Assignment 4
John Ross
November 18, 2017
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## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionMarijuana Versus Alcohol
Ever since the 1936 movie Reefer Madness was released, public opinion on marijuana has been mostly negative. This negative propaganda towards marijuana users portrayed users in the same light as murderers, psychopaths, and other serious criminals. For decades, there has been a negative stigma towards marijuana. In comparison, alcohol is generally widely accepted despite its health consequences and impact on human behavior. Due to the widely different opinions on each, I decided to take a look into the Twitter world and evaluate public opinion on both alcohol and marijuana.
## [1] "Using direct authentication"A Sampling of Tweets
Marijuana Tweets
Taking a look into tweets on marijuana, there are tweets trying to market paraphenalia which would be expected. Seeing as marijuana has been somewhat of a hot topic in the media, there are also tweets pertaining to the many arguements in today’s society such as medical versus recreational.
## text
## 1 RT @ancientorigins: High Times in #Ancient #China: 2,700-Year-Old #Marijuana Stash Found in Shaman Grave - https://t.co/kydiJmw8sy #weed #h<U+0085>
## 2 $5.5 million study to probe impact of #marijuana legalization on use, behavior, mental health<U+0085> https://t.co/LyaaC0Npzu
## 3 RT @WeedCode: <ed><U+00A0><U+00BD><ed><U+00B4><U+00A5>BONG #GIVEAWAY!<ed><U+00A0><U+00BD><ed><U+00B4><U+00A5>\n<ed><U+00A0><U+00BC><ed><U+00BE><U+0089> #Follow @GreenMed_Team AND #Retweet this post For a chance to #win! #Marijuana #Cannabis #Free #Bong http<U+0085>
## 4 It pays to be a scientist in the #marijuana industry \n\nhttps://t.co/cXOgaeEiIZ https://t.co/hA28PeNN6k
## 5 RT @SardonicSilly: Everything you need to know about the new #Marijuana Law in #California https://t.co/s6vUhAqSbH \n\n#CannabisCommunity #m<U+0085>
## 6 @Nationwide <U+0093>their insurance company sent them a policy notification letter almost three weeks after the incident c<U+0085> https://t.co/x17bV96glM
## favorited favoriteCount replyToSN created truncated
## 1 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:24:52 FALSE
## 2 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:24:11 TRUE
## 3 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:23:53 FALSE
## 4 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:23:22 FALSE
## 5 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:23:19 FALSE
## 6 FALSE 0 grap3 2017-11-19 02:22:31 TRUE
## replyToSID id replyToUID statusSource
## 1 <NA> 932072150730727424 <NA> Twitter for Android
## 2 <NA> 932071978143449088 <NA> SocialOomph
## 3 <NA> 932071902025170944 <NA> Twitter for iPhone
## 4 <NA> 932071774166056961 <NA> SocialOomph
## 5 <NA> 932071759804637185 <NA> Twitter Lite
## 6 932071165509623808 932071557433761798 14875330 Twitter for iPhone
## screenName retweetCount isRetweet retweeted longitude latitude
## 1 BBFient 11 TRUE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 2 MME_MEMPHIS 0 FALSE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 3 fajardoromano 462 TRUE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 4 MME_JACKSONVILL 0 FALSE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 5 maeaswell 1 TRUE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 6 grap3 0 FALSE FALSE <NA> <NA>Alcohol Tweets
A large number of alcohol tweets pertain to abuse and getting help. This may speak to the addictive nature of alcohol. Also as expected, there are tweets advertising bars, drinks and clubs as alcohol and a night out do seem to go hand in hand.
