The Sinking of The Titanic

This is a statistical report on the sinking of the RMS Titanic, on 12 April 1912. For more information, please visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Titanic.

Data set used is as follows:

setwd("C:\\Users\\Tejajay\\Desktop\\Internship\\3. Data Analytics")
titanic <- read.csv(paste("TitanicData.csv", sep=""))

The number of passengers that travelled on the Titanic:

length(titanic$Survived)
## [1] 889

Number of survivors on the Titanic:

mytable <- with(titanic, table(Survived))
View(mytable)

Percentage of survivors:

mytable <- with(titanic, table(Survived))
prop.table(mytable)*100
## Survived
##        0        1 
## 61.75478 38.24522

Number of survivors by class:

mytable <- xtabs(~ Survived+Pclass, data=titanic)
View(mytable)

Percentage of survivors by class:

mytable <- xtabs(~ Survived+Pclass, data=titanic)
prop.table(mytable, 1)*100
##         Pclass
## Survived        1        2        3
##        0 14.57195 17.66849 67.75956
##        1 39.41176 25.58824 35.00000

Percentage of female survivors:

mytable <- xtabs(~ Survived+Sex, data=titanic) 
prop.table(mytable, 1)*100
##         Sex
## Survived   female     male
##        0 14.75410 85.24590
##        1 67.94118 32.05882

Number of 1st class female survivors:

mytable <- xtabs(~ Survived+Pclass+Sex, data = titanic) 
ftable(mytable)
##                 Sex female male
## Survived Pclass                
## 0        1               3   77
##          2               6   91
##          3              72  300
## 1        1              89   45
##          2              70   17
##          3              72   47

Percentage of females who survived:

mytable <- xtabs(~ Sex+Survived, data=titanic)
prop.table(mytable, 1)*100
##         Survived
## Sex             0        1
##   female 25.96154 74.03846
##   male   81.10919 18.89081

Pearson’s Chi-Squared Test:

chisq.test(mytable)
## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  mytable
## X-squared = 258.43, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16

The null-hypothesis made during the Pearson’s Chi-Squared test is that there is no difference between number of females and males surviving the sinking of the RMS Titanic. During the test, however, we obtain a p-value of 2.2e-16, which is extremely low. This means that we reject the null hypothesis. Thus, there is a relationship/dependence between the number of surviving males and females. From the above tables, we can see clearly that a much larger proportion of females survived the sinking, as compared to men.