rm(list = ls())

#Data Input
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
mixed.ds <- read.csv("/Users/bijay/Google Drive/UMKC/Semester III/Myprep/CompustatData3.csv")
mixed.df <- mixed.ds %>%
  select(marketvalue, xrd, RecoverableSlack, fyear, gvkey) %>%
  na.omit()

head(mixed.df,3)
##   marketvalue xrd RecoverableSlack fyear gvkey
## 1      486.16   0             0.55  1999  1004
## 2      339.78   0             0.61  2000  1004
## 3      254.82   0             0.70  2001  1004
# Data
library(dplyr)
mixed.ds <- read.csv("/Users/bijay/Google Drive/UMKC/Semester III/Myprep/CompustatData3.csv")
mixed.df <- mixed.ds %>%
  select(marketvalue, xrd, RecoverableSlack, fyear, gvkey) %>%
  na.omit()

head(mixed.df,3)
##   marketvalue xrd RecoverableSlack fyear gvkey
## 1      486.16   0             0.55  1999  1004
## 2      339.78   0             0.61  2000  1004
## 3      254.82   0             0.70  2001  1004
#Models
library(plm)
## Loading required package: Formula
## 
## Attaching package: 'plm'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
## 
##     between, lag, lead
plm.df <- pdata.frame(mixed.df, index=c("fyear","gvkey"))
pooled.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd + RecoverableSlack, 
                    data = plm.df, model = "pooling")
random.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd + RecoverableSlack, 
                    data = plm.df, model = "random")
fixed.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd + RecoverableSlack, 
                   data = plm.df, model = "within")

#Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier TesT
plmtest(pooled.model, type=c("bp"))
## 
##  Lagrange Multiplier Test - (Breusch-Pagan) for unbalanced panels
## 
## data:  marketvalue ~ xrd + RecoverableSlack
## chisq = 38.089, df = 1, p-value = 6.761e-10
## alternative hypothesis: significant effects
#Hausman Test: Fixed vs Random Effects Model
phtest(fixed.model, random.model)
## 
##  Hausman Test
## 
## data:  marketvalue ~ xrd + RecoverableSlack
## chisq = 0.91722, df = 2, p-value = 0.6322
## alternative hypothesis: one model is inconsistent
#Data mutation for within and between effects
library(dplyr)
mixed.df <- mixed.df %>%
  group_by(gvkey) %>%
    mutate(xrd.between = mean(xrd),
           xrd.within = (xrd - xrd.between), 
           RecoverableSlack.between = mean(RecoverableSlack),
           RecoverableSlack.within = (RecoverableSlack - RecoverableSlack.between)) %>%
  mutate(myyear = factor(fyear))

#Hybrid Model:
hybrid.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd.between + xrd.within + RecoverableSlack.within + 
                      RecoverableSlack.between+ xrd.within*RecoverableSlack.within + 
                      xrd.between*RecoverableSlack.between + myyear, 
                    data = mixed.df, 
                    index = c("fyear", "gvkey"), model = "pooling")
summary(hybrid.model)
## Pooling Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = marketvalue ~ xrd.between + xrd.within + RecoverableSlack.within + 
##     RecoverableSlack.between + xrd.within * RecoverableSlack.within + 
##     xrd.between * RecoverableSlack.between + myyear, data = mixed.df, 
##     model = "pooling", index = c("fyear", "gvkey"))
## 
## Unbalanced Panel: n=12, T=1517-1947, N=21131
## 
## Residuals :
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median 3rd Qu.    Max. 
## -117000   -2430   -1480    -296  470000 
## 
## Coefficients :
##                                         Estimate  Std. Error  t-value
## (Intercept)                           4497.23116   384.45370  11.6977
## xrd.between                             53.04211     1.00423  52.8185
## xrd.within                              -0.16431     0.62745  -0.2619
## RecoverableSlack.within              -1294.42678   815.36395  -1.5875
## RecoverableSlack.between             -4234.33545   345.59793 -12.2522
## myyear2000                            -358.05519   478.37471  -0.7485
## myyear2001                            -760.73073   470.82244  -1.6157
## myyear2002                           -1624.94413   464.13308  -3.5010
## myyear2003                            -561.00177   460.35743  -1.2186
## myyear2004                            -358.78572   455.34034  -0.7880
## myyear2005                            -340.00899   451.83590  -0.7525
## myyear2006                             446.31493   453.76996   0.9836
## myyear2007                            1006.40981   458.50355   2.1950
## myyear2008                            -956.64819   461.71199  -2.0720
## myyear2009                             -23.79050   458.29910  -0.0519
## myyear2010                             689.82856   460.79342   1.4970
## xrd.within:RecoverableSlack.within      -2.88252     5.32093  -0.5417
## xrd.between:RecoverableSlack.between   -37.02883     1.52191 -24.3305
##                                       Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                          < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd.between                          < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd.within                           0.7934243    
## RecoverableSlack.within              0.1124043    
## RecoverableSlack.between             < 2.2e-16 ***
## myyear2000                           0.4541774    
## myyear2001                           0.1061636    
## myyear2002                           0.0004644 ***
## myyear2003                           0.2230012    
## myyear2004                           0.4307344    
## myyear2005                           0.4517555    
## myyear2006                           0.3253378    
## myyear2007                           0.0281753 *  
## myyear2008                           0.0382814 *  
## myyear2009                           0.9586006    
## myyear2010                           0.1343965    
## xrd.within:RecoverableSlack.within   0.5880081    
## xrd.between:RecoverableSlack.between < 2.2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    6.9216e+12
## Residual Sum of Squares: 3.6679e+12
## R-Squared:      0.47008
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.46966
## F-statistic: 1101.71 on 17 and 21113 DF, p-value: < 2.22e-16

Set 1:

rm(list = ls())

#Data Input
library(tidyverse)
## Loading tidyverse: ggplot2
## Loading tidyverse: tibble
## Loading tidyverse: tidyr
## Loading tidyverse: readr
## Loading tidyverse: purrr
## Conflicts with tidy packages ----------------------------------------------
## between(): dplyr, plm
## filter():  dplyr, stats
## lag():     dplyr, plm, stats
## lead():    dplyr, plm
mixed.ds <- read.csv("/Users/bijay/Google Drive/UMKC/Semester III/Myprep/CompustatData3.csv")
mixed.df <- mixed.ds %>%
  select(marketvalue, xrd, RecoverableSlack, fyear, gvkey,sic,ni,cogs,dv) %>%
  na.omit()
head(mixed.df,3)
##   marketvalue xrd RecoverableSlack fyear gvkey  sic     ni   cogs   dv
## 1      486.16   0             0.55  1999  1004 5080  35.16 833.11 9.22
## 2      339.78   0             0.61  2000  1004 5080  18.53 713.81 9.16
## 3      254.82   0             0.70  2001  1004 5080 -58.94 526.48 4.43
cor(mixed.df)
##                  marketvalue         xrd RecoverableSlack       fyear
## marketvalue       1.00000000  0.62895144     -0.045204476 0.011954071
## xrd               0.62895144  1.00000000      0.057634414 0.028075579
## RecoverableSlack -0.04520448  0.05763441      1.000000000 0.006827506
## fyear             0.01195407  0.02807558      0.006827506 1.000000000
## gvkey            -0.09832845 -0.07411870      0.120174563 0.298221168
## sic              -0.05232534 -0.05159672     -0.019148892 0.045528374
## ni                0.62904148  0.36558513     -0.047531381 0.045263333
## cogs              0.59176629  0.18107520     -0.147430128 0.049645996
## dv                0.73020388  0.52238925     -0.043475274 0.052021351
##                        gvkey         sic          ni        cogs
## marketvalue      -0.09832845 -0.05232534  0.62904148  0.59176629
## xrd              -0.07411870 -0.05159672  0.36558513  0.18107520
## RecoverableSlack  0.12017456 -0.01914889 -0.04753138 -0.14743013
## fyear             0.29822117  0.04552837  0.04526333  0.04964600
## gvkey             1.00000000  0.23277508 -0.06427451 -0.09743412
## sic               0.23277508  1.00000000 -0.04649330 -0.02527193
## ni               -0.06427451 -0.04649330  1.00000000  0.49270399
## cogs             -0.09743412 -0.02527193  0.49270399  1.00000000
## dv               -0.08871163 -0.07856319  0.60710022  0.52516878
##                           dv
## marketvalue       0.73020388
## xrd               0.52238925
## RecoverableSlack -0.04347527
## fyear             0.05202135
## gvkey            -0.08871163
## sic              -0.07856319
## ni                0.60710022
## cogs              0.52516878
## dv                1.00000000
plot(mixed.df$marketvalue, mixed.df$xrd,pch=16, 
     xlab="Average Market Value", 
     ylab="Research and Development Expenditure", 
     main="Scatterplot of market value and xrd")

Models

library(plm) plm.df <- pdata.frame(mixed.df, index=c(“fyear”,“gvkey”)) pooled.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd + RecoverableSlack, data = plm.df, model = “pooling”) random.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd + RecoverableSlack, data = plm.df, model = “random”) fixed.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd + RecoverableSlack, data = plm.df, model = “within”)

Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier TesT

plmtest(pooled.model, type=c(“bp”))

Hausman Test: Fixed vs Random Effects Model

phtest(fixed.model, random.model)