## text
## 1 RT @IamUnknownFact: RT\n#Alcohol Deaths <ed><U+00A0><U+00BE><ed><U+00B4><U+0094><ed><U+00A0><U+00BD><ed><U+00B8><U+00B1>\n\n#alcoholic #global #death #wine #interesting #unbelievable #unknown #facts #didyouknow #IAmUnkno<U+0085>
## 2 RT @henry00114: #Islam is a ideology #The paradise of the Muslims is a adultery place #Alcohol #72 virgins #Think everyone #Allah is a Sata<U+0085>
## 3 RT @PulpNews: #Alcohol #death rates soar among #Baby Boomers - Nov 7 @ 11:45 AM ET https://t.co/GpxiemewUY
## 4 RT @Salud_Ec: <ed><U+00A0><U+00BD><ed><U+00B4><U+00B4> [CUIDADO] Ante los casos registrados en #Quito por ingesta de #Alcohol metílico, @Salud_Ec comparte esta recomendación #Sin<U+0085>
## 5 Beer Shipped to Your Door - https://t.co/8Vpt71KDqC - #CraftBeer #Beer #Wine #Spirits #Alcohol #_S_J_K_ -<U+0085> https://t.co/k6DfHt8ckj
## 6 RT @Eagle_Bay: #Alcohol is the leading cause of #Injury & #Death, & responsible for more #HospitalAdmissions than #HeartAttacks\nhttps://t.c<U+0085>
## favorited favoriteCount replyToSN created truncated
## 1 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:26:00 FALSE
## 2 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:25:49 FALSE
## 3 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:24:46 FALSE
## 4 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:24:29 FALSE
## 5 FALSE 1 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:17:13 TRUE
## 6 FALSE 0 <NA> 2017-11-19 02:15:59 FALSE
## replyToSID id replyToUID statusSource
## 1 <NA> 932072436001992704 <NA> Twitter for iPhone
## 2 <NA> 932072388287545346 <NA> Twitter for Android
## 3 <NA> 932072127494176770 <NA> Twitter for iPhone
## 4 <NA> 932072055473831936 <NA> Twitter for Android
## 5 <NA> 932070225339650048 <NA> Twitter Web Client
## 6 <NA> 932069914872913920 <NA> Twitter for iPhone
## screenName retweetCount isRetweet retweeted longitude latitude
## 1 DesertHistorian 2 TRUE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 2 henry00114 53 TRUE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 3 DesertHistorian 1 TRUE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 4 LilianaGunsha88 44 TRUE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 5 ReginaKirby10 0 FALSE FALSE <NA> <NA>
## 6 DesertHistorian 1 TRUE FALSE <NA> <NA>User names
Marijuana Tweeters
It appears that alot of the high volume tweeters appear to be marketers for products such as cbd oils and seeds.
## Selecting by percent_of_tweets## # A tibble: 12 x 3
## screenName n percent_of_tweets
## <chr> <int> <dbl>
## 1 saveoncannabis 89 0.089
## 2 dotcomlandlords 26 0.026
## 3 ElixinolCbdOil 26 0.026
## 4 GSMChristian 22 0.022
## 5 cannabisresins 19 0.019
## 6 420weedin 17 0.017
## 7 the420wire 17 0.017
## 8 Marijuanatribes 13 0.013
## 9 StonerThingsCom 12 0.012
## 10 cannaseedsusa 10 0.010
## 11 GoodPeopleBurn2 10 0.010
## 12 jmacdonald002 10 0.010Alcohol Tweeters
Alcohol on the other hand seems to be more widely discussed amongst the general public as opposed to being material from marketers. As marijuana does not have an opportunity for a brick and mortar store on a recreational basis, twitter may actually be a strong platform for marijuana marketing.
## Selecting by percent_of_tweets## # A tibble: 16 x 3
## screenName n percent_of_tweets
## <chr> <int> <dbl>
## 1 tonysweet89 11 0.011
## 2 GT_Alcohol_SEMI 8 0.008
## 3 orgasmodiablo 7 0.007
## 4 pickyfork 7 0.007
## 5 addictioninfo6 6 0.006
## 6 ElenaPintor 6 0.006
## 7 FreshAirCode420 6 0.006
## 8 ImpressionsPast 6 0.006
## 9 msqrd2 6 0.006
## 10 BizFeedz 4 0.004
## 11 BlueHairedGalME 4 0.004
## 12 CarolynCain17 4 0.004
## 13 d3_plus 4 0.004
## 14 pjforguk 4 0.004
## 15 QLDCAA 4 0.004
## 16 ZuowenTang 4 0.004Most Common Words
Marijuana Words
Once again it seems that marketing is a very prevalent practice on twitter. In regards to common words, results include shipping and coupons. Interestingly enough, many of these common words do not seem to include consumption of marijuana. Words such as smoking or vaping are not listed.
