Data Manipulation

Is there a relation between the area and price?

To investigate if there is a relation between area and price, a preliminary scatter plot of price against area is plotted.

Because of outliers, the relation isn’t very obvious. Zooming in to the main region of the graph, we get:

There is some relation between the area and the price but it is not an obvious one. The price increases as the area of the stall increases.

What is the average price per m2 per type and trade?

type trade averagePriceM2
cooked COOKED FOOD 223.81
cooked CUT FRUITS 260.28
cooked DRINKS 214.41
cooked HALAL COOKED FOOD 132.16
cooked INDIAN CUISINE 93.29
lockup ASSORTED SPICES 24.20
lockup BEANCAKES & NOODLES 22.93
lockup BEEF 28.98
lockup EGGS 30.34
lockup FLOWERS 37.15
lockup FRESH SEA FOOD 42.73
lockup FRESH SEAFOOD 42.10
lockup FROZEN GOODS 25.20
lockup HALAL BEEF 11.81
lockup HALAL FROZEN GOODS 33.45
lockup HALAL MUTTON 20.60
lockup HALAL POULTRY 21.50
lockup MUTTON 23.80
lockup PIECE & SUNDRY GOODS 82.00
lockup PORK 26.69
lockup POULTRY 29.43
lockup PRESERVED & DRIED GOODS 57.07
lockup PROCESSED RAW SEAFOOD 36.19
lockup VEGETABLES 50.38
lockup WHOLE FRUITS 53.46

What is the average price per m2 per hawker centre?

centre averagePriceM2
AMOY STREET FOOD CENTRE 357.69
BEO CRESCENT MARKET 26.94
BERSEH FOOD CENTRE 90.11
BLK 1 JALAN KUKOH 41.66
BLK 105 HOUGANG AVENUE 1 114.45
BLK 11 TELOK BLANGAH CRESCENT 79.59
BLK 112 JALAN BUKIT MERAH 42.84
BLK 115 BUKIT MERAH VIEW 70.42
BLK 117 ALJUNIED AVENUE 2 126.38
BLK 120 BUKIT MERAH LANE 1 177.65
BLK 127 TOA PAYOH LORONG 1 66.12
BLK 13 HAIG ROAD 15.75
BLK 137 TAMPINES STREET 11 47.61
BLK 14 HAIG ROAD 410.03
BLK 159 MEI CHIN ROAD 43.17
BLK 16 BEDOK SOUTH ROAD 67.22
BLK 160 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 4 28.73
BLK 162 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 4 181.00
BLK 17 UPPER BOON KENG ROAD 146.89
BLK 20 GHIM MOH ROAD 163.47
BLK 209 HOUGANG STREET 21 96.66
BLK 21 MARSILING LANE 70.11
BLK 210 TOA PAYOH LORONG 8 65.38
BLK 216 BEDOK NORTH STREET 1 74.64
BLK 22 TOA PAYOH LORONG 7 64.66
BLK 221A BOON LAY PLACE 16.71
BLK 226D ANG MO KIO AVENUE 1 56.27
BLK 226H ANG MO KIO STREET 22 183.23
BLK 22A HAVELOCK ROAD 430.38
BLK 22B HAVELOCK ROAD 47.01
BLK 254 JURONG EAST STREET 24 170.81
BLK 270 QUEEN STREET 44.77
BLK 29 BENDEMEER ROAD 79.27
BLK 3 CHANGI VILLAGE ROAD 116.73
BLK 32 NEW MARKET ROAD 401.87
BLK 320 SHUNFU ROAD 37.53
BLK 335 SMITH STREET 89.90
BLK 341 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 1 48.48
BLK 347 JURONG EAST AVENUE 1 82.81
BLK 353 CLEMENTI AVENUE 2 41.06
BLK 36 TELOK BLANGAH RISE 42.51
BLK 37A TEBAN GARDENS ROAD 173.51
BLK 38A BEO CRESCENT 115.11
BLK 409 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 10 58.82
BLK 41A CAMBRIDGE ROAD 23.74
BLK 44 HOLLAND DRIVE 94.92
BLK 448 CLEMENTI AVENUE 3 59.24
BLK 453A ANG MO KIO AVENUE 10 141.80
BLK 49 SIMS PLACE 125.02
BLK 4A EUNOS CRESCENT 66.77
BLK 4A JALAN BATU 34.67
BLK 502 WEST COAST DRIVE 25.69
BLK 503 WEST COAST DRIVE 345.79
BLK 50A MARINE TERRACE 335.56
BLK 51 OLD AIRPORT ROAD 167.62
BLK 511 BEDOK NORTH STREET 3 16.67
BLK 527 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 10 82.30
BLK 531A UPPER CROSS STREET 78.13
BLK 538 BEDOK NORTH STREET 3 42.62
BLK 58 NEW UPPER CHANGI ROAD 99.98
BLK 6 JALAN BUKIT MERAH 249.93
BLK 6 TANJONG PAGAR PLAZA 55.83
BLK 628 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 4 119.17
BLK 630 BEDOK RESERVOIR ROAD 44.64
BLK 665 BUFFALO ROAD 217.51
BLK 7 EMPRESS ROAD 111.92
BLK 724 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 6 35.26
BLK 726 CLEMENTI WEST STREET 2 112.68
BLK 74 TOA PAYOH LORONG 4 26.34
BLK 75 TOA PAYOH LORONG 5 173.61
BLK 79 CIRCUIT ROAD 161.33
BLK 79 REDHILL LANE 57.59
BLK 79 TELOK BLANGAH DRIVE 306.37
BLK 79A CIRCUIT ROAD 210.81
BLK 80 CIRCUIT ROAD 27.54
BLK 82 TELOK BLANGAH DRIVE 30.05
BLK 85 BEDOK NORTH STREET 4 67.26
BLK 85 REDHILL LANE 409.15
BLK 89 CIRCUIT ROAD 35.94
BLK 90 WHAMPOA DRIVE 88.94
BLK 91 WHAMPOA DRIVE 141.73
BLK 92 WHAMPOA DRIVE 71.15
BLK 93 TOA PAYOH LORONG 4 63.26
BUKIT TIMAH MARKET 74.98
COMMONWEALTH CRESCENT MARKET 49.83
DUNMAN FOOD CENTRE 72.00
EAST COAST LAGOON FOOD VILLAGE 278.06
GEYLANG SERAI MARKET 217.62
GOLDEN MILE FOOD CENTRE 92.10
HOLLAND ROAD MARKET 90.07
HOLLAND VILLAGE MARKET 144.16
KALLANG ESTATE MARKET 13.89
MARKET STREET FOOD CENTRE 297.63
MAXWELL FOOD CENTRE 305.69
NEWTON FOOD CENTRE 280.93
NORTH BRIDGE ROAD MARKET 33.65
SERANGOON GARDEN MARKET 116.93
TAMAN JURONG MARKET & FOOD CENTRE 71.13
TANGLIN HALT MARKET 61.20
TIONG BAHRU MARKET 94.30
ZION RIVERSIDE FOOD CENTRE 196.55