Data mutation for within and between effects

library(dplyr)
mixed.df <- mixed.df %>%
  group_by(gvkey) %>%
    mutate(xrd.between = mean(xrd),
           xrd.within = (xrd - xrd.between), 
           RecoverableSlack.between = mean(RecoverableSlack),
           RecoverableSlack.within = (RecoverableSlack - RecoverableSlack.between)) %>%
  mutate(myyear = factor(fyear), mysic = factor(sic))
#Hybrid Model:
hybrid.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd.between + xrd.within + RecoverableSlack.within + 
                      RecoverableSlack.between+ xrd.within*RecoverableSlack.within + 
                      xrd.between*RecoverableSlack.between + ni + cogs + dv + myyear + mysic , 
                    data = mixed.df, 
                    index = c("fyear", "gvkey"), model = "pooling")
summary(hybrid.model)
## Pooling Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = marketvalue ~ xrd.between + xrd.within + RecoverableSlack.within + 
##     RecoverableSlack.between + xrd.within * RecoverableSlack.within + 
##     xrd.between * RecoverableSlack.between + ni + cogs + dv + 
##     myyear + mysic, data = mixed.df, model = "pooling", index = c("fyear", 
##     "gvkey"))
## 
## Unbalanced Panel: n=12, T=1491-1935, N=20927
## 
## Residuals :
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median 3rd Qu.    Max. 
## -101000   -1240    -214     704  254000 
## 
## Coefficients :
##                                         Estimate  Std. Error  t-value
## (Intercept)                           6.4145e+02  9.9721e+02   0.6432
## xrd.between                           3.7651e+01  7.6029e-01  49.5221
## xrd.within                           -5.5039e+00  4.0100e-01 -13.7256
## RecoverableSlack.within              -5.8500e+02  5.1348e+02  -1.1393
## RecoverableSlack.between              3.5307e+02  3.1135e+02   1.1340
## ni                                    1.9225e+00  5.5062e-02  34.9155
## cogs                                  5.8654e-01  8.4531e-03  69.3874
## dv                                    1.1193e+01  2.5181e-01  44.4495
## myyear2000                           -4.7945e+02  3.0337e+02  -1.5804
## myyear2001                           -6.1749e+02  2.9888e+02  -2.0660
## myyear2002                           -1.4263e+03  2.9490e+02  -4.8365
## myyear2003                           -8.4283e+02  2.9272e+02  -2.8793
## myyear2004                           -8.7852e+02  2.8968e+02  -3.0328
## myyear2005                           -1.1561e+03  2.8741e+02  -4.0226
## myyear2006                           -8.0426e+02  2.8869e+02  -2.7859
## myyear2007                           -5.6502e+02  2.9172e+02  -1.9368
## myyear2008                           -2.5152e+03  2.9372e+02  -8.5634
## myyear2009                           -1.4430e+03  2.9189e+02  -4.9435
## myyear2010                           -1.0962e+03  2.9375e+02  -3.7316
## mysic3661                             2.7416e+01  1.1417e+03   0.0240
## mysic2834                            -2.2662e+02  1.0420e+03  -0.2175
## mysic7830                            -3.0884e+01  1.7732e+03  -0.0174
## mysic4512                             2.8822e+02  1.3358e+03   0.2158
## mysic3564                             5.4641e+02  1.5411e+03   0.3546
## mysic3825                            -3.2123e+02  1.1516e+03  -0.2789
## mysic3670                             3.2805e+02  1.4044e+03   0.2336
## mysic8700                             3.5141e+02  1.4419e+03   0.2437
## mysic5160                            -9.4521e+02  1.5971e+03  -0.5918
## mysic3612                            -2.1003e+02  1.6085e+03  -0.1306
## mysic3420                             1.6989e+03  1.2670e+03   1.3409
## mysic7372                             1.8947e+03  1.0002e+03   1.8942
## mysic3844                             3.4271e+02  1.8336e+03   0.1869
## mysic5172                            -1.8896e+03  1.7359e+03  -1.0886
## mysic3674                            -5.7952e+02  1.0094e+03  -0.5741
## mysic3812                            -2.9924e+03  1.2499e+03  -2.3940
## mysic2810                             6.4119e+02  1.1630e+03   0.5513
## mysic4513                             3.4896e+03  1.9759e+03   1.7661
## mysic3841                             5.8040e+02  1.1419e+03   0.5083
## mysic2844                             3.4304e+03  1.2661e+03   2.7094
## mysic5411                            -2.5778e+03  1.1606e+03  -2.2210
## mysic2870                             3.8751e+02  1.5125e+03   0.2562
## mysic5040                             2.1007e+02  2.1249e+03   0.0989
## mysic4400                             6.6935e+02  1.4384e+03   0.4654
## mysic3663                            -1.3629e+03  1.0568e+03  -1.2896
## mysic3728                            -2.3899e+03  1.3044e+03  -1.8323
## mysic1381                             1.4244e+03  1.2360e+03   1.1524
## mysic4812                             5.4621e+03  1.3222e+03   4.1310
## mysic3350                             2.3040e+02  1.3743e+03   0.1676
## mysic2911                            -5.9729e+03  1.2184e+03  -4.9021
## mysic3089                             1.7851e+02  1.2668e+03   0.1409
## mysic3490                             2.0888e+02  1.2540e+03   0.1666
## mysic7340                             1.8782e+02  1.6368e+03   0.1147
## mysic4955                             7.8908e+02  1.4424e+03   0.5471
## mysic2771                             4.4800e+02  2.5711e+03   0.1742
## mysic7370                             2.1765e+03  1.0482e+03   2.0765
## mysic7380                             3.0415e+02  1.8576e+03   0.1637
## mysic3621                             2.4998e+02  1.4489e+03   0.1725
## mysic3585                            -3.4647e+02  1.3214e+03  -0.2622
## mysic4813                             3.3300e+03  1.2056e+03   2.7620
## mysic3270                             3.4000e+02  1.3794e+03   0.2465
## mysic3823                             8.0219e+02  1.2404e+03   0.6467
## mysic2836                             3.0006e+03  1.1588e+03   2.5895
## mysic3460                             7.2854e+01  1.9116e+03   0.0381
## mysic7371                             2.4591e+02  1.6352e+03   0.1504
## mysic3357                            -9.3945e+01  1.5727e+03  -0.0597
## mysic7200                             5.7532e+02  1.2913e+03   0.4455
## mysic5150                            -6.1258e+02  1.8577e+03  -0.3297
## mysic2082                             5.6774e+03  1.5850e+03   3.5819
## mysic3949                            -5.5771e+01  1.4560e+03  -0.0383
## mysic1311                             3.2975e+03  1.0361e+03   3.1827
## mysic3231                            -3.7332e+02  2.3401e+03  -0.1595
## mysic3571                             8.2182e+03  1.4080e+03   5.8368
## mysic3559                             2.9785e+01  1.1059e+03   0.0269
## mysic3640                             1.8380e+02  1.1934e+03   0.1540
## mysic2070                            -4.7630e+03  1.9454e+03  -2.4483
## mysic5065                            -9.4070e+02  1.2816e+03  -0.7340
## mysic3523                            -4.5826e+02  1.5036e+03  -0.3048
## mysic3714                            -3.0347e+03  1.1502e+03  -2.6385
## mysic3560                             2.1829e+02  1.3987e+03   0.1561
## mysic2860                            -6.7801e+02  1.3173e+03  -0.5147
## mysic3679                             5.2570e+02  1.1346e+03   0.4633
## mysic8090                             1.0900e+03  1.3334e+03   0.8174
## mysic7374                             1.1247e+03  1.2337e+03   0.9117
## mysic2670                             1.6621e+02  1.2942e+03   0.1284
## mysic3824                             2.2903e+02  1.9410e+03   0.1180
## mysic2821                            -5.3925e+03  1.2864e+03  -4.1920
## mysic8711                             9.3085e+01  1.2570e+03   0.0741
## mysic3533                             2.1040e+03  1.2379e+03   1.6997
## mysic3411                            -7.9492e+02  1.7322e+03  -0.4589
## mysic2430                             1.6353e+02  2.2787e+03   0.0718
## mysic3011                            -5.9796e+03  1.7491e+03  -3.4186
## mysic2750                             5.6447e+01  1.2407e+03   0.0455
## mysic4731                             9.7020e+02  1.4183e+03   0.6841
## mysic3140                             3.1319e+02  1.2291e+03   0.2548
## mysic2511                             1.7777e+02  1.5409e+03   0.1154
## mysic3677                             1.8075e+02  2.5709e+03   0.0703
## mysic5812                             1.6419e+03  1.0442e+03   1.5723
## mysic5122                            -1.4885e+04  1.4910e+03  -9.9833
## mysic5731                             4.0937e+02  1.6800e+03   0.2437
## mysic3826                             6.0527e+02  1.1433e+03   0.5294
## mysic3842                             1.0497e+03  1.0923e+03   0.9610
## mysic8742                             7.8188e+02  1.3074e+03   0.5981
## mysic3540                             1.7861e+03  1.4709e+03   1.2143
## mysic3721                            -7.6937e+04  2.7848e+03 -27.6272
## mysic5110                            -1.6895e+03  2.4088e+03  -0.7014
## mysic3829                             1.9147e+02  1.2401e+03   0.1544
## mysic3845                             1.4572e+03  1.0687e+03   1.3635
## mysic7363                             2.5348e+01  1.1499e+03   0.0220
## mysic7381                             9.2123e+01  2.0827e+03   0.0442
## mysic7900                             1.0193e+03  2.0103e+03   0.5071
## mysic3990                             2.8616e+02  1.2999e+03   0.2201
## mysic2013                             1.8000e+02  2.5708e+03   0.0700
## mysic3510                            -3.0237e+03  1.5847e+03  -1.9081
## mysic2085                             4.3526e+03  2.5721e+03   1.6922
## mysic3330                             3.7643e+02  1.9729e+03   0.1908
## mysic1623                             3.9971e+02  1.4719e+03   0.2716
## mysic7373                            -2.3050e+02  1.0582e+03  -0.2178
## mysic3448                            -1.4177e+02  2.2789e+03  -0.0622
## mysic3531                            -2.6570e+03  1.4296e+03  -1.8586
## mysic2842                             2.5187e+03  1.7293e+03   1.4565
## mysic2030                             2.1444e+03  1.5428e+03   1.3900
## mysic4011                             1.4344e+03  1.7136e+03   0.8371
## mysic8093                             2.1375e+02  1.8107e+03   0.1180
## mysic2890                             1.6092e+01  1.2539e+03   0.0128
## mysic5621                             3.8790e+02  1.1718e+03   0.3310
## mysic2721                             7.7791e+02  1.5037e+03   0.5173
## mysic2015                            -4.7205e+02  1.6673e+03  -0.2831
## mysic4941                             3.4155e+02  1.8587e+03   0.1838
## mysic2084                             8.0996e+02  1.8146e+03   0.4463
## mysic3312                            -1.5745e+02  1.2154e+03  -0.1295
## mysic3537                            -7.4250e+02  1.7882e+03  -0.4152
## mysic5500                            -1.2698e+03  1.2473e+03  -1.0180
## mysic5051                            -4.3490e+02  1.3782e+03  -0.3156
## mysic2452                             8.9767e+02  4.2426e+03   0.2116
## mysic3678                             1.0768e+03  1.6950e+03   0.6353
## mysic3290                            -6.9307e+02  1.6084e+03  -0.4309
## mysic2621                             1.1484e+03  1.4579e+03   0.7877
## mysic3669                             7.3316e+01  1.4117e+03   0.0519
## mysic8082                             3.9500e+02  1.4794e+03   0.2670
## mysic2200                            -2.3915e+01  2.3401e+03  -0.0102
## mysic3452                            -9.0507e-01  2.0062e+03  -0.0005
## mysic4833                             1.8878e+03  1.3411e+03   1.4077
## mysic2840                             1.2634e+04  1.6217e+03   7.7907
## mysic7948                             8.2058e+02  1.9141e+03   0.4287
## mysic2320                             1.3514e+03  1.3777e+03   0.9809
## mysic5600                             8.3197e+02  1.5413e+03   0.5398
## mysic1000                             4.0754e+03  1.7161e+03   2.3748
## mysic5013                            -2.0115e+02  2.1249e+03  -0.0947
## mysic2086                             1.2586e+03  1.3832e+03   0.9100
## mysic2080                             6.2192e+04  1.9621e+03  31.6973
## mysic1044                             8.6756e+02  2.6699e+03   0.3249
## mysic5990                             5.3006e+02  1.7886e+03   0.2964
