Below R Markdown contains various tasks pertaining the Titanic Case Study.

library(vcd)
## Loading required package: grid
Titanic <- read.csv(paste("Titanic.csv",sep = ""))
View(Titanic)

Basically the categorical data file (Titanic.csv), contains various categorical variables. (i.e, Survived, Pclass, Sex, Age, SibSp, Parch, Fare and Embarked.). It broadly uncovers the survival number of people in the tragedy.

And the analysis of Titanic Case Study goes as follows:

TASK 3a

Use R to count the total number of passengers on board the Titanic.

library(psych)
describe(Titanic)
##           vars   n  mean    sd median trimmed   mad min    max  range
## Survived     1 889  0.38  0.49   0.00    0.35  0.00 0.0   1.00   1.00
## Pclass       2 889  2.31  0.83   3.00    2.39  0.00 1.0   3.00   2.00
## Sex*         3 889  1.65  0.48   2.00    1.69  0.00 1.0   2.00   1.00
## Age          4 889 29.65 12.97  29.70   29.22  9.34 0.4  80.00  79.60
## SibSp        5 889  0.52  1.10   0.00    0.27  0.00 0.0   8.00   8.00
## Parch        6 889  0.38  0.81   0.00    0.19  0.00 0.0   6.00   6.00
## Fare         7 889 32.10 49.70  14.45   21.28 10.24 0.0 512.33 512.33
## Embarked*    8 889  2.54  0.79   3.00    2.67  0.00 1.0   3.00   2.00
##            skew kurtosis   se
## Survived   0.48    -1.77 0.02
## Pclass    -0.63    -1.27 0.03
## Sex*      -0.62    -1.61 0.02
## Age        0.43     0.96 0.43
## SibSp      3.68    17.69 0.04
## Parch      2.74     9.66 0.03
## Fare       4.79    33.23 1.67
## Embarked* -1.26    -0.23 0.03

Total Passengers : 889

TASK 3b

Use R to count the number of passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

table(Titanic$Survived)
## 
##   0   1 
## 549 340

Passengers Survived = 340

TASK 3c

Use R to measure the percentage of passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

SurvivedTable <- xtabs(~Survived,data=Titanic)
prop.table(SurvivedTable)*100
## Survived
##        0        1 
## 61.75478 38.24522

% of passengers survived = 38.24

TASK 3d

Use R to count the number of first-class passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

F_classSurvived <- xtabs(~Pclass+Survived, data=Titanic)
addmargins(F_classSurvived)
##       Survived
## Pclass   0   1 Sum
##    1    80 134 214
##    2    97  87 184
##    3   372 119 491
##    Sum 549 340 889

F_ClassSurvided: 134

TASK 3e

Use R to measure the percentage of first-class passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

addmargins(prop.table(F_classSurvived)*100)
##       Survived
## Pclass          0          1        Sum
##    1     8.998875  15.073116  24.071991
##    2    10.911136   9.786277  20.697413
##    3    41.844769  13.385827  55.230596
##    Sum  61.754781  38.245219 100.000000

% of F_ClassSurvived = 15.07

TASK 3f

Use R to count the number of females from First-Class who survived the sinking of the Titanic

F_FC_Survived <- xtabs(~Sex+Pclass+Survived, data=Titanic)
addmargins(F_FC_Survived)
## , , Survived = 0
## 
##         Pclass
## Sex        1   2   3 Sum
##   female   3   6  72  81
##   male    77  91 300 468
##   Sum     80  97 372 549
## 
## , , Survived = 1
## 
##         Pclass
## Sex        1   2   3 Sum
##   female  89  70  72 231
##   male    45  17  47 109
##   Sum    134  87 119 340
## 
## , , Survived = Sum
## 
##         Pclass
## Sex        1   2   3 Sum
##   female  92  76 144 312
##   male   122 108 347 577
##   Sum    214 184 491 889

First Class Females Survivors = 89

TASK 3g

Use R to measure the percentage of survivors who were female

F_Survivors <- xtabs(~Survived+Sex, data = Titanic)
prop.table(F_Survivors)*100
##         Sex
## Survived    female      male
##        0  9.111361 52.643420
##        1 25.984252 12.260967

Percentage of Female Survivors : 25.98

TASK 3h

Use R to measure the percentage of females on board the Titanic who survived

mytable <- xtabs(~Sex+Survived, data=Titanic)
ftable(mytable)
##        Survived   0   1
## Sex                    
## female           81 231
## male            468 109
margin.table(mytable,1)
## Sex
## female   male 
##    312    577
table((231/312)*100)
## 
## 74.0384615384615 
##                1

Percentage of Female Survivors : 74.03

TASK 3i

Run a Pearson’s Chi-squared test to test the following hypothesis:

Hypothesis: The proportion of females onboard who survived the sinking of the Titanic was higher than the proportion of males onboard who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

chisq.test(mytable)
## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  mytable
## X-squared = 258.43, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16

And from the Chi Square Test, we can conclude by rejecting the Null Hypothesis, as the probablity tends to be less than 0.05 (i.e, P<<0.05).