Titanic Analysis

Background

The sinking of the RMS Titanic occurred on the night of 14 April through to the morning of 15 April 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four days into the ship’s maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. The largest passenger liner in service at the time, Titanic had an estimated 2,224 people on board when she struck an iceberg at around 23:40 (ship’s time) on Sunday, 14 April 1912. Her sinking two hours and forty minutes later at 02:20 (05:18 GMT) on Monday, 15 April resulted in the deaths of more than 1,500 people, which made it one of the deadliest peacetime maritime disasters in history.

Reading and Summary

setwd("C:/Users/Shreyas Jadhav/Downloads")  
titanic <- read.csv(paste("Titanic Data.csv",sep="."))
View(titanic)
summary(titanic)

##     Survived          Pclass          Sex           Age       
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :1.000   female:312   Min.   : 0.40  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:2.000   male  :577   1st Qu.:22.00  
##  Median :0.0000   Median :3.000                Median :29.70  
##  Mean   :0.3825   Mean   :2.312                Mean   :29.65  
##  3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:3.000                3rd Qu.:35.00  
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :3.000                Max.   :80.00  
##      SibSp            Parch             Fare         Embarked
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :  0.000   C:168   
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:  7.896   Q: 77   
##  Median :0.0000   Median :0.0000   Median : 14.454   S:644   
##  Mean   :0.5242   Mean   :0.3825   Mean   : 32.097           
##  3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.: 31.000           
##  Max.   :8.0000   Max.   :6.0000   Max.   :512.329

Analysis

(3a)The total number of passengers on board the Titanic

dim(titanic)

## [1] 889   8

Therefore, there were 889 passengers on board.

(3b)The number of passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

table(titanic$Survived==1)

## 
## FALSE  TRUE 
##   549   340

Therefore, 340 passengers survived the sinking of the titanic.

(3c)The percentage of passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

mytable <- with(titanic, table(Survived))
prop.table(mytable)*100

## Survived
##        0        1 
## 61.75478 38.24522

Therefore, 38.24522% of the passengers survived.

(3d)The number of first-class passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

mytable1 <- xtabs(~ Pclass + Survived,data=titanic)
mytable1

##       Survived
## Pclass   0   1
##      1  80 134
##      2  97  87
##      3 372 119

Therefore, 134 first class passengers survived.

(3e)The percentage of first-class passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

prop.table(mytable1,1)*100

##       Survived
## Pclass        0        1
##      1 37.38318 62.61682
##      2 52.71739 47.28261
##      3 75.76375 24.23625

Therefore, 62.61682% of first class passengers survived.

(3f)The number of females from First-Class who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

mytable2 <- xtabs(~ Sex + Survived + Pclass,data=titanic)
ftable(mytable2)

##                 Pclass   1   2   3
## Sex    Survived                   
## female 0                 3   6  72
##        1                89  70  72
## male   0                77  91 300
##        1                45  17  47

Therefore, 89 first class female passengers survived.

(3g)The percentage of survivors who were female.

mytable2<-xtabs(~ Survived + Sex,data=titanic)
prop.table(mytable2,1)*100

##         Sex
## Survived   female     male
##        0 14.75410 85.24590
##        1 67.94118 32.05882

Therefore, 67.94118% of survivors were female.

(3h)The percentage of females on board the Titanic who survived.

prop.table(mytable2,2)*100

##         Sex
## Survived   female     male
##        0 25.96154 81.10919
##        1 74.03846 18.89081

Therefore, 74.03846% of female passengers survived.

(3i)Pearson’s Chi-squared test to test the following hypothesis:

The proportion of females onboard who survived the sinking of the Titanic was higher than the proportion of males onboard who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

chisq.test(mytable2)

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  mytable2
## X-squared = 258.43, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16

Therefore value of p is < 2.2e-16 i.e p < 0.05.