## Selecting by n## # A tibble: 20 x 2
## word n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 #marijuana 825
## 2 #cannabis 465
## 3 rt 335
## 4 #weed 157
## 5 marijuana 112
## 6 cannabis 100
## 7 #coupon 90
## 8 medical 68
## 9 #mmj 66
## 10 shipping 66
## 11 #thc 60
## 12 code 54
## 13 https 54
## 14 worldwide 50
## 15 seeds 45
## 16 #vape 43
## 17 #cbd 41
## 18 #mme 41
## 19 #seeds 41
## 20 @themmexchange 39Alcohol Words
In direct contrast to the marijuana common words, alcohol words speak to the consumption of the product. Drinking, drunk, and most likely rt all speak to the social nature of alcohol use.
## Selecting by n## # A tibble: 20 x 2
## word n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 #alcohol 901
## 2 rt 533
## 3 de 192
## 4 drinking 176
## 5 beer 166
## 6 #drinking 164
## 7 #drunk 154
## 8 #daddy 143
## 9 #etoh 143
## 10 #marine 143
## 11 #military 143
## 12 #muscleman 143
## 13 buddy 143
## 14 #cut 142
## 15 @wrestlingmatch 142
## 16 el 113
## 17 en 82
## 18 la 65
## 19 #beer 57
## 20 alcohol 56Marijuana and Alcohol Sentiments
Sentiments of Marijuana
Many of the marijuana tweets seem to be mostly positive, with the list being very top heavy of positive comments. This could be due to the nature of marketing and marijuana on twitter.
## # A tibble: 10 x 2
## sentiment n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 positive 544
## 2 trust 412
## 3 anticipation 303
## 4 negative 219
## 5 fear 208
## 6 joy 159
## 7 anger 106
## 8 sadness 102
## 9 surprise 100
## 10 disgust 62Sentiments of Alcohol
Alcohol is also mostly positive, however there seems to be a larger variety of negative sentiment towards the opinion of alcohol. Tweets mentioning alcohol seem to be coming primarily from personal users of twitter. With words such as fear, trust, sadness, anger and discuss it seems that many people likely have also experienced the negative aspects of alcohol consumption.
## # A tibble: 10 x 2
## sentiment n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 positive 621
## 2 negative 539
## 3 joy 395
## 4 trust 303
## 5 anticipation 287
## 6 fear 191
## 7 sadness 152
## 8 disgust 143
## 9 anger 142
## 10 surprise 34A review of Positive Marijuana Sentiment Tweets
## # A tibble: 10 x 1
## text
## <chr>
## 1 RT @ancientorigins: High Times in #Ancient #China: 2,700-Year-Old #Marijuan
## 2 $5.5 million study to probe impact of #marijuana legalization on use, behav
## 3 "It pays to be a scientist in the #marijuana industry \n\nhttps://t.co/cXOg
## 4 RT @420weedin: Peru just legalized medical cannabis - how many other countr
## 5 10% off Cirrus LED Grow Lights! #COUPON CODE: CIR10 https://t.co/VYTRX5RTQF
## 6 Trusted #Canada #marijuana #seeds from all the major seed #breeders from ar
## 7 7 medical benefits of #marijuana https://t.co/ZuDAUyBcya
## 8 "#Cannabis is Canada<U+0092>s moment to lead the world \xed<U+00A0><U+00BC>\xed<U+00B7><U+00A8>\xed<U+00A0><U+00BC>\xed<U+00B7><U+00A6>\xe
## 9 "RT @dotcomlandlords: https://t.co/NcWnbNdY0Z\n#thc #please #cannabisdomain
## 10 RT @eviolabs: .