POL1004/SOC1004 Data Analysis in Social Science - Lab 1
Raluca Popp
23 January 2018
Estimation and uncertainty. The foundations of statistics
Review basic descriptive statistics
Load the data
pokemon <- read.csv("//isad.isadroot.ex.ac.uk/UOE/User/Desktop/Pokemon.csv", header = TRUE)Data source: https://www.kaggle.com/abcsds/pokemon
Explore the data
names(pokemon)## [1] "X." "Name" "Type.1" "Type.2" "Total"
## [6] "HP" "Attack" "Defense" "Sp..Atk" "Sp..Def"
## [11] "Speed" "Generation" "Legendary"summary(pokemon)## X. Name Type.1
## Min. : 1.0 Abomasnow : 1 Water :112
## 1st Qu.:184.8 AbomasnowMega Abomasnow: 1 Normal : 98
## Median :364.5 Abra : 1 Grass : 70
## Mean :362.8 Absol : 1 Bug : 69
## 3rd Qu.:539.2 AbsolMega Absol : 1 Psychic: 57
## Max. :721.0 Accelgor : 1 Fire : 52
## (Other) :794 (Other):342
## Type.2 Total HP Attack
## :386 Min. :180.0 Min. : 1.00 Min. : 5
## Flying : 97 1st Qu.:330.0 1st Qu.: 50.00 1st Qu.: 55
## Ground : 35 Median :450.0 Median : 65.00 Median : 75
## Poison : 34 Mean :435.1 Mean : 69.26 Mean : 79
## Psychic : 33 3rd Qu.:515.0 3rd Qu.: 80.00 3rd Qu.:100
## Fighting: 26 Max. :780.0 Max. :255.00 Max. :190
## (Other) :189
## Defense Sp..Atk Sp..Def Speed
## Min. : 5.00 Min. : 10.00 Min. : 20.0 Min. : 5.00
## 1st Qu.: 50.00 1st Qu.: 49.75 1st Qu.: 50.0 1st Qu.: 45.00
## Median : 70.00 Median : 65.00 Median : 70.0 Median : 65.00
## Mean : 73.84 Mean : 72.82 Mean : 71.9 Mean : 68.28
## 3rd Qu.: 90.00 3rd Qu.: 95.00 3rd Qu.: 90.0 3rd Qu.: 90.00
## Max. :230.00 Max. :194.00 Max. :230.0 Max. :180.00
##
## Generation Legendary
## Min. :1.000 False:735
## 1st Qu.:2.000 True : 65
## Median :3.000
## Mean :3.324
## 3rd Qu.:5.000
## Max. :6.000
## Bonus, the ‘pshych’ package - describe() function
#install.packages("psych")
library("psych")
describe(pokemon)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range
## X. 1 800 362.81 208.34 364.5 362.99 263.16 1 721 720
## Name* 2 800 400.50 231.08 400.5 400.50 296.52 1 800 799
## Type.1* 3 800 10.47 5.58 11.0 10.69 7.41 1 18 17
## Type.2* 4 800 6.07 5.84 3.0 5.30 2.97 1 19 18
## Total 5 800 435.10 119.96 450.0 432.58 126.02 180 780 600
## HP 6 800 69.26 25.53 65.0 67.35 22.24 1 255 254
## Attack 7 800 79.00 32.46 75.0 77.16 29.65 5 190 185
## Defense 8 800 73.84 31.18 70.0 71.04 29.65 5 230 225
## Sp..Atk 9 800 72.82 32.72 65.0 70.16 29.65 10 194 184
## Sp..Def 10 800 71.90 27.83 70.0 69.98 29.65 20 230 210
## Speed 11 800 68.28 29.06 65.0 67.25 31.13 5 180 175
## Generation 12 800 3.32 1.66 3.0 3.28 2.97 1 6 5
## Legendary* 13 800 1.08 0.27 1.0 1.00 0.00 1 2 1
## skew kurtosis se
## X. 0.00 -1.17 7.37
## Name* 0.00 -1.20 8.17
## Type.1* -0.28 -1.19 0.20
## Type.2* 0.70 -0.90 0.21
## Total 0.15 -0.52 4.24
## HP 1.56 7.15 0.90
## Attack 0.55 0.15 1.15
## Defense 1.15 2.69 1.10
## Sp..Atk 0.74 0.28 1.16
## Sp..Def 0.85 1.60 0.98
## Speed 0.36 -0.25 1.03
## Generation 0.01 -1.24 0.06
## Legendary* 3.06 7.37 0.01Measures of central tendency
Refresher: page 60 Imai’s book
Mean
mean(pokemon$Speed)## [1] 68.2775Median
median(pokemon$Speed)## [1] 65Mode
#install.packages("modeest")
