H0:mu = 32 ounces H1:mu < 32 ounces
If I believe that a jar of peanut butter contains mu < 32 ounces when in fact the jars are not being underfilled and contains at least 32 ounces. I reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
If I do not reject the null hypothesis that mu = 32 ounces when in fact the peanut butter manufacturer is shortening customers and mu is < 32 ounces (the alternative hypothesis is true)
H0: Sigma = 0.7 psi. H1: Sigma < 0.7 psi.
If I believe that the standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is s < 0.7 psi when in fact the pressure variability has not been reduced. I reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
If I do not reject the null hypothesis that s = 0.7 psi when in fact the pressure variability has been reduced and is s < 0.7 psi (the alternative hypothesis is true).
H0:mu = 54 quarts H1:mu > 54 quarts
There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean consumption of popcorn annually by Americans is more than 54 quarts thus the campaign was a success.
A type I error has been made. The probability of making a type I error is less than or equal to a=0.05
H0: p = 2.8% H1: p > 2.8%
There is not sufficient evidence to say that the proportion of the use of e-cigs at the counselor school is higher than 2.8%
Type II error