File “TitanicData.csv” contains the Data of onboard passengers in Titanic accident. Storing the file in a dataframe –

titanic.df <- read.csv(paste("TitanicData.csv", sep=""))

Viewing and Summarizing Dataframe

##View(titanic.df)
##library(psych)
##describe(titanic.df)

Total number of Passengers onboard the titanic

dim(titanic.df)
## [1] 889   8

Total 889 passengers onboard the titanic

Passengers who survived the sinking of titanic

table(titanic.df$Survived)
## 
##   0   1 
## 549 340

340 passengers survived the sinking of titanic

In percentages–

prop.table(table(titanic.df$Survived))*100
## 
##        0        1 
## 61.75478 38.24522

38.24522 % passengers survived the sinking of Titanic

Total number of first-class passengers who survived the sinking of the Titanic

mytable <- xtabs(~ Survived+Pclass,data=titanic.df)
mytable
##         Pclass
## Survived   1   2   3
##        0  80  97 372
##        1 134  87 119

134 first-class passengers survived the sinking of the Titanic

In percentages–

prop.table(mytable,2)*100
##         Pclass
## Survived        1        2        3
##        0 37.38318 52.71739 75.76375
##        1 62.61682 47.28261 24.23625

Thus 62.61682 % of first-class passengers survived the sinking of titanic

Total number of females from First-Class who survived the sinking of the Titanic

ftable(xtabs(~ Survived+Pclass+Sex,data=titanic.df))
##                 Sex female male
## Survived Pclass                
## 0        1               3   77
##          2               6   91
##          3              72  300
## 1        1              89   45
##          2              70   17
##          3              72   47

89 females from First-Class survived the sinking of the Titanic

Percentage of Survivors who were female

mytable <- xtabs(~ Survived+Sex,data=titanic.df)
addmargins(prop.table(mytable,1)*100,2)
##         Sex
## Survived    female      male       Sum
##        0  14.75410  85.24590 100.00000
##        1  67.94118  32.05882 100.00000

67.94118 % of survivors are female

Percentage of females on board the Titanic who survived

addmargins(prop.table(mytable,2)*100,1)
##         Sex
## Survived    female      male
##      0    25.96154  81.10919
##      1    74.03846  18.89081
##      Sum 100.00000 100.00000

74.03846 % of females survived the sinking of titanic

Pearson’s Chi-squared test for the following hypothesis:

Hypothesis: The proportion of females onboard who survived the sinking of the Titanic was higher than the proportion of males onboard who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

chisq.test(mytable)
## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  mytable
## X-squared = 258.43, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16

Since the p-value < 0.01 we can reject the null hypothesis that Sex of the passengers is independent of those who survived the sinking of titanic. Thus our hypothesis was correct i.e. there is a strong relationship between the gender of the passenger and its chance of survival.