library(modeest)## Warning: package 'modeest' was built under R version 3.3.3##
## This is package 'modeest' written by P. PONCET.
## For a complete list of functions, use 'library(help = "modeest")' or 'help.start()'.mlv(pokemon$Speed, method = "mfv")## Mode (most frequent value): 50
## Bickel's modal skewness: 0.4
## Call: mlv.integer(x = pokemon$Speed, method = "mfv")Measures of spread
Refresher: page 63 Imai’s book
Variance
range(pokemon$HP)## [1] 1 255var(pokemon$HP)## [1] 652.0193Standard deviation
sd(pokemon$HP)## [1] 25.53467Standard deviation is the square root of variance. Let’s double check
sqrt(var(pokemon$HP))## [1] 25.53467Bonus: click here for a cute example
Frequency distribution
table()
table(pokemon$Type.1)##
## Bug Dark Dragon Electric Fairy Fighting Fire Flying
## 69 31 32 44 17 27 52 4
## Ghost Grass Ground Ice Normal Poison Psychic Rock
## 32 70 32 24 98 28 57 44
## Steel Water
## 27 112table(pokemon$Type.2)##
## Bug Dark Dragon Electric Fairy Fighting Fire
## 386 3 20 18 6 23 26 12
## Flying Ghost Grass Ground Ice Normal Poison Psychic
## 97 14 25 35 14 4 34 33
## Rock Steel Water
## 14 22 14table(pokemon$Generation)##
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 166 106 160 121 165 82table(pokemon$Legendary)##
## False True
## 735 65hist() - ONLY FOR NUMERIC VARIABLES
hist(pokemon$Speed)
hist(pokemon$HP)
Type of variables
Quantitative
Interval scale
class(pokemon$Generation)## [1] "integer"table(pokemon$Generation)##
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 166 106 160 121 165 82Ratio scale
We don’t have one in this dataset ```
Qualitative
Ordinal
class(pokemon$Generation)## [1] "integer"table(pokemon$Generation)##
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 166 106 160 121 165 82Categorical
class(pokemon$Type.1)## [1] "factor"table(pokemon$Type.1)##
## Bug Dark Dragon Electric Fairy Fighting Fire Flying
## 69 31 32 44 17 27 52 4
## Ghost Grass Ground Ice Normal Poison Psychic Rock
## 32 70 32 24 98 28 57 44
## Steel Water
## 27 112Binary
class(pokemon$Legendary)## [1] "factor"table(pokemon$Legendary)##
## False True
## 735 65The type of variables becomes extremely important when we are running analysis (we’ll learn later about that). For now. try to produce a histogram for the “Name” variable
# hist(pokemon$Name)
hist(pokemon$Generation)
Factor variables. They have levels
class(pokemon$Legendary)## [1] "factor"levels(pokemon$Legendary)## [1] "False" "True"Factor variables can be both categorical or binary. EVEN numeric. Remember, both numeric and character variables can be made into factors, but a factor’s levels will always be character values.