## mysic4841                             8.6177e+03  1.3225e+03   6.5163
## mysic3590                            -9.3717e+02  2.4845e+03  -0.3772
## mysic4899                             2.0863e+03  1.3114e+03   1.5909
## mysic2000                            -5.9976e+01  1.4509e+03  -0.0413
## mysic5140                             8.5941e+00  1.4811e+03   0.0058
## mysic4210                            -1.5238e+02  2.2238e+03  -0.0685
## mysic3851                             4.0547e+02  1.6660e+03   0.2434
## mysic2732                             2.6671e+02  2.5711e+03   0.1037
## mysic2820                            -1.0484e+04  1.7358e+03  -6.0395
## mysic3950                            -1.8752e+01  2.4858e+03  -0.0075
## mysic2211                            -1.1066e+02  2.3400e+03  -0.0473
## mysic3572                             6.4231e+02  1.1867e+03   0.5412
## mysic3827                             3.7455e+02  1.3463e+03   0.2782
## mysic1382                             4.3424e+02  2.1262e+03   0.2042
## mysic5331                             4.7857e+03  1.2241e+03   3.9094
## mysic2020                            -1.8118e+03  2.2232e+03  -0.8149
## mysic2780                             2.1909e+02  1.7882e+03   0.1225
## mysic8200                             9.5018e+02  1.2339e+03   0.7700
## mysic3843                             9.2009e+02  1.6357e+03   0.5625
## mysic2835                             6.9203e+02  1.1802e+03   0.5864
## mysic5190                            -2.7207e+02  1.9414e+03  -0.1401
## mysic3578                            -6.3168e+02  1.4788e+03  -0.4272
## mysic5311                             3.1717e+02  1.2975e+03   0.2445
## mysic2273                             5.3575e+02  1.6635e+03   0.3221
## mysic2711                             3.5020e+03  1.3590e+03   2.5769
## mysic2024                             1.6007e+03  3.0759e+03   0.5204
## mysic7320                             3.4460e+03  1.6635e+03   2.0715
## mysic3561                             3.8362e+02  1.4353e+03   0.2673
## mysic3713                             1.6019e+02  1.9732e+03   0.0812
## mysic4924                            -3.1825e+02  8.3191e+03  -0.0383
## mysic3861                            -3.9667e+03  1.5131e+03  -2.6216
## mysic3620                            -8.8876e+02  1.3247e+03  -0.6709
## mysic3690                             1.1565e+02  1.2114e+03   0.0955
## mysic2950                             1.5894e+02  3.0750e+03   0.0517
## mysic3600                             1.0123e+03  2.5753e+03   0.3931
## mysic3651                            -5.8261e+02  1.4786e+03  -0.3940
## mysic3576                             3.8358e+03  1.1587e+03   3.3105
## mysic2761                            -1.3659e+02  1.7119e+03  -0.0798
## mysic3390                             4.9545e+02  2.1716e+03   0.2282
## mysic3310                            -1.2605e+02  1.6644e+03  -0.0757
## mysic2800                            -6.6935e+02  2.0824e+03  -0.3214
## mysic5940                             4.8852e+02  1.2671e+03   0.3855
## mysic2090                             6.1221e+02  1.3452e+03   0.4551
## mysic3569                             4.0649e+02  1.4051e+03   0.2893
## mysic2851                            -1.5873e+03  1.5219e+03  -1.0430
## mysic2790                             3.1903e+02  2.5709e+03   0.1241
## mysic2510                             2.0198e+02  1.4048e+03   0.1438
## mysic2050                             4.3935e+02  1.6951e+03   0.2592
## mysic1600                            -5.7129e+02  1.6388e+03  -0.3486
## mysic5072                            -1.8273e+02  2.3392e+03  -0.0781
## mysic3317                             2.2113e+02  1.5127e+03   0.1462
## mysic2891                            -1.5054e+02  2.2219e+03  -0.0678
## mysic5651                             1.8571e+03  1.1798e+03   1.5740
## mysic2300                             4.4925e+02  1.1817e+03   0.3802
## mysic3760                            -2.7866e+02  1.7680e+03  -0.1576
## mysic3579                            -2.0277e+02  2.2222e+03  -0.0912
## mysic2731                             3.7026e+03  1.7679e+03   2.0943
## mysic3790                            -1.1612e+03  1.5985e+03  -0.7264
## mysic2040                             1.7170e+03  1.5049e+03   1.1409
## mysic5661                             9.8153e+01  1.3828e+03   0.0710
## mysic2600                             1.2738e+01  2.5718e+03   0.0050
## mysic7990                             1.6759e+03  1.1941e+03   1.4035
## mysic3443                             1.6068e+02  1.8098e+03   0.0888
## mysic5000                             2.4077e+03  2.5709e+03   0.9365
## mysic5945                             5.3612e+02  2.0426e+03   0.2625
## mysic2650                            -6.7754e-01  1.5057e+03  -0.0004
## mysic4412                             6.3340e+02  1.6805e+03   0.3769
## mysic3672                             4.9523e+02  1.2714e+03   0.3895
## mysic1389                             1.3605e+03  1.2911e+03   1.0538
## mysic2221                             1.5803e+01  2.4079e+03   0.0066
## mysic3080                             1.6739e+01  1.5846e+03   0.0106
## mysic3944                            -1.1091e+02  1.6494e+03  -0.0672
## mysic5712                             8.1363e+01  2.2222e+03   0.0366
## mysic1040                             6.1364e+03  1.8341e+03   3.3456
## mysic3724                             1.2560e+02  1.8099e+03   0.0694
## mysic2060                             1.9611e+03  1.4499e+03   1.3526
## mysic3570                            -2.4516e+04  2.0265e+03 -12.0975
## mysic2590                             9.0594e+02  5.9213e+03   0.1530
## mysic5211                             1.7521e+04  2.0138e+03   8.7005
## mysic2522                            -2.3426e+02  1.7483e+03  -0.1340
## mysic2011                            -3.2315e+03  1.7523e+03  -1.8442
## mysic7011                             1.0064e+03  1.3843e+03   0.7270
## mysic5070                            -2.1029e+02  1.8837e+03  -0.1116
## mysic4213                             8.2088e+02  1.7334e+03   0.4736
## mysic3021                             3.7101e+03  1.6349e+03   2.2693
## mysic2611                             3.8811e+02  2.0081e+03   0.1933
## mysic3442                            -9.1661e+00  1.7484e+03  -0.0052
## mysic3711                            -2.6396e+03  1.6647e+03  -1.5857
## mysic2631                            -9.5168e+02  1.6522e+03  -0.5760
## mysic5063                            -6.8199e+02  2.1251e+03  -0.3209
## mysic1731                             5.7971e+01  1.8346e+03   0.0316
## mysic2531                            -6.3537e+03  1.4971e+03  -4.2441
## mysic3250                            -7.9037e+02  8.3189e+03  -0.0950
## mysic1700                             2.6760e+02  1.8584e+03   0.1440
## mysic3562                            -1.0941e+02  1.5218e+03  -0.0719
## mysic2330                             6.7357e+02  1.4045e+03   0.4796
## mysic3821                             3.9517e+02  1.7884e+03   0.2210
## mysic3577                            -1.0460e+03  1.1557e+03  -0.9051
## mysic2540                            -1.1343e+02  3.2672e+03  -0.0347
## mysic4100                             1.8210e+03  4.2432e+03   0.4292
## mysic2052                            -1.0401e+03  2.4844e+03  -0.4187
## mysic3730                            -3.6078e+02  3.2674e+03  -0.1104
## mysic5912                             2.5701e+01  1.3309e+03   0.0193
## mysic2400                             4.1414e+02  2.1258e+03   0.1948
## mysic2990                            -1.2818e+03  1.7884e+03  -0.7167
## mysic7819                             3.5991e+02  3.2674e+03   0.1102
## mysic3530                             1.5207e+02  2.0066e+03   0.0758
## mysic3430                             2.6600e+03  2.5719e+03   1.0343
## mysic3470                             8.5295e+01  2.5713e+03   0.0332
## mysic3942                            -1.1376e+02  1.9407e+03  -0.0586
## mysic3630                            -5.3019e+03  1.6961e+03  -3.1259
## mysic3567                             7.8054e+02  4.8664e+03   0.1604
## mysic4888                             2.5312e+04  1.4954e+03  16.9267
## mysic2520                            -4.1678e+00  2.6702e+03  -0.0016
## mysic5047                             5.2522e+02  1.4876e+03   0.3531
## mysic3320                            -1.4715e+03  5.9236e+03  -0.2484
## mysic5141                            -1.6676e+03  2.0097e+03  -0.8297
## mysic8062                             5.7519e+02  2.0091e+03   0.2863
## mysic3480                             8.7068e+01  1.5732e+03   0.0553
## mysic8734                             1.8448e+02  1.8835e+03   0.0979
## mysic5961                             1.8383e+02  1.1909e+03   0.1544
## mysic5093                             3.7609e+02  1.8846e+03   0.1996
## mysic2451                             1.5686e+02  1.7303e+03   0.0907
## mysic7385                            -1.8832e+02  3.8176e+03  -0.0493
## mysic3873                             7.2071e+02  1.9434e+03   0.3708
## mysic4522                             3.1662e+02  1.7680e+03   0.1791
## mysic3221                            -5.5978e+02  2.5718e+03  -0.2177
## mysic8721                             3.2121e+03  1.6356e+03   1.9639
## mysic5531                             1.9011e+03  1.4950e+03   1.2716
## mysic1540                            -7.6496e+02  2.6712e+03  -0.2864
## mysic2111                             1.8370e+03  1.8810e+03   0.9766
## mysic5700                             2.1155e+03  1.4709e+03   1.4382
## mysic2033                             2.9675e+02  1.8580e+03   0.1597
## mysic5045                            -2.2695e+03  1.2239e+03  -1.8544
## mysic2421                             1.8986e+02  1.7150e+03   0.1107
## mysic3613                             2.1574e+02  1.8574e+03   0.1161
## mysic4923                             4.4136e+03  3.8193e+03   1.1556
## mysic7510                            -4.1415e+02  8.3195e+03  -0.0498
## mysic1400                             1.2065e+03  1.3834e+03   0.8721
## mysic3334                            -1.4239e+02  8.3192e+03  -0.0171
## mysic2253                            -2.1034e+02  3.2670e+03  -0.0644
## mysic3241                             5.0880e+02  2.5717e+03   0.1978
## mysic5412                            -2.7428e+03  3.5085e+03  -0.7818
## mysic7600                             5.0831e+02  3.0748e+03   0.1653
## mysic3580                             7.4051e+01  1.7478e+03   0.0424
## mysic7996                             4.4101e+02  2.0459e+03   0.2156
## mysic7812                             1.9357e+04  4.2416e+03   4.5636
## mysic7389                             5.6985e+02  1.1922e+03   0.4780
## mysic5084                             1.0118e+03  1.7116e+03   0.5912
## mysic2100                             1.7624e+03  2.9176e+03   0.6040
## mysic3720                            -1.7027e+04  2.5987e+03  -6.5522
## mysic3440                             4.2068e+02  2.5710e+03   0.1636
## mysic3575                            -5.0135e+02  4.8661e+03  -0.1030
## mysic3060                             3.5683e+02  3.5075e+03   0.1017
## mysic1220                             2.0326e+03  1.6682e+03   1.2184
## mysic5130                             1.8523e+02  1.9405e+03   0.0955
## mysic4922                             2.0036e+03  2.2256e+03   0.9002
## mysic3634                            -1.3594e+02  3.2670e+03  -0.0416
## mysic3716                             3.1814e+02  2.4863e+03   0.1280
## mysic3050                             2.1716e+02  3.8178e+03   0.0569
## mysic5944                             1.6320e+03  1.7900e+03   0.9117
## mysic4610                            -3.6490e+03  3.5103e+03  -1.0395
## mysic3081                            -5.8991e+00  1.6796e+03  -0.0035
## mysic8071                             2.1503e+03  1.4230e+03   1.5110
## mysic3272                            -5.5421e+02  5.9214e+03  -0.0936
## mysic3751                             5.0942e+03  2.5710e+03   1.9814
## mysic5735                            -5.6191e+01  2.0427e+03  -0.0275
## mysic7331                             7.0158e+02  2.0841e+03   0.3366
## mysic7822                             3.1162e+02  3.5072e+03   0.0889
## mysic3555                             9.9740e+01  2.2222e+03   0.0449
## mysic3532                             3.0366e+03  3.0754e+03   0.9874
## mysic5900                            -3.5397e+01  1.3257e+03  -0.0267
## mysic3695                            -6.8143e+02  2.5711e+03  -0.2650
## mysic3341                            -1.0259e+02  2.0824e+03  -0.0493
## mysic2833                             3.2769e+02  1.8577e+03   0.1764
## mysic5200                             1.9872e+03  1.9405e+03   1.0241
## mysic4953                             2.8886e+03  1.4991e+03   1.9269
## mysic3086                            -2.1307e+02  3.8185e+03  -0.0558
## mysic4832                             1.4008e+03  1.4304e+03   0.9794
## mysic3541                            -7.2497e+00  2.6719e+03  -0.0027
## mysic4991                             3.0620e+03  1.9145e+03   1.5994
## mysic8011                             6.2844e+02  1.9441e+03   0.3233
## mysic8060                             3.3547e+02  2.4087e+03   0.1393
## mysic8731                             9.1587e+02  1.3645e+03   0.6712
## mysic7500                             3.6600e+02  1.8581e+03   0.1970
## mysic8741                             5.2840e+02  1.7690e+03   0.2987
## mysic8051                             5.7360e+02  2.0865e+03   0.2749
## mysic3715                            -1.7585e+02  2.5722e+03  -0.0684
## mysic5734                             4.0701e+02  3.8192e+03   0.1066
## mysic7310                             1.5167e+03  1.4876e+03   1.0196
## mysic8000                             3.2424e+02  1.8587e+03   0.1744
## mysic4013                             1.3746e+02  3.2672e+03   0.0421
## mysic3550                             1.0087e+02  1.9112e+03   0.0528
## mysic8050                             1.7248e+02  2.3414e+03   0.0737
## mysic2741                             2.7638e+02  2.7851e+03   0.0992
## mysic3220                             1.1227e+02  2.5711e+03   0.0437
## mysic7841                             4.3534e+02  2.7836e+03   0.1564
## mysic3100                             3.0305e+03  2.0065e+03   1.5103
## mysic3911                            -5.5955e+02  5.9217e+03  -0.0945
## mysic5399                            -4.9395e+03  2.0584e+03  -2.3997
## mysic4700                             3.3318e+02  2.5716e+03   0.1296
## mysic8744                             7.0916e+02  1.8605e+03   0.3812
## mysic5010                             2.0418e+03  2.4852e+03   0.8216
## mysic5030                            -1.4461e+02  4.8664e+03  -0.0297
## mysic3260                            -9.5497e+02  8.3191e+03  -0.1148
## mysic3652                             2.5670e+02  3.2674e+03   0.0786
## mysic3360                             7.2704e+02  2.5710e+03   0.2828
## mysic4961                            -7.0468e+02  8.3191e+03  -0.0847
## mysic8300                             5.9278e+02  1.7350e+03   0.3417
## mysic1090                             1.0517e+03  2.5720e+03   0.4089
## mysic7359                             3.2134e+03  2.0436e+03   1.5725
## mysic5810                             2.4264e+02  3.2687e+03   0.0742
## mysic3743                             1.4391e+02  2.4847e+03   0.0579
## mysic5090                             5.7494e+02  2.6698e+03   0.2153
## mysic8351                             5.8255e+02  3.2699e+03   0.1782
## mysic4220                             4.1039e+03  2.7837e+03   1.4742
## mysic7330                             7.3441e+02  3.5074e+03   0.2094
## mysic3931                             1.9939e+02  2.7846e+03   0.0716
## mysic5180                             1.3988e+03  3.8182e+03   0.3663
## mysic7361                             7.3939e+02  2.0081e+03   0.3682
## mysic4822                             1.1288e+03  3.5074e+03   0.3218
## mysic5400                             7.3756e+02  3.5089e+03   0.2102
## mysic1221                             7.3428e+03  3.5103e+03   2.0918
## mysic7997                             1.4215e+03  5.9231e+03   0.2400
## mysic4581                             8.5612e+02  8.3191e+03   0.1029
## mysic5031                            -1.6195e+02  5.9219e+03  -0.0273
## mysic2340                             5.3947e+02  8.3188e+03   0.0648
## xrd.within:RecoverableSlack.within    1.3807e+01  3.3761e+00   4.0895
## xrd.between:RecoverableSlack.between -2.7378e+01  1.1412e+00 -23.9911
##                                       Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                          0.5200700    
## xrd.between                          < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd.within                           < 2.2e-16 ***
## RecoverableSlack.within              0.2545938    
## RecoverableSlack.between             0.2568029    
## ni                                   < 2.2e-16 ***
## cogs                                 < 2.2e-16 ***
## dv                                   < 2.2e-16 ***
## myyear2000                           0.1140267    
## myyear2001                           0.0388420 *  
## myyear2002                           1.331e-06 ***
## myyear2003                           0.0039894 ** 
## myyear2004                           0.0024262 ** 
## myyear2005                           5.777e-05 ***
## myyear2006                           0.0053423 ** 
## myyear2007                           0.0527797 .  
## myyear2008                           < 2.2e-16 ***
## myyear2009                           7.733e-07 ***
## myyear2010                           0.0001908 ***
## mysic3661                            0.9808423    
## mysic2834                            0.8278266    
## mysic7830                            0.9861040    
## mysic4512                            0.8291755    
## mysic3564                            0.7229184    
## mysic3825                            0.7802912    
## mysic3670                            0.8153078    
## mysic8700                            0.8074534    
## mysic5160                            0.5539760    
## mysic3612                            0.8961111    
## mysic3420                            0.1799524    
## mysic7372                            0.0582105 .  
## mysic3844                            0.8517383    
## mysic5172                            0.2763456    
## mysic3674                            0.5658863    
## mysic3812                            0.0166747 *  
## mysic2810                            0.5814263    
## mysic4513                            0.0774011 .  
## mysic3841                            0.6112624    
## mysic2844                            0.0067451 ** 
## mysic5411                            0.0263628 *  
## mysic2870                            0.7977915    
## mysic5040                            0.9212511    
## mysic4400                            0.6416834    
## mysic3663                            0.1972009    
## mysic3728                            0.0669280 .  
## mysic1381                            0.2491741    
## mysic4812                            3.627e-05 ***
## mysic3350                            0.8668650    
## mysic2911                            9.556e-07 ***
## mysic3089                            0.8879387    
## mysic3490                            0.8677120    
## mysic7340                            0.9086479    
## mysic4955                            0.5843469    
## mysic2771                            0.8616760    
## mysic7370                            0.0378618 *  
## mysic7380                            0.8699438    
## mysic3621                            0.8630212    
## mysic3585                            0.7931787    
## mysic4813                            0.0057498 ** 
## mysic3270                            0.8053036    
## mysic3823                            0.5178195    
## mysic2836                            0.0096189 ** 
## mysic3460                            0.9695986    
## mysic7371                            0.8804615    
## mysic3357                            0.9523673    
## mysic7200                            0.6559287    
## mysic5150                            0.7415962    
## mysic2082                            0.0003419 ***
## mysic3949                            0.9694448    
## mysic1311                            0.0014615 ** 
## mysic3231                            0.8732509    
## mysic3571                            5.401e-09 ***
## mysic3559                            0.9785137    
## mysic3640                            0.8776048    
## mysic2070                            0.0143601 *  
## mysic5065                            0.4629389    
## mysic3523                            0.7605390    
## mysic3714                            0.0083338 ** 
## mysic3560                            0.8759824    
## mysic2860                            0.6067768    
## mysic3679                            0.6431390    
## mysic8090                            0.4136815    
## mysic7374                            0.3619461    
## mysic2670                            0.8978163    
## mysic3824                            0.9060708    
## mysic2821                            2.777e-05 ***
## mysic8711                            0.9409663    
## mysic3533                            0.0892057 .  
## mysic3411                            0.6462968    
## mysic2430                            0.9427893    
## mysic3011                            0.0006307 ***
## mysic2750                            0.9637137    
## mysic4731                            0.4939333    
## mysic3140                            0.7988658    
## mysic2511                            0.9081581    
## mysic3677                            0.9439497    
## mysic5812                            0.1158881    
## mysic5122                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic5731                            0.8074861    
## mysic3826                            0.5965229    
## mysic3842                            0.3365843    
## mysic8742                            0.5498063    
## mysic3540                            0.2246653    
## mysic3721                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic5110                            0.4830838    
## mysic3829                            0.8772976    
## mysic3845                            0.1727361    
## mysic7363                            0.9824130    
## mysic7381                            0.9647198    
## mysic7900                            0.6121249    
## mysic3990                            0.8257608    
## mysic2013                            0.9441805    
## mysic3510                            0.0563901 .  
## mysic2085                            0.0906184 .  
## mysic3330                            0.8486841    
## mysic1623                            0.7859670    
## mysic7373                            0.8275688    
## mysic3448                            0.9503975    
## mysic3531                            0.0631026 .  
## mysic2842                            0.1452754    
## mysic2030                            0.1645508    
## mysic4011                            0.4025620    
## mysic8093                            0.9060333    
## mysic2890                            0.9897608    
## mysic5621                            0.7406305    
## mysic2721                            0.6049200    
## mysic2015                            0.7770924    
## mysic4941                            0.8542074    
## mysic2084                            0.6553510    
## mysic3312                            0.8969297    
## mysic3537                            0.6779877    
## mysic5500                            0.3086831    
## mysic5051                            0.7523331    
## mysic2452                            0.8324343    
## mysic3678                            0.5252350    
## mysic3290                            0.6665486    
## mysic2621                            0.4308677    
## mysic3669                            0.9585802    
## mysic8082                            0.7894792    
## mysic2200                            0.9918463    
## mysic3452                            0.9996401    
## mysic4833                            0.1592388    
## mysic2840                            6.981e-15 ***
## mysic7948                            0.6681391    
## mysic2320                            0.3266469    
## mysic5600                            0.5893617    
## mysic1000                            0.0175666 *  
## mysic5013                            0.9245832    
## mysic2086                            0.3628450    
## mysic2080                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic1044                            0.7452250    
## mysic5990                            0.7669593    
## mysic4841                            7.374e-11 ***
## mysic3590                            