How many bids are there for each hawker centre?

centre bids
AMOY STREET FOOD CENTRE 62
BEO CRESCENT MARKET 21
BERSEH FOOD CENTRE 103
BLK 1 JALAN KUKOH 3
BLK 105 HOUGANG AVENUE 1 15
BLK 11 TELOK BLANGAH CRESCENT 23
BLK 112 JALAN BUKIT MERAH 23
BLK 115 BUKIT MERAH VIEW 32
BLK 117 ALJUNIED AVENUE 2 131
BLK 120 BUKIT MERAH LANE 1 20
BLK 127 TOA PAYOH LORONG 1 32
BLK 13 HAIG ROAD 9
BLK 137 TAMPINES STREET 11 17
BLK 14 HAIG ROAD 2
BLK 159 MEI CHIN ROAD 49
BLK 16 BEDOK SOUTH ROAD 41
BLK 160 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 4 12
BLK 162 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 4 1
BLK 17 UPPER BOON KENG ROAD 47
BLK 20 GHIM MOH ROAD 24
BLK 209 HOUGANG STREET 21 3
BLK 21 MARSILING LANE 10
BLK 210 TOA PAYOH LORONG 8 23
BLK 216 BEDOK NORTH STREET 1 25
BLK 22 TOA PAYOH LORONG 7 31
BLK 221A BOON LAY PLACE 9
BLK 226D ANG MO KIO AVENUE 1 42
BLK 226H ANG MO KIO STREET 22 2
BLK 22A HAVELOCK ROAD 1
BLK 22B HAVELOCK ROAD 4
BLK 254 JURONG EAST STREET 24 6
BLK 270 QUEEN STREET 27
BLK 29 BENDEMEER ROAD 28
BLK 3 CHANGI VILLAGE ROAD 19
BLK 32 NEW MARKET ROAD 6
BLK 320 SHUNFU ROAD 19
BLK 335 SMITH STREET 249
BLK 341 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 1 25
BLK 347 JURONG EAST AVENUE 1 15
BLK 353 CLEMENTI AVENUE 2 28
BLK 36 TELOK BLANGAH RISE 23
BLK 37A TEBAN GARDENS ROAD 5
BLK 38A BEO CRESCENT 1
BLK 409 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 10 20
BLK 41A CAMBRIDGE ROAD 21
BLK 44 HOLLAND DRIVE 47
BLK 448 CLEMENTI AVENUE 3 4
BLK 453A ANG MO KIO AVENUE 10 9
BLK 49 SIMS PLACE 17
BLK 4A EUNOS CRESCENT 21
BLK 4A JALAN BATU 38
BLK 502 WEST COAST DRIVE 18
BLK 503 WEST COAST DRIVE 19
BLK 50A MARINE TERRACE 8
BLK 51 OLD AIRPORT ROAD 63
BLK 511 BEDOK NORTH STREET 3 1
BLK 527 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 10 20
BLK 531A UPPER CROSS STREET 59
BLK 538 BEDOK NORTH STREET 3 12
BLK 58 NEW UPPER CHANGI ROAD 9
BLK 6 JALAN BUKIT MERAH 34
BLK 6 TANJONG PAGAR PLAZA 17
BLK 628 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 4 30
BLK 630 BEDOK RESERVOIR ROAD 19
BLK 665 BUFFALO ROAD 50
BLK 7 EMPRESS ROAD 13
BLK 724 ANG MO KIO AVENUE 6 38
BLK 726 CLEMENTI WEST STREET 2 14
BLK 74 TOA PAYOH LORONG 4 53
BLK 75 TOA PAYOH LORONG 5 1
BLK 79 CIRCUIT ROAD 20
BLK 79 REDHILL LANE 20
BLK 79 TELOK BLANGAH DRIVE 2
BLK 79A CIRCUIT ROAD 8
BLK 80 CIRCUIT ROAD 14
BLK 82 TELOK BLANGAH DRIVE 17
BLK 85 BEDOK NORTH STREET 4 32
BLK 85 REDHILL LANE 8
BLK 89 CIRCUIT ROAD 20
BLK 90 WHAMPOA DRIVE 11
BLK 91 WHAMPOA DRIVE 2
BLK 92 WHAMPOA DRIVE 21
BLK 93 TOA PAYOH LORONG 4 10
BUKIT TIMAH MARKET 24
COMMONWEALTH CRESCENT MARKET 77
DUNMAN FOOD CENTRE 32
EAST COAST LAGOON FOOD VILLAGE 3
GEYLANG SERAI MARKET 14
GOLDEN MILE FOOD CENTRE 93
HOLLAND ROAD MARKET 4
HOLLAND VILLAGE MARKET 33
KALLANG ESTATE MARKET 24
MARKET STREET FOOD CENTRE 17
MAXWELL FOOD CENTRE 47
NEWTON FOOD CENTRE 46
NORTH BRIDGE ROAD MARKET 59
SERANGOON GARDEN MARKET 19
TAMAN JURONG MARKET & FOOD CENTRE 118
TANGLIN HALT MARKET 20
TIONG BAHRU MARKET 37
ZION RIVERSIDE FOOD CENTRE 4