sapply(pokemon, class)## X. Name Type.1 Type.2 Total HP
## "integer" "factor" "factor" "factor" "integer" "integer"
## Attack Defense Sp..Atk Sp..Def Speed Generation
## "integer" "integer" "integer" "integer" "integer" "integer"
## Legendary
## "factor"levels(pokemon$Name)## [1] "Abomasnow" "AbomasnowMega Abomasnow"
## [3] "Abra" "Absol"
## [5] "AbsolMega Absol" "Accelgor"
## [7] "AegislashBlade Forme" "AegislashShield Forme"
## [9] "Aerodactyl" "AerodactylMega Aerodactyl"
## [11] "Aggron" "AggronMega Aggron"
## [13] "Aipom" "Alakazam"
## [15] "AlakazamMega Alakazam" "Alomomola"
## [17] "Altaria" "AltariaMega Altaria"
## [19] "Amaura" "Ambipom"
## [21] "Amoonguss" "Ampharos"
## [23] "AmpharosMega Ampharos" "Anorith"
## [25] "Arbok" "Arcanine"
## [27] "Arceus" "Archen"
## [29] "Archeops" "Ariados"
## [31] "Armaldo" "Aromatisse"
## [33] "Aron" "Articuno"
## [35] "Audino" "AudinoMega Audino"
## [37] "Aurorus" "Avalugg"
## [39] "Axew" "Azelf"
## [41] "Azumarill" "Azurill"
## [43] "Bagon" "Baltoy"
## [45] "Banette" "BanetteMega Banette"
## [47] "Barbaracle" "Barboach"
## [49] "Basculin" "Bastiodon"
## [51] "Bayleef" "Beartic"
## [53] "Beautifly" "Beedrill"
## [55] "BeedrillMega Beedrill" "Beheeyem"
## [57] "Beldum" "Bellossom"
## [59] "Bellsprout" "Bergmite"
## [61] "Bibarel" "Bidoof"
## [63] "Binacle" "Bisharp"
## [65] "Blastoise" "BlastoiseMega Blastoise"
## [67] "Blaziken" "BlazikenMega Blaziken"
## [69] "Blissey" "Blitzle"
## [71] "Boldore" "Bonsly"
## [73] "Bouffalant" "Braixen"
## [75] "Braviary" "Breloom"
## [77] "Bronzong" "Bronzor"
## [79] "Budew" "Buizel"
## [81] "Bulbasaur" "Buneary"
## [83] "Bunnelby" "Burmy"
## [85] "Butterfree" "Cacnea"
## [87] "Cacturne" "Camerupt"
## [89] "CameruptMega Camerupt" "Carbink"
## [91] "Carnivine" "Carracosta"
## [93] "Carvanha" "Cascoon"
## [95] "Castform" "Caterpie"
## [97] "Celebi" "Chandelure"
## [99] "Chansey" "Charizard"
## [101] "CharizardMega Charizard X" "CharizardMega Charizard Y"
## [103] "Charmander" "Charmeleon"
## [105] "Chatot" "Cherrim"
## [107] "Cherubi" "Chesnaught"
## [109] "Chespin" "Chikorita"
## [111] "Chimchar" "Chimecho"
## [113] "Chinchou" "Chingling"
## [115] "Cinccino" "Clamperl"
## [117] "Clauncher" "Clawitzer"
## [119] "Claydol" "Clefable"
## [121] "Clefairy" "Cleffa"
## [123] "Cloyster" "Cobalion"
## [125] "Cofagrigus" "Combee"
## [127] "Combusken" "Conkeldurr"
## [129] "Corphish" "Corsola"
## [131] "Cottonee" "Cradily"
## [133] "Cranidos" "Crawdaunt"
## [135] "Cresselia" "Croagunk"
## [137] "Crobat" "Croconaw"
## [139] "Crustle" "Cryogonal"
## [141] "Cubchoo" "Cubone"
## [143] "Cyndaquil" "Darkrai"
## [145] "DarmanitanStandard Mode" "DarmanitanZen Mode"