0.7060216    
## mysic4899                            0.1116386    
## mysic2000                            0.9670285    
## mysic5140                            0.9953703    
## mysic4210                            0.9453715    
## mysic3851                            0.8077160    
## mysic2732                            0.9173817    
## mysic2820                            1.573e-09 ***
## mysic3950                            0.9939813    
## mysic2211                            0.9622823    
## mysic3572                            0.5883510    
## mysic3827                            0.7808567    
## mysic1382                            0.8381762    
## mysic5331                            9.281e-05 ***
## mysic2020                            0.4151281    
## mysic2780                            0.9024881    
## mysic8200                            0.4412897    
## mysic3843                            0.5737772    
## mysic2835                            0.5576199    
## mysic5190                            0.8885495    
## mysic3578                            0.6692665    
## mysic5311                            0.8068818    
## mysic2273                            0.7474101    
## mysic2711                            0.0099762 ** 
## mysic2024                            0.6027776    
## mysic7320                            0.0383267 *  
## mysic3561                            0.7892583    
## mysic3713                            0.9352982    
## mysic4924                            0.9694842    
## mysic3861                            0.0087585 ** 
## mysic3620                            0.5022946    
## mysic3690                            0.9239458    
## mysic2950                            0.9587770    
## mysic3600                            0.6942745    
## mysic3651                            0.6935548    
## mysic3576                            0.0009331 ***
## mysic2761                            0.9364080    
## mysic3390                            0.8195278    
## mysic3310                            0.9396315    
## mysic2800                            0.7478834    
## mysic5940                            0.6998413    
## mysic2090                            0.6490429    
## mysic3569                            0.7723578    
## mysic2851                            0.2969766    
## mysic2790                            0.9012431    
## mysic2510                            0.8856770    
## mysic2050                            0.7954912    
## mysic1600                            0.7274004    
## mysic5072                            0.9377367    
## mysic3317                            0.8837762    
## mysic2891                            0.9459837    
## mysic5651                            0.1154945    
## mysic2300                            0.7038188    
## mysic3760                            0.8747656    
## mysic3579                            0.9272982    
## mysic2731                            0.0362441 *  
## mysic3790                            0.4675813    
## mysic2040                            0.2539213    
## mysic5661                            0.9434115    
## mysic2600                            0.9960483    
## mysic7990                            0.1604788    
## mysic3443                            0.9292543    
## mysic5000                            0.3490251    
## mysic5945                            0.7929635    
## mysic2650                            0.9996410    
## mysic4412                            0.7062461    
## mysic3672                            0.6968952    
## mysic1389                            0.2920021    
## mysic2221                            0.9947638    
## mysic3080                            0.9915716    
## mysic3944                            0.9463874    
## mysic5712                            0.9707933    
## mysic1040                            0.0008225 ***
## mysic3724                            0.9446727    
## mysic2060                            0.1762140    
## mysic3570                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic2590                            0.8784020    
## mysic5211                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic2522                            0.8934052    
## mysic2011                            0.0651661 .  
## mysic7011                            0.4672353    
## mysic5070                            0.9111125    
## mysic4213                            0.6358077    
## mysic3021                            0.0232605 *  
## mysic2611                            0.8467462    
## mysic3442                            0.9958171    
## mysic3711                            0.1128308    
## mysic2631                            0.5646283    
## mysic5063                            0.7482715    
## mysic1731                            0.9747930    
## mysic2531                            2.204e-05 ***
## mysic3250                            0.9243084    
## mysic1700                            0.8855057    
## mysic3562                            0.9426894    
## mysic2330                            0.6315362    
## mysic3821                            0.8251218    
## mysic3577                            0.3654328    
## mysic2540                            0.9723061    
## mysic4100                            0.6678097    
## mysic2052                            0.6754724    
## mysic3730                            0.9120786    
## mysic5912                            0.9845934    
## mysic2400                            0.8455375    
## mysic2990                            0.4735476    
## mysic7819                            0.9122902    
## mysic3530                            0.9395897    
## mysic3430                            0.3010238    
## mysic3470                            0.9735373    
## mysic3942                            0.9532596    
## mysic3630                            0.0017750 ** 
## mysic3567                            0.8725710    
## mysic4888                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic2520                            0.9987546    
## mysic5047                            0.7240367    
## mysic3320                            0.8038137    
## mysic5141                            0.4066943    
## mysic8062                            0.7746597    
## mysic3480                            0.9558639    
## mysic8734                            0.9219786    
## mysic5961                            0.8773268    
## mysic5093                            0.8418305    
## mysic2451                            0.9277653    
## mysic7385                            0.9606571    
## mysic3873                            0.7107593    
## mysic4522                            0.8578738    
## mysic3221                            0.8276992    
## mysic8721                            0.0495567 *  
## mysic5531                            0.2035366    
## mysic1540                            0.7745925    
## mysic2111                            0.3287818    
## mysic5700                            0.1503922    
## mysic2033                            0.8731074    
## mysic5045                            0.0637027 .  
## mysic2421                            0.9118506    
## mysic3613                            0.9075378    
## mysic4923                            0.2478502    
## mysic7510                            0.9602972    
## mysic1400                            0.3831494    
## mysic3334                            0.9863448    
## mysic2253                            0.9486650    
## mysic3241                            0.8431705    
## mysic5412                            0.4343677    
## mysic7600                            0.8686979    
## mysic3580                            0.9662062    
## mysic7996                            0.8293316    
## mysic7812                            5.058e-06 ***
## mysic7389                            0.6326590    
## mysic5084                            0.5544166    
## mysic2100                            0.5458174    
## mysic3720                            5.804e-11 ***
## mysic3440                            0.8700252    
## mysic3575                            0.9179415    
## mysic3060                            0.9189706    
## mysic1220                            0.2230691    
## mysic5130                            0.9239547    
## mysic4922                            0.3680005    
## mysic3634                            0.9668099    
## mysic3716                            0.8981850    
## mysic3050                            0.9546410    
## mysic5944                            0.3619256    
## mysic4610                            0.2985771    
## mysic3081                            0.9971977    
## mysic8071                            0.1307988    
## mysic3272                            0.9254326    
## mysic3751                            0.0475580 *  
## mysic5735                            0.9780545    
## mysic7331                            0.7363943    
## mysic7822                            0.9292013    
## mysic3555                            0.9642001    
## mysic3532                            0.3234664    
## mysic5900                            0.9786989    
## mysic3695                            0.7909833    
## mysic3341                            0.9607078    
## mysic2833                            0.8599845    
## mysic5200                            0.3058188    
## mysic4953                            0.0540020 .  
## mysic3086                            0.9555026    
## mysic4832                            0.3274177    
## mysic3541                            0.9978351    
## mysic4991                            0.1097565    
## mysic8011                            0.7464982    
## mysic8060                            0.8892365    
## mysic8731                            0.5020886    
## mysic7500                            0.8438468    
## mysic8741                            0.7651684    
## mysic8051                            0.7833873    
## mysic3715                            0.9454972    
## mysic5734                            0.9151306    
## mysic7310                            0.3079349    
## mysic8000                            0.8615178    
## mysic4013                            0.9664407    
## mysic3550                            0.9579093    
## mysic8050                            0.9412773    
## mysic2741                            0.9209523    
## mysic3220                            0.9651713    
## mysic7841                            0.8757217    
## mysic3100                            0.1309783    
## mysic3911                            0.9247188    
## mysic5399                            0.0164174 *  
## mysic4700                            0.8969153    
## mysic8744                            0.7030824    
## mysic5010                            0.4113271    
## mysic5030                            0.9762946    
## mysic3260                            0.9086113    
## mysic3652                            0.9373793    
## mysic3360                            0.7773404    
## mysic4961                            0.9324953    
## mysic8300                            0.7326095    
## mysic1090                            0.6826185    
## mysic7359                            0.1158568    
## mysic5810                            0.9408278    
## mysic3743                            0.9538134    
## mysic5090                            0.8294971    
## mysic8351                            0.8586018    
## mysic4220                            0.1404310    
## mysic7330                            0.8341466    
## mysic3931                            0.9429188    
## mysic5180                            0.7141130    
## mysic7361                            0.7127200    
## mysic4822                            0.7475841    
## mysic5400                            0.8335145    
## mysic1221                            0.0364726 *  
## mysic7997                            0.8103428    
## mysic4581                            0.9180349    
## mysic5031                            0.9781827    
## mysic2340                            0.9482943    
## xrd.within:RecoverableSlack.within   4.339e-05 ***
## xrd.between:RecoverableSlack.between < 2.2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    6.913e+12
## Residual Sum of Squares: 1.4021e+12
## R-Squared:      0.79719
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.79343
## F-statistic: 212.522 on 380 and 20546 DF, p-value: < 2.22e-16

