metric 20.833
## 104 Metric 20.167
## 105 Metric 17.667
## 106 Metric 18.250
## 107 Metric 17.000
## 108 <NA> 18.500
## 109 Metric 18.583
## 110 Imperial 17.750
## 111 Metric 24.167
## 112 Imperial 18.167
## 113 Imperial 21.167
## 114 Metric 17.917
## 115 Imperial 17.417
## 116 Metric 20.500
## 117 Metric 22.917
## 118 Imperial 18.917
## 119 Metric 18.917
## 120 Metric 20.083
## 121 <NA> 17.500
## 122 Metric 18.250
## 123 Metric 17.500
## 124 Metric 17.417
## 125 Imperial 21.000
## 126 Imperial 19.833
## 127 Imperial 17.667
## 128 Metric 18.083
## 129 Metric 18.000
## 130 Metric 18.333
## 131 Imperial 20.000
## 132 Metric 18.750
## 133 <NA> 19.083
## 134 Imperial 18.500
## 135 Imperial 18.417
## 136 Metric 19.167
## 137 Metric 21.500
## 138 Imperial 19.333
## 139 Metric 21.417
## 140 Metric 18.667
## 141 Metric 17.500
## 142 Metric 21.083
## 143 Imperial 17.250
## 144 Metric 19.000
## 145 Metric 19.167
## 146 Metric 19.000
## 147 Imperial 23.000
## 148 Imperial 32.667
## 149 Metric 20.000
## 150 Metric 20.167
## 151 Metric 25.500
## 152 Metric 18.167
## 153 Imperial 23.500
## 154 Imperial 70.417
## 155 Imperial 43.833
## 156 Metric 23.583
## 157 <NA> 21.083
## 158 Imperial 44.250
## 159 Imperial 19.667
## 160 Metric 17.917
## 161 Metric 18.417
## 162 Metric 21.167
## 163 Imperial 17.500
## 164 Metric 29.083
## 165 Metric 19.917
## 166 Metric 18.500
## 167 Metric 18.167
## 168 Imperial 32.750
## 169 Metric 17.417
## 170 Imperial 17.333
## 171 Metric 73.000
## 172 Imperial 18.667
## 173 <NA> 18.500
## 174 Metric 18.667
## 175 Imperial 17.750
## 176 Metric 17.250
## 177 Imperial 36.583
## 178 Metric 23.083
## 179 <NA> 19.250
## 180 Imperial 17.167
## 181 Metric 23.417
## 182 Imperial 17.083
## 183 Metric 17.250
## 184 Metric 23.833
## 185 Metric 18.750
## 186 Metric 21.167
## 187 Metric 24.667
## 188 Metric 18.500
## 189 Metric 20.333
## 190 Metric 20.083
## 191 Imperial 18.917
## 192 Metric 27.333
## 193 Metric 18.917
## 194 Imperial 17.250
## 195 Imperial 18.167
## 196 Metric 26.500
## 197 Imperial 17.000
## 198 Imperial 17.167
## 199 Metric 19.167
## 200 Metric 17.500
## 201 Metric 19.250
## 202 Metric 21.333
## 203 <NA> 18.583
## 204 Metric 20.167
## 205 Metric 18.667
## 206 Metric 17.083
## 207 Metric 17.417
## 208 Metric 18.583
## 209 Metric 19.500
## 210 Metric 18.500
## 211 Metric 17.167
## 212 Metric 17.250
## 213 <NA> 17.500
## 214 Metric 20.417
## 215 Imperial 17.083
## 216 Metric 21.250
## 217 <NA> 19.250
## 218 Metric 19.333
## 219 Metric 19.167
## 220 Metric 18.917
## 221 Metric 20.917
## 222 Imperial 17.333
## 223 Imperial 18.167
## 224 Metric 20.750
## 225 <NA> 19.917
## 226 <NA> 18.667
## 227 Imperial 18.417
## 228 Metric 17.417
## 229 Metric 20.333
## 230 Metric 19.333
## 231 Metric 18.167
## 232 Imperial 20.750
## 233 Imperial 17.667
## 234 Metric 16.917
## 235 Metric 18.583
## 236 Metric 17.167
## 237 Metric 17.750Making a graph
table(df$Sex, exclude = NULL)##
## Female Male <NA>
## 118 118 1qplot(df$Sex)
table(df$Smoke)##
## Heavy Never Occas Regul
## 11 189 19 17qplot(df$Smoke)
summary(df$Age)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 16.75 17.67 18.58 20.37 20.17 73.00hist(df$Age)
hist(df$H.rate)
Missing values in variables
table(is.na(df)) # missing values##
## FALSE TRUE
## 2737 107table(is.na(df$Sex))##
## FALSE TRUE
## 236 1table(is.na(df$H.rate))##
## FALSE TRUE
## 192 45table(is.na(df$Smoke))##
## FALSE TRUE
## 236 1table(is.na(df$Exer))##
## FALSE
## 237mean(df$H.rate) # mean of H.rate## [1] NAmean(df$H.rate, na.rm = T) # mean without NAs(missing)## [1] 74.15104Let’s see possible relationship between variables
# Height and H.rate
ggplot(data=df, aes(x = Height, y = H.rate)) +
geom_point()## Warning: Removed 66 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
# Smoke and H.rate
df_smoke <- df %>%
group_by (Smoke) %>%
summarise(mean_H.rate = mean(H.rate, na.rm = T))
df_smoke ## # A tibble: 5 x 2
## Smoke mean_H.rate
## <fctr> <dbl>
## 1 Heavy 78.28571
## 2 Never 73.99342
## 3 Occas 73.93750
## 4 Regul 73.68750
## 5 <NA> 80.00000ggplot(data=df_smoke, aes(x= Smoke, y = mean_H.rate)) +
geom_col()
ggplot(data = df, aes(x = Smoke, y = H.rate)) +
geom_boxplot()## Warning: Removed 45 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).