## [147] "Darumaka" "Dedenne"
## [149] "Deerling" "Deino"
## [151] "Delcatty" "Delibird"
## [153] "Delphox" "DeoxysAttack Forme"
## [155] "DeoxysDefense Forme" "DeoxysNormal Forme"
## [157] "DeoxysSpeed Forme" "Dewgong"
## [159] "Dewott" "Dialga"
## [161] "Diancie" "DiancieMega Diancie"
## [163] "Diggersby" "Diglett"
## [165] "Ditto" "Dodrio"
## [167] "Doduo" "Donphan"
## [169] "Doublade" "Dragalge"
## [171] "Dragonair" "Dragonite"
## [173] "Drapion" "Dratini"
## [175] "Drifblim" "Drifloon"
## [177] "Drilbur" "Drowzee"
## [179] "Druddigon" "Ducklett"
## [181] "Dugtrio" "Dunsparce"
## [183] "Duosion" "Durant"
## [185] "Dusclops" "Dusknoir"
## [187] "Duskull" "Dustox"
## [189] "Dwebble" "Eelektrik"
## [191] "Eelektross" "Eevee"
## [193] "Ekans" "Electabuzz"
## [195] "Electivire" "Electrike"
## [197] "Electrode" "Elekid"
## [199] "Elgyem" "Emboar"
## [201] "Emolga" "Empoleon"
## [203] "Entei" "Escavalier"
## [205] "Espeon" "Espurr"
## [207] "Excadrill" "Exeggcute"
## [209] "Exeggutor" "Exploud"
## [211] "Farfetch'd" "Fearow"
## [213] "Feebas" "Fennekin"
## [215] "Feraligatr" "Ferroseed"
## [217] "Ferrothorn" "Finneon"
## [219] "Flaaffy" "Flabébé"
## [221] "Flareon" "Fletchinder"
## [223] "Fletchling" "Floatzel"
## [225] "Floette" "Florges"
## [227] "Flygon" "Foongus"
## [229] "Forretress" "Fraxure"
## [231] "Frillish" "Froakie"
## [233] "Frogadier" "Froslass"
## [235] "Furfrou" "Furret"
## [237] "Gabite" "Gallade"
## [239] "GalladeMega Gallade" "Galvantula"
## [241] "Garbodor" "Garchomp"
## [243] "GarchompMega Garchomp" "Gardevoir"
## [245] "GardevoirMega Gardevoir" "Gastly"
## [247] "Gastrodon" "Genesect"
## [249] "Gengar" "GengarMega Gengar"
## [251] "Geodude" "Gible"
## [253] "Gigalith" "Girafarig"
## [255] "GiratinaAltered Forme" "GiratinaOrigin Forme"
## [257] "Glaceon" "Glalie"
## [259] "GlalieMega Glalie" "Glameow"
## [261] "Gligar" "Gliscor"
## [263] "Gloom" "Gogoat"
## [265] "Golbat" "Goldeen"
## [267] "Golduck" "Golem"
## [269] "Golett" "Golurk"
## [271] "Goodra" "Goomy"
## [273] "Gorebyss" "Gothita"
## [275] "Gothitelle" "Gothorita"
## [277] "GourgeistAverage Size" "GourgeistLarge Size"
## [279] "GourgeistSmall Size" "GourgeistSuper Size"
## [281] "Granbull" "Graveler"
## [283] "Greninja" "Grimer"
## [285] "Grotle" "Groudon"
## [287] "GroudonPrimal Groudon" "Grovyle"
## [289] "Growlithe" "Grumpig"
## [291] "Gulpin" "Gurdurr"
## [293] "Gyarados" "GyaradosMega Gyarados"
## [295] "Happiny" "Hariyama"
## [297] "Haunter" "Hawlucha"
## [299] "Haxorus" "Heatmor"
## [301] "Heatran" "Heliolisk"
## [303] "Helioptile" "Heracross"
## [305] "HeracrossMega Heracross" "Herdier"
## [307] "Hippopotas" "Hippowdon"
## [309] "Hitmonchan" "Hitmonlee"