Identifying outliers

boxplot(mixed.df)

ScatterPlot

boxplot(mixed.df)

plot(mixed.df$marketvalue, mixed.df$xrd,pch=16, 
     xlab="Average Market Value", 
     ylab="Research and Development Expenditure", 
     main="Scatterplot of market value and xrd")

Set 2

Removing Outliers

# Data
rm(list = ls())

library(dplyr)
mixed.ds <- read.csv("/Users/bijay/Google Drive/UMKC/Semester III/Myprep/CompustatData3.csv")

mixed.df.withoutliers <- mixed.ds %>%
  select(marketvalue, xrd, RecoverableSlack, fyear, gvkey,sic, ni,  cogs, dv) %>%
  na.omit()

#Remove the outliers (xrd)
mixed.dfnoxrd <- subset(mixed.df.withoutliers, xrd > 0 )
original.rows <- nrow(mixed.df.withoutliers)
new.rows <- nrow(mixed.dfnoxrd)
dif.rows <- original.rows - new.rows
cat("Number of outliers dropped:", dif.rows)
## Number of outliers dropped: 9815
#Remove the outliers (no xrd and market value greater than 100000)
mixed.df <- subset(mixed.dfnoxrd, marketvalue < 100000)
original.rows <- nrow(mixed.dfnoxrd)
new.rows <- nrow(mixed.df)
dif.rows <- original.rows - new.rows
cat("Number of outliers dropped:", dif.rows)
## Number of outliers dropped: 129
head(mixed.df,3)
##    marketvalue    xrd RecoverableSlack fyear gvkey  sic       ni    cogs
## 12    10848.17 281.47             0.66  1999  1013 3661    87.64  930.14
## 13    13079.00 338.00             0.68  2000  1013 3661   868.10 1567.10
## 14     3620.20 278.60             0.63  2001  1013 3661 -1287.70 1484.20
##    dv
## 12  0
## 13  0
## 14  0
#Models
library(plm)
plm.df <- pdata.frame(mixed.df, index=c("fyear","gvkey"))
pooled.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd * RecoverableSlack, 
                    data = plm.df, model = "pooling")
random.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd * RecoverableSlack, 
                    data = plm.df, model = "random")
fixed.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd * RecoverableSlack, 
                   data = plm.df, model = "within")
cat("Results for the pooled model:")
## Results for the pooled model:
summary(pooled.model)
## Pooling Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = marketvalue ~ xrd * RecoverableSlack, data = plm.df, 
##     model = "pooling")
## 
## Unbalanced Panel: n=12, T=750-1058, N=10983
## 
## Residuals :
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median 3rd Qu.    Max. 
## -102000   -1700   -1250    -490   87100 
## 
## Coefficients :
##                         Estimate  Std. Error  t-value  Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)           2812.91095   166.37755  16.9068 < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd                     28.31109     0.60005  47.1814 < 2.2e-16 ***
## RecoverableSlack     -1962.54845   227.24916  -8.6361 < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd:RecoverableSlack   -14.61068     0.86769 -16.8386 < 2.2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    1.1589e+12
## Residual Sum of Squares: 5.415e+11
## R-Squared:      0.53275
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.53262
## F-statistic: 4172.73 on 3 and 10979 DF, p-value: < 2.22e-16
cat("\n\nResults for the randome model:")
## 
## 
## Results for the randome model:
summary(random.model)
## Oneway (individual) effect Random Effect Model 
##    (Swamy-Arora's transformation)
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = marketvalue ~ xrd * RecoverableSlack, data = plm.df, 
##     model = "random")
## 
## Unbalanced Panel: n=12, T=750-1058, N=10983
## 
## Effects:
##                     var   std.dev share
## idiosyncratic 4.908e+07 7.006e+03 0.999
## individual    4.703e+04 2.169e+02 0.001
## theta  : 
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##  0.2372  0.2623  0.2770  0.2713  0.2818  0.2953 
## 
## Residuals :
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
## -102000   -1710   -1240      -2    -491   87100 
## 
## Coefficients :
##                         Estimate  Std. Error  t-value  Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)           2807.72016   177.65956  15.8039 < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd                     28.34354     0.59935  47.2902 < 2.2e-16 ***
## RecoverableSlack     -1949.77341   227.08614  -8.5861 < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd:RecoverableSlack   -14.61858     0.86659 -16.8690 < 2.2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    1.1584e+12
## Residual Sum of Squares: 5.4004e+11
## R-Squared:      0.5338
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.53367
## F-statistic: 4190.25 on 3 and 10979 DF, p-value: < 2.22e-16
cat("\n\nResults for the fixed model:")
## 
## 
## Results for the fixed model:
summary(fixed.model)
## Oneway (individual) effect Within Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = marketvalue ~ xrd * RecoverableSlack, data = plm.df, 
##     model = "within")
## 
## Unbalanced Panel: n=12, T=750-1058, N=10983
## 
## Residuals :
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median 3rd Qu.    Max. 
## -102000   -1830   -1230    -265   86900 
## 
## Coefficients :
##                         Estimate  Std. Error  t-value  Pr(>|t|)    
## xrd                     28.37971     0.59885  47.3900 < 2.2e-16 ***
## RecoverableSlack     -1933.53622   227.00908  -8.5174 < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd:RecoverableSlack   -14.62570     0.86577 -16.8933 < 2.2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    1.1577e+12
## Residual Sum of Squares: 5.3836e+11
## R-Squared:      0.53497
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.53438
## F-statistic: 4205.9 on 3 and 10968 DF, p-value: < 2.22e-16
#Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier TesT
plmtest(pooled.model, type=c("bp"))
## 
##  Lagrange Multiplier Test - (Breusch-Pagan) for unbalanced panels
## 
## data:  marketvalue ~ xrd * RecoverableSlack
## chisq = 109.52, df = 1, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: significant effects
#Hausman Test: Fixed vs Random Effects Model
phtest(fixed.model, random.model)
## 
##  Hausman Test
## 
## data:  marketvalue ~ xrd * RecoverableSlack
## chisq = 122.95, df = 3, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: one model is inconsistent
#Data mutation for within and between effects
library(dplyr)
mixed.df <- mixed.df %>%
  group_by(gvkey) %>%
    mutate(xrd.between = mean(xrd),
           xrd.within = (xrd - xrd.between), 
           RecoverableSlack.between = mean(RecoverableSlack),
           RecoverableSlack.within = (RecoverableSlack - RecoverableSlack.between)) %>%
  mutate(myyear = factor(fyear), mysic = factor(sic))