Does the number of bids change over time?

Does the average price per m2 change over time?

How does the number of bids for cooked food hawker stalls change over time?

Spatial Data

Checking the results of the join

The problem with the graph above is that the circles overlap since there are many stalls in the same hawker centre. Hence, we create a density plot to visualize the number of stalls in the same hawker centre.

Another density plot using colors instead of contours

Do you think there is a specific spatial distribution with regard to the number of bids per ‘trade’ or ‘type’?

To investigate spatial distribution with regard to number of bids per ‘trade’, a faceted plot of the hawker distribution by trade is created. In general, most of the hawker bids are in the southern and central regions. The distribution of hawker bids for halal cooked food closely follows that of cooked food, which is clustered around the Central Business District area, where the office crowd can be expected.

To investigate spatial distribution with regard to number of bids per ‘type’, a faceted plot by type is created:

The spatial distribution of bids for cooked and lockup are very similar, spanning the coastline from the western region to the southeastern region, and from the central region to the southeastern region.

Spatial Point Patterns

## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile 
## Source: ".", layer: "sg-all"
## with 1 features
## It has 13 fields

Plotting centres.ppp

Clustering of Hawker Centres

Density Plot

Contour Map

Clustering of Hawker Centres in Space

A graph of intensity of hawker center point pattern as function of the population (covariate) is plotted.

## sg-pop.tif has GDAL driver GTiff 
## and has 37 rows and 58 columns

If we weigh each centre by its average tender price, we obtain the following graph.

Hawker Centres on Population Heatmap

The outliers are located in Sengkang, Punggol, Jurong East, Choa Chu Kang, Woodlands. These areas have lower than expected intensity of hawker centres because the dataset only consist of tender bids for public hawker centres and does not account for tender bids for private hawker centres like Kopitiam Square in Sengkang and the hawker centre 444 Pasir Ris Drive 6 (run by the private company Kimly Group). As the authorities are more likely to keep hawker centres in important areas like the CBD under their purview and allow private companies to run those that are in the heartlands, we see a lower than expected intensity of public hawker centres tender bids in heartlands despite their large populations. Hence, a ‘dip’ can be expected in the places where the population density is the highest.

Another reason why these areas have lower than expected intensity of hawker centres is because they have big malls or community centres within them that have multiple food courts, eateries and restaurants. This includes malls such as Waterway Point and Compass One for the Punggol and Sengkang region, and Jurong East Mall, JCube and Westgate in Jurong East.