## [311] "Hitmontop" "Ho-oh"
## [313] "Honchkrow" "Honedge"
## [315] "HoopaHoopa Confined" "HoopaHoopa Unbound"
## [317] "Hoothoot" "Hoppip"
## [319] "Horsea" "Houndoom"
## [321] "HoundoomMega Houndoom" "Houndour"
## [323] "Huntail" "Hydreigon"
## [325] "Hypno" "Igglybuff"
## [327] "Illumise" "Infernape"
## [329] "Inkay" "Ivysaur"
## [331] "Jellicent" "Jigglypuff"
## [333] "Jirachi" "Jolteon"
## [335] "Joltik" "Jumpluff"
## [337] "Jynx" "Kabuto"
## [339] "Kabutops" "Kadabra"
## [341] "Kakuna" "Kangaskhan"
## [343] "KangaskhanMega Kangaskhan" "Karrablast"
## [345] "Kecleon" "KeldeoOrdinary Forme"
## [347] "KeldeoResolute Forme" "Kingdra"
## [349] "Kingler" "Kirlia"
## [351] "Klang" "Klefki"
## [353] "Klink" "Klinklang"
## [355] "Koffing" "Krabby"
## [357] "Kricketot" "Kricketune"
## [359] "Krokorok" "Krookodile"
## [361] "Kyogre" "KyogrePrimal Kyogre"
## [363] "Kyurem" "KyuremBlack Kyurem"
## [365] "KyuremWhite Kyurem" "Lairon"
## [367] "Lampent" "LandorusIncarnate Forme"
## [369] "LandorusTherian Forme" "Lanturn"
## [371] "Lapras" "Larvesta"
## [373] "Larvitar" "Latias"
## [375] "LatiasMega Latias" "Latios"
## [377] "LatiosMega Latios" "Leafeon"
## [379] "Leavanny" "Ledian"
## [381] "Ledyba" "Lickilicky"
## [383] "Lickitung" "Liepard"
## [385] "Lileep" "Lilligant"
## [387] "Lillipup" "Linoone"
## [389] "Litleo" "Litwick"
## [391] "Lombre" "Lopunny"
## [393] "LopunnyMega Lopunny" "Lotad"
## [395] "Loudred" "Lucario"
## [397] "LucarioMega Lucario" "Ludicolo"
## [399] "Lugia" "Lumineon"
## [401] "Lunatone" "Luvdisc"
## [403] "Luxio" "Luxray"
## [405] "Machamp" "Machoke"
## [407] "Machop" "Magby"
## [409] "Magcargo" "Magikarp"
## [411] "Magmar" "Magmortar"
## [413] "Magnemite" "Magneton"
## [415] "Magnezone" "Makuhita"
## [417] "Malamar" "Mamoswine"
## [419] "Manaphy" "Mandibuzz"
## [421] "Manectric" "ManectricMega Manectric"
## [423] "Mankey" "Mantine"
## [425] "Mantyke" "Maractus"
## [427] "Mareep" "Marill"
## [429] "Marowak" "Marshtomp"
## [431] "Masquerain" "Mawile"
## [433] "MawileMega Mawile" "Medicham"
## [435] "MedichamMega Medicham" "Meditite"
## [437] "Meganium" "MeloettaAria Forme"
## [439] "MeloettaPirouette Forme" "MeowsticFemale"
## [441] "MeowsticMale" "Meowth"
## [443] "Mesprit" "Metagross"
## [445] "MetagrossMega Metagross" "Metang"
## [447] "Metapod" "Mew"
## [449] "Mewtwo" "MewtwoMega Mewtwo X"
## [451] "MewtwoMega Mewtwo Y" "Mienfoo"
## [453] "Mienshao" "Mightyena"
## [455] "Milotic" "Miltank"
## [457] "Mime Jr." "Minccino"
## [459] "Minun" "Misdreavus"
## [461] "Mismagius" "Moltres"
## [463] "Monferno" "Mothim"
## [465] "Mr. Mime" "Mudkip"
## [467] "Muk" "Munchlax"
## [469] "Munna" "Murkrow"
## [471] "Musharna" "Natu"
## [473] "Nidoking" "Nidoqueen"