#Hybrid Model:
hybrid.model <- plm(marketvalue ~ xrd.between + xrd.within + RecoverableSlack.within + 
                      RecoverableSlack.between+ xrd.within*RecoverableSlack.within + 
                      xrd.between*RecoverableSlack.between + ni + cogs + dv + myyear + mysic, 
                    data = mixed.df, 
                    index = c("fyear", "gvkey"), model = "pooling")
summary(hybrid.model)
## Pooling Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = marketvalue ~ xrd.between + xrd.within + RecoverableSlack.within + 
##     RecoverableSlack.between + xrd.within * RecoverableSlack.within + 
##     xrd.between * RecoverableSlack.between + ni + cogs + dv + 
##     myyear + mysic, data = mixed.df, model = "pooling", index = c("fyear", 
##     "gvkey"))
## 
## Unbalanced Panel: n=12, T=750-1058, N=10983
## 
## Residuals :
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##  -57400   -1100    -363     402   78200 
## 
## Coefficients :
##                                         Estimate  Std. Error  t-value
## (Intercept)                           1.4215e+03  4.6019e+02   3.0889
## xrd.between                           1.6522e+01  7.7215e-01  21.3979
## xrd.within                            1.7705e+00  3.5213e-01   5.0280
## RecoverableSlack.within              -8.0404e+02  3.4646e+02  -2.3208
## RecoverableSlack.between             -1.1617e+03  2.2749e+02  -5.1065
## ni                                    8.2576e-01  4.0895e-02  20.1924
## cogs                                  3.4723e-01  1.3769e-02  25.2189
## dv                                    9.6185e+00  3.5190e-01  27.3329
## myyear2000                           -3.3266e+01  2.6217e+02  -0.1269
## myyear2001                           -1.8548e+02  2.5778e+02  -0.7195
## myyear2002                           -9.7969e+02  2.5416e+02  -3.8546
## myyear2003                           -3.0155e+02  2.5219e+02  -1.1957
## myyear2004                           -2.6003e+02  2.4819e+02  -1.0477
## myyear2005                           -2.6432e+02  2.4480e+02  -1.0797
## myyear2006                           -7.2856e+01  2.4666e+02  -0.2954
## myyear2007                           -6.8520e+01  2.4944e+02  -0.2747
## myyear2008                           -1.6651e+03  2.5148e+02  -6.6210
## myyear2009                           -7.8296e+02  2.5020e+02  -3.1294
## myyear2010                           -2.0221e+02  2.5276e+02  -0.8000
## mysic2834                             8.9463e+02  4.6646e+02   1.9179
## mysic3564                             2.9372e+02  8.8518e+02   0.3318
## mysic3825                            -1.6947e+02  5.5132e+02  -0.3074
## mysic3670                             1.7983e+02  7.4586e+02   0.2411
## mysic5160                            -1.3410e+03  1.2303e+03  -1.0899
## mysic3612                            -7.4206e+01  8.9262e+02  -0.0831
## mysic3420                             2.1709e+03  6.9043e+02   3.1443
## mysic7372                             7.3508e+02  4.2734e+02   1.7201
## mysic3844                            -4.1511e+00  1.0353e+03  -0.0040
## mysic3674                             2.1819e+01  4.3607e+02   0.0500
## mysic3812                            -6.3430e+02  6.5471e+02  -0.9688
## mysic2810                             1.2287e+03  6.0506e+02   2.0307
## mysic3841                             9.6070e+02  5.5261e+02   1.7385
## mysic2844                             5.6338e+03  7.0028e+02   8.0451
## mysic2870                             1.1985e+01  1.0872e+03   0.0110
## mysic3663                            -2.1293e+01  4.7684e+02  -0.0447
## mysic3728                             7.8323e+02  7.5451e+02   1.0381
## mysic3350                             3.9238e+03  1.0956e+03   3.5812
## mysic3089                             6.0872e+01  7.1905e+02   0.0847
## mysic3490                             5.6895e+02  6.5951e+02   0.8627
## mysic7370                             2.8211e+03  5.4528e+02   5.1737
## mysic7380                            -2.7844e+02  1.8353e+03  -0.1517
## mysic3621                            -2.5386e+01  8.5180e+02  -0.0298
## mysic3585                            -3.1343e+02  7.6139e+02  -0.4117
## mysic4813                             7.2295e+03  1.2780e+03   5.6569
## mysic3270                            -1.0041e+02  9.9417e+02  -0.1010
## mysic3823                             1.2125e+03  6.2095e+02   1.9527
## mysic2836                             4.1554e+03  5.6754e+02   7.3219
## mysic3460                            -2.7757e+02  1.5789e+03  -0.1758
## mysic3357                            -2.0707e+02  9.3255e+02  -0.2220
## mysic5150                            -8.3952e+02  1.6529e+03  -0.5079
## mysic3949                            -2.7867e+02  8.2387e+02  -0.3382
## mysic3231                            -8.7235e+02  1.6526e+03  -0.5279
## mysic3571                             5.9604e+03  8.1959e+02   7.2723
## mysic3559                             4.1125e+02  5.1523e+02   0.7982
## mysic3640                            -1.2593e+02  6.3287e+02  -0.1990
## mysic2070                            -1.0506e+03  1.4587e+03  -0.7202
## mysic3523                            -6.2123e+02  8.8496e+02  -0.7020
## mysic3714                            -2.0771e+03  5.6527e+02  -3.6745
## mysic3560                             2.9530e+01  7.3760e+02   0.0400
## mysic2911                             3.2608e+03  1.2059e+03   2.7039
## mysic3679                             5.2483e+02  5.4654e+02   0.9603
## mysic7374                             2.7467e+03  8.0175e+02   3.4259
## mysic2670                             2.4212e+03  6.7771e+02   3.5726
## mysic3824                            -3.4875e+02  1.1085e+03  -0.3146
## mysic3533                             3.9539e+03  8.7581e+02   4.5146
## mysic3411                            -2.8516e+02  1.1130e+03  -0.2562
## mysic2430                            -4.8823e+02  2.5659e+03  -0.1903
## mysic3011                            -3.6946e+03  9.8234e+02  -3.7610
## mysic2750                            -3.9952e+02  1.3294e+03  -0.3005
## mysic4731                             1.6677e+01  1.7356e+03   0.0096
## mysic3140                            -3.8469e+01  1.1504e+03  -0.0334
## mysic3677                            -3.0789e+02  1.5159e+03  -0.2031
## mysic3826                             7.3693e+02  5.4509e+02   1.3519
## mysic3842                             1.1420e+03  5.0808e+02   2.2478
## mysic8742                             1.5237e+02  1.5792e+03   0.0965
## mysic3540                             3.5501e+03  8.3944e+02   4.2291
## mysic3721                            -2.7073e+04  1.8523e+03 -14.6160
## mysic5110                            -1.2574e+03  1.8379e+03  -0.6841
## mysic3829                             9.1638e+01  6.2491e+02   0.1466
## mysic3845                             1.6066e+03  4.8436e+02   3.3169
## mysic3990                             4.0854e+01  7.7787e+02   0.0525
## mysic3510                            -1.2629e+03  8.6810e+02  -1.4547
## mysic3330                             1.0012e+03  1.2932e+03   0.7742
## mysic7373                            -2.8664e+02  4.8596e+02  -0.5898
## mysic3448                            -6.9744e+02  1.9579e+03  -0.3562
## mysic3531                            -4.6556e+02  7.6165e+02  -0.6113
## mysic2842                             3.6318e+03  9.9271e+02   3.6585
## mysic2030                             3.5151e+03  1.1782e+03   2.9835
## mysic2890                             2.5880e+02  6.6138e+02   0.3913
## mysic5122                            -8.3717e+03  1.1687e+03  -7.1633
## mysic3312                            -1.0039e+02  8.3416e+02  -0.1204
## mysic3537                            -8.1719e+02  1.0212e+03  -0.8003
## mysic3678                             1.3477e+03  9.4371e+02   1.4280
## mysic3290                            -6.0944e+02  8.8481e+02  -0.6888
## mysic3669                            -5.5694e+01  7.4543e+02  -0.0747
## mysic2200                            -5.6875e+02  2.3024e+03  -0.2470
## mysic2840                            -4.4599e+01  1.0380e+03  -0.0430
## mysic1000                            -2.6626e+02  2.5681e+03  -0.1037
## mysic3590                            -8.3262e+02  1.4603e+03  -0.5702
## mysic4899                            -2.6483e+02  8.6173e+02  -0.3073
## mysic7371                            -1.6912e+02  1.5783e+03  -0.1072
## mysic7381                            -1.8414e+02  2.1072e+03  -0.0874
## mysic2000                             2.2474e+03  9.7530e+02   2.3043
## mysic2621                             3.4687e+03  9.0855e+02   3.8178
## mysic3851                             4.5477e+02  9.2187e+02   0.4933
## mysic2082                             3.7225e+02  2.9549e+03   0.1260
## mysic2820                            -2.3825e+03  9.8138e+02  -2.4277
## mysic3950                             1.6696e+01  1.5153e+03   0.0110
## mysic3572                             3.2026e+02  5.8493e+02   0.5475
## mysic3827                             3.2635e+02  7.0801e+02   0.4609
## mysic2780                            -3.6957e+02  1.5165e+03  -0.2437
## mysic3843                             8.5580e+02  9.0172e+02   0.9491
## mysic2835                             5.1571e+02  5.7337e+02   0.8994
## mysic3578                            -3.7128e+02  7.9484e+02  -0.4671
## mysic1382                            -1.1745e+02  1.8365e+03  -0.0640
## mysic2821                            -2.5205e+03  7.3990e+02  -3.4066
## mysic2711                             2.2613e+03  2.1078e+03   1.0729
## mysic3561                             5.3852e+02  8.3154e+02   0.6476
## mysic3861                            -2.5144e+03  8.3095e+02  -3.0259
## mysic3620                             1.0823e+02  6.8464e+02   0.1581
## mysic3690                             6.1906e+01  6.3159e+02   0.0980
## mysic2950                            -4.0642e+02  3.6080e+03  -0.1126
## mysic3600                             9.7023e+03  1.5315e+03   6.3350
## mysic3576                             1.3804e+02  5.6491e+02   0.2444
## mysic2860                            -6.8598e+02  7.8907e+02  -0.8694
## mysic2800                            -2.9454e+02  1.2009e+03  -0.2453
## mysic3569                             3.0873e+02  7.4534e+02   0.4142
## mysic2851                            -3.3096e+01  8.2602e+02  -0.0401
## mysic2510                             1.1647e+01  8.7704e+02   0.0133
## mysic2050                            -5.2568e+01  1.9574e+03  -0.0269
## mysic5051                            -4.7109e+02  5.0872e+03  -0.0926
## mysic2891                            -3.1325e+02  1.2914e+03  -0.2426
## mysic3760                            -6.2908e+02  1.0079e+03  -0.6242
## mysic3579                             4.4316e+02  1.4115e+03   0.3140
## mysic3790                             2.0898e+02  9.3675e+02   0.2231
## mysic2040                             4.5373e+03  8.9950e+02   5.0442
## mysic3443                            -2.3004e+02  1.0205e+03  -0.2254
## mysic3672                             1.1661e+03  1.0120e+03   1.1522
## mysic1389                             4.1393e+03  9.7017e+02   4.2666
## mysic2221                            -1.5012e+02  1.4106e+03  -0.1064
## mysic3390                             5.2206e+02  1.5166e+03   0.3442
## mysic3944                            -2.2204e+02  1.0518e+03  -0.2111
## mysic3724                            -2.2087e+02  