@latimes: #California released rules that will govern the stA review of Positive Alcohol Sentiment Tweets
## # A tibble: 10 x 1
## text
## <chr>
## 1 Beer Shipped to Your Door - https://t.co/8Vpt71KDqC - #CraftBeer #Beer #Win
## 2 "RT @Eagle_Bay: #Alcohol is the leading cause of #Injury & #Death, &
## 3 Gotta love a fish bowl #fishbowl #alcohol https://t.co/VWfTlle9Jp
## 4 RT @COFEPRIS: #Mujer: Realízate mediciones de colesterol, triglicéridos y g
## 5 Study Finds #Alcohol 10 Times More #Deadly Than #Cannabis on the Road | Lea
## 6 IT is 'Not FUNNY!' When knowing that #DRUGS, #ALCOHOL, #AUTOMOBILES, #KNIVE
## 7 Sicilian Kiss: Amaretto and Southern Comfort. #bartending #alcohol #openbar
## 8 Beer Shipped to Your Door - https://t.co/auUlZKzs1f - #CraftBeer #Beer #Win
## 9 @paresbalta, votre rosé c'est du vrai jus wow! Merci, c'est excellent! #alc
## 10 2 of my favorite things!!!! @rockdvodka @ActOfDefiance1 #vodka #alcohol httA review of Negative Marijuana Sentiment Tweets
## # A tibble: 10 x 2
## text
## <chr>
## 1 "RT @dotcomlandlords: https://t.co/7O3suUi9Pd\n#weed #chics #blunts #mariju
## 2 "RT @dotcomlandlords: https://t.co/TkL8WyRGzy\n#marijuana #beer #goodtimes
## 3 "RT @dotcomlandlords: https://t.co/TkL8WyRGzy\n#marijuana #sports #bars #ho
## 4 NEW POST: Patients Beware: Phony Cash-Only Clinics Operating as 420 MD Unli
## 5 @TeresaMayNot @caitoz One of the reasons Nixon started #WarOnDrugs: those d
## 6 Anybody that constantly says #weed is bad but is silent on #alcohol... you<U+0092>
## 7 Former NBA player John Salley talks about Deuces, his new Los Angeles-based
## 8 "Sour Kosher \n.\n.\n.\n.\n.\n#smokesocial #420stops #weed #marijuana #pot
## 9 RT @CannabisBizPro: He should be forced to pay reparations to every person
## 10 RT @CannabisBizPro: He should be forced to pay reparations to every person
## # ... with 1 more variables: word <chr>A review of Negative Alcohol Sentiment Tweets
## # A tibble: 10 x 2
## text
## <chr>
## 1 RT @henry00114: #Islam is a ideology #The paradise of the Muslims is a adul
## 2 Anybody that constantly says #weed is bad but is silent on #alcohol... you<U+0092>
## 3 Don't Waste Calories at a Bar: 5 Low-Calorie Cocktails to Order at Happy Ho
## 4 "RT @SassyWyatt: Honest Grapes #Wine #Festival in #Soho \xed<U+00A0><U+00BE>\xed<U+00B5>\u008
## 5 "Honest Grapes #Wine #Festival in #Soho \xed<U+00A0><U+00BE>\xed<U+00B5>\u0082\xed<U+00A0><U+00BC>\xed<U+00BD><U+00B7>\nh
## 6 @ForneusLex #food #alcohol HOLY HECK THIS WAS SO GOOD (1/2; sake, yakitori.
## 7 @jorgeapudlues @JumboChile @rodrigosour Pero seguramente sin #Alcohol ... y
## 8 "Study Finds Alcohol 10 Times More Deadly Than Cannabis on the Road\nhttps:
## 9 How do you go one better than making a movie with John Malkovich that no-on
## 10 "@QandA @JacquiLambie She was full of personal hate for the poor,\n\n-She F
## # ... with 1 more variables: word <chr>A Graphical View of Sentiments
Conclusion
Looking at the graph, it is apparent that Marijuana is regarded in a more positive aspect than Alcohol is. This could possibly be attributed to the marekting platform that Twitter provides for marijuana. Many users seem to be selling paraphenalia and would likely want to reflect their product in a positive light. Interestingly these so called ‘Positive’ alcohol tweets contain many negative messages and speak to the dangers of excessive alcohol use. A strange paradox in the culture of marijuana and alcohol is that marijuana users typically view themselves in a ‘positive’ or ‘enlightened’ manner while many alcohol users portray their consumption as a vice that they cannot control. In conclusion it seems that the public opinion is swaying to a more favorible light for marijuana.