## [475] "Nidoranâ<U+0099><U+0082>" "Nidoranâ<U+0099><U+0080>"
## [477] "Nidorina" "Nidorino"
## [479] "Nincada" "Ninetales"
## [481] "Ninjask" "Noctowl"
## [483] "Noibat" "Noivern"
## [485] "Nosepass" "Numel"
## [487] "Nuzleaf" "Octillery"
## [489] "Oddish" "Omanyte"
## [491] "Omastar" "Onix"
## [493] "Oshawott" "Pachirisu"
## [495] "Palkia" "Palpitoad"
## [497] "Pancham" "Pangoro"
## [499] "Panpour" "Pansage"
## [501] "Pansear" "Paras"
## [503] "Parasect" "Patrat"
## [505] "Pawniard" "Pelipper"
## [507] "Persian" "Petilil"
## [509] "Phanpy" "Phantump"
## [511] "Phione" "Pichu"
## [513] "Pidgeot" "PidgeotMega Pidgeot"
## [515] "Pidgeotto" "Pidgey"
## [517] "Pidove" "Pignite"
## [519] "Pikachu" "Piloswine"
## [521] "Pineco" "Pinsir"
## [523] "PinsirMega Pinsir" "Piplup"
## [525] "Plusle" "Politoed"
## [527] "Poliwag" "Poliwhirl"
## [529] "Poliwrath" "Ponyta"
## [531] "Poochyena" "Porygon"
## [533] "Porygon-Z" "Porygon2"
## [535] "Primeape" "Prinplup"
## [537] "Probopass" "Psyduck"
## [539] "PumpkabooAverage Size" "PumpkabooLarge Size"
## [541] "PumpkabooSmall Size" "PumpkabooSuper Size"
## [543] "Pupitar" "Purrloin"
## [545] "Purugly" "Pyroar"
## [547] "Quagsire" "Quilava"
## [549] "Quilladin" "Qwilfish"
## [551] "Raichu" "Raikou"
## [553] "Ralts" "Rampardos"
## [555] "Rapidash" "Raticate"
## [557] "Rattata" "Rayquaza"
## [559] "RayquazaMega Rayquaza" "Regice"
## [561] "Regigigas" "Regirock"
## [563] "Registeel" "Relicanth"
## [565] "Remoraid" "Reshiram"
## [567] "Reuniclus" "Rhydon"
## [569] "Rhyhorn" "Rhyperior"
## [571] "Riolu" "Roggenrola"
## [573] "Roselia" "Roserade"
## [575] "Rotom" "RotomFan Rotom"
## [577] "RotomFrost Rotom" "RotomHeat Rotom"
## [579] "RotomMow Rotom" "RotomWash Rotom"
## [581] "Rufflet" "Sableye"
## [583] "SableyeMega Sableye" "Salamence"
## [585] "SalamenceMega Salamence" "Samurott"
## [587] "Sandile" "Sandshrew"
## [589] "Sandslash" "Sawk"
## [591] "Sawsbuck" "Scatterbug"
## [593] "Sceptile" "SceptileMega Sceptile"
## [595] "Scizor" "ScizorMega Scizor"
## [597] "Scolipede" "Scrafty"
## [599] "Scraggy" "Scyther"
## [601] "Seadra" "Seaking"
## [603] "Sealeo" "Seedot"
## [605] "Seel" "Seismitoad"
## [607] "Sentret" "Serperior"
## [609] "Servine" "Seviper"
## [611] "Sewaddle" "Sharpedo"
## [613] "SharpedoMega Sharpedo" "ShayminLand Forme"
## [615] "ShayminSky Forme" "Shedinja"
## [617] "Shelgon" "Shellder"
## [619] "Shellos" "Shelmet"
## [621] "Shieldon" "Shiftry"
## [623] "Shinx" "Shroomish"
## [625] "Shuckle" "Shuppet"
## [627] "Sigilyph" "Silcoon"
## [629] "Simipour" "Simisage"
## [631] "Simisear" "Skarmory"
## [633] "Skiddo" "Skiploom"
## [635] "Skitty" "Skorupi"
## [637] "Skrelp" "Skuntank"
