Today, the items I was most fuzzy on the difference between all of the hypothesis testing. I forgot about all the little, specific details that differentiate the different types of hypothesis testing. For the two sided alternative, you have to multiply the pval by two in order to accommodate for the two tails. If you want to see the less-than or greateer-than side, then in the R code you have to have the lower.tail=FALSE or lower.tail=TRUE. The distribution matters as well, for some HT then you need to use pnorm and others you need to use pt. I have to remember to double check which type of hypothesis test to do, which distribution to follow, and then which tail and label to follow.