## [639] "Slaking" "Slakoth"
## [641] "Sliggoo" "Slowbro"
## [643] "SlowbroMega Slowbro" "Slowking"
## [645] "Slowpoke" "Slugma"
## [647] "Slurpuff" "Smeargle"
## [649] "Smoochum" "Sneasel"
## [651] "Snivy" "Snorlax"
## [653] "Snorunt" "Snover"
## [655] "Snubbull" "Solosis"
## [657] "Solrock" "Spearow"
## [659] "Spewpa" "Spheal"
## [661] "Spinarak" "Spinda"
## [663] "Spiritomb" "Spoink"
## [665] "Spritzee" "Squirtle"
## [667] "Stantler" "Staraptor"
## [669] "Staravia" "Starly"
## [671] "Starmie" "Staryu"
## [673] "Steelix" "SteelixMega Steelix"
## [675] "Stoutland" "Stunfisk"
## [677] "Stunky" "Sudowoodo"
## [679] "Suicune" "Sunflora"
## [681] "Sunkern" "Surskit"
## [683] "Swablu" "Swadloon"
## [685] "Swalot" "Swampert"
## [687] "SwampertMega Swampert" "Swanna"
## [689] "Swellow" "Swinub"
## [691] "Swirlix" "Swoobat"
## [693] "Sylveon" "Taillow"
## [695] "Talonflame" "Tangela"
## [697] "Tangrowth" "Tauros"
## [699] "Teddiursa" "Tentacool"
## [701] "Tentacruel" "Tepig"
## [703] "Terrakion" "Throh"
## [705] "ThundurusIncarnate Forme" "ThundurusTherian Forme"
## [707] "Timburr" "Tirtouga"
## [709] "Togekiss" "Togepi"
## [711] "Togetic" "Torchic"
## [713] "Torkoal" "TornadusIncarnate Forme"
## [715] "TornadusTherian Forme" "Torterra"
## [717] "Totodile" "Toxicroak"
## [719] "Tranquill" "Trapinch"
## [721] "Treecko" "Trevenant"
## [723] "Tropius" "Trubbish"
## [725] "Turtwig" "Tympole"
## [727] "Tynamo" "Typhlosion"
## [729] "Tyranitar" "TyranitarMega Tyranitar"
## [731] "Tyrantrum" "Tyrogue"
## [733] "Tyrunt" "Umbreon"
## [735] "Unfezant" "Unown"
## [737] "Ursaring" "Uxie"
## [739] "Vanillish" "Vanillite"
## [741] "Vanilluxe" "Vaporeon"
## [743] "Venipede" "Venomoth"
## [745] "Venonat" "Venusaur"
## [747] "VenusaurMega Venusaur" "Vespiquen"
## [749] "Vibrava" "Victini"
## [751] "Victreebel" "Vigoroth"
## [753] "Vileplume" "Virizion"
## [755] "Vivillon" "Volbeat"
## [757] "Volcanion" "Volcarona"
## [759] "Voltorb" "Vullaby"
## [761] "Vulpix" "Wailmer"
## [763] "Wailord" "Walrein"
## [765] "Wartortle" "Watchog"
## [767] "Weavile" "Weedle"
## [769] "Weepinbell" "Weezing"
## [771] "Whimsicott" "Whirlipede"
## [773] "Whiscash" "Whismur"
## [775] "Wigglytuff" "Wingull"
## [777] "Wobbuffet" "Woobat"
## [779] "Wooper" "WormadamPlant Cloak"
## [781] "WormadamSandy Cloak" "WormadamTrash Cloak"
## [783] "Wurmple" "Wynaut"
## [785] "Xatu" "Xerneas"
## [787] "Yamask" "Yanma"
## [789] "Yanmega" "Yveltal"
## [791] "Zangoose" "Zapdos"
## [793] "Zebstrika" "Zekrom"
## [795] "Zigzagoon" "Zoroark"
## [797] "Zorua" "Zubat"
## [799] "Zweilous" "Zygarde50% Forme"levels(pokemon$Legendary)## [1] "False" "True"Reminder: we convert variables to factor using as.factor()