1.0524e+03  -0.2099
## mysic1381                             2.6410e+03  2.9561e+03   0.8934
## mysic2060                             5.7105e+03  1.5182e+03   3.7615
## mysic3570                            -1.5276e+04  2.0650e+03  -7.3977
## mysic2590                             6.1844e+02  3.6074e+03   0.1714
## mysic2522                            -3.8013e+02  9.8033e+02  -0.3878
## mysic2011                             1.4303e+02  1.3325e+03   0.1073
## mysic3021                             2.5908e+02  1.4608e+03   0.1774
## mysic2611                            -3.0587e+02  1.2314e+03  -0.2484
## mysic8700                            -4.7600e+02  1.6515e+03  -0.2882
## mysic1623                            -6.2153e+01  1.5791e+03  -0.0394
## mysic3442                            -4.9489e+02  1.5159e+03  -0.3265
## mysic2273                            -1.2478e+02  1.9568e+03  -0.0638
## mysic3711                            -2.1387e+03  1.0089e+03  -2.1198
## mysic7990                             2.4788e+03  1.1519e+03   2.1520
## mysic2631                             1.1715e+03  9.3361e+02   1.2548
## mysic2531                            -3.6153e+03  9.0337e+02  -4.0020
## mysic5080                            -3.2526e+02  1.5153e+03  -0.2147
## mysic2330                            -9.7009e+02  3.6078e+03  -0.2689
## mysic3821                             1.6655e+02  1.0053e+03   0.1657
## mysic3577                            -6.3310e+02  5.5572e+02  -1.1392
## mysic3080                            -2.9047e+02  1.1075e+03  -0.2623
## mysic2540                            -6.7872e+02  1.9572e+03  -0.3468
## mysic3651                            -5.5167e+02  8.6732e+02  -0.6361
## mysic3730                            -4.2674e+02  1.9573e+03  -0.2180
## mysic2990                            -9.1076e+02  1.0067e+03  -0.9047
## mysic3530                            -1.1971e+02  1.1517e+03  -0.1039
## mysic3470                            -5.3693e+02  1.5166e+03  -0.3540
## mysic3942                             1.2351e+03  1.5161e+03   0.8146
## mysic7011                            -1.1422e+02  1.6507e+03  -0.0692
## mysic3630                            -2.8958e+03  9.4640e+02  -3.0598
## mysic2090                             1.5490e+03  1.2915e+03   1.1994
## mysic3567                             2.5230e+02  2.9540e+03   0.0854
## mysic2520                            -2.8793e+00  1.5799e+03  -0.0018
## mysic3320                            -1.3136e+03  5.0879e+03  -0.2582
## mysic3562                            -4.9903e+02  1.1079e+03  -0.4504
## mysic7200                            -5.0780e+02  2.1068e+03  -0.2410
## mysic3310                            -5.7231e+02  3.6076e+03  -0.1586
## mysic1311                             1.4805e+03  2.5717e+03   0.5757
## mysic3221                             3.4768e+02  1.5180e+03   0.2290
## mysic3452                            -3.5311e+02  1.6515e+03  -0.2138
## mysic2080                             5.4332e+04  3.0254e+03  17.9585
## mysic2111                             1.0044e+03  1.1787e+03   0.8521
## mysic3613                            -1.7742e+02  1.0524e+03  -0.1686
## mysic2052                            -8.8889e+03  5.0920e+03  -1.7457
## mysic3334                             1.1009e+03  5.0881e+03   0.2164
## mysic5411                            -5.5022e+02  1.5176e+03  -0.3626
## mysic2033                             1.2527e+03  1.9582e+03   0.6397
## mysic2650                            -1.6561e+02  1.3308e+03  -0.1244
## mysic2761                            -6.2644e+02  1.5158e+03  -0.4133
## mysic3480                            -1.3081e+02  9.8032e+02  -0.1334
## mysic3317                            -4.7226e+02  1.5162e+03  -0.3115
## mysic3580                            -2.3608e+02  9.7892e+02  -0.2412
## mysic5084                            -8.2013e+02  5.0872e+03  -0.1612
## mysic3720                             6.8634e+03  1.5724e+03   4.3649
## mysic3440                             1.2663e+02  1.5160e+03   0.0835
## mysic1400                             1.2482e+03  8.4804e+02   1.4719
## mysic3575                            -7.3539e+02  2.9544e+03  -0.2489
## mysic3060                             3.2807e+01  2.1081e+03   0.0156
## mysic3716                            -3.6336e+02  1.5190e+03  -0.2392
## mysic3081                            -5.5738e+02  9.3462e+02  -0.5964
## mysic8071                            -2.8455e+02  1.1744e+03  -0.2423
## mysic3751                             7.0786e+03  1.5160e+03   4.6693
## mysic2320                             7.4210e+02  2.9541e+03   0.2512
## mysic4941                            -3.3161e+02  3.6085e+03  -0.0919
## mysic3555                            -1.9708e+02  1.2907e+03  -0.1527
## mysic3532                             3.3206e+03  1.8358e+03   1.8088
## mysic5040                             2.0117e+03  2.5665e+03   0.7838
## mysic3695                            -7.4287e+02  1.5162e+03  -0.4900
## mysic2833                            -5.7948e+01  1.0520e+03  -0.0551
## mysic8734                            -2.0019e+02  1.5158e+03  -0.1321
## mysic5961                             1.4292e+03  9.1393e+02   1.5638
## mysic3541                             1.0130e+01  1.5787e+03   0.0064
## mysic8090                            -5.1873e+01  1.1738e+03  -0.0442
## mysic4833                            -2.1281e+02  1.7348e+03  -0.1227
## mysic8731                             7.0887e+02  8.4587e+02   0.8380
## mysic8741                            -3.9919e+02  3.6081e+03  -0.1106
## mysic3715                            -7.5525e+02  1.5182e+03  -0.4975
## mysic4991                            -5.3453e+02  1.9596e+03  -0.2728
## mysic4888                             6.8594e+04  1.8018e+03  38.0693
## mysic5912                            -8.9566e+02  5.0875e+03  -0.1761
## mysic8200                            -1.3399e+02  1.8349e+03  -0.0730
## mysic5812                             8.3580e+03  1.0963e+03   7.6236
## mysic3550                            -2.2762e+02  1.0873e+03  -0.2094
## mysic4955                            -2.1985e+02  2.1074e+03  -0.1043
## mysic2741                             1.0293e+02  1.7353e+03   0.0593
## mysic3220                            -3.8055e+02  1.7360e+03  -0.2192
## mysic3341                            -1.1809e+02  1.5155e+03  -0.0779
## mysic3100                             2.9018e+02  1.5153e+03   0.1915
## mysic5045                             1.7089e+02  1.4604e+03   0.1170
## mysic3086                            -4.7046e+02  3.6082e+03  -0.1304
## mysic2511                            -6.7567e+02  5.0873e+03  -0.1328
## mysic3360                             2.7180e+02  1.5160e+03   0.1793
## mysic4832                             3.2530e+03  2.5670e+03   1.2672
## mysic4841                             6.0819e+03  1.4116e+03   4.3086
## mysic3743                            -6.3142e+01  1.4609e+03  -0.0432
## mysic7389                             3.8911e+02  1.2920e+03   0.3012
## mysic7310                            -3.3349e+00  1.5791e+03  -0.0021
## mysic2020                            -1.1708e+03  2.9575e+03  -0.3959
## mysic4812                            -5.1406e+02  2.3020e+03  -0.2233
## mysic8721                             1.0285e+02  2.1074e+03   0.0488
## mysic7359                             3.5618e+03  2.5681e+03   1.3869
## mysic2400                            -7.7670e+01  1.9567e+03  -0.0397
## mysic1220                             4.1031e+03  2.3055e+03   1.7797
## mysic4822                             4.7543e+02  2.1079e+03   0.2256
## mysic4700                            -3.0955e+02  5.0869e+03  -0.0609
## mysic7841                             1.4089e+03  2.5681e+03   0.5486
## mysic3050                             5.9097e+01  2.5661e+03   0.0230
## xrd.within:RecoverableSlack.within   -6.5153e+00  2.5741e+00  -2.5311
## xrd.between:RecoverableSlack.between -1.4597e+00  1.1209e+00  -1.3022
##                                       Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                          0.0020140 ** 
## xrd.between                          < 2.2e-16 ***
## xrd.within                           5.037e-07 ***
## RecoverableSlack.within              0.0203190 *  
## RecoverableSlack.between             3.338e-07 ***
## ni                                   < 2.2e-16 ***
## cogs                                 < 2.2e-16 ***
## dv                                   < 2.2e-16 ***
## myyear2000                           0.8990327    
## myyear2001                           0.4718359    
## myyear2002                           0.0001166 ***
## myyear2003                           0.2318288    
## myyear2004                           0.2947918    
## myyear2005                           0.2802865    
## myyear2006                           0.7677218    
## myyear2007                           0.7835600    
## myyear2008                           3.739e-11 ***
## myyear2009                           0.0017563 ** 
## myyear2010                           0.4237280    
## mysic2834                            0.0551481 .  
## mysic3564                            0.7400353    
## mysic3825                            0.7585497    
## mysic3670                            0.8094748    
## mysic5160                            0.2757676    
## mysic3612                            0.9337470    
## mysic3420                            0.0016694 ** 
## mysic7372                            0.0854395 .  
## mysic3844                            0.9968010    
## mysic3674                            0.9600945    
## mysic3812                            0.3326536    
## mysic2810                            0.0423062 *  
## mysic3841                            0.0821536 .  
## mysic2844                            9.526e-16 ***
## mysic2870                            0.9912045    
## mysic3663                            0.9643840    
## mysic3728                            0.2992641    
## mysic3350                            0.0003435 ***
## mysic3089                            0.9325364    
## mysic3490                            0.3883286    
## mysic7370                            2.336e-07 ***
## mysic7380                            0.8794134    
## mysic3621                            0.9762246    
## mysic3585                            0.6805990    
## mysic4813                            1.581e-08 ***
## mysic3270                            0.9195504    
## mysic3823                            0.0508823 .  
## mysic2836                            2.620e-13 ***
## mysic3460                            0.8604525    
## mysic3357                            0.8242838    
## mysic5150                            0.6115272    
## mysic3949                            0.7351880    
## mysic3231                            0.5976049    
## mysic3571                            3.780e-13 ***
## mysic3559                            0.4247870    
## mysic3640                            0.8422795    
## mysic2070                            0.4714148    
## mysic3523                            0.4827032    
## mysic3714                            0.0002394 ***
## mysic3560                            0.9680655    
## mysic2911                            0.0068634 ** 
## mysic3679                            0.3369324    
## mysic7374                            0.0006151 ***
## mysic2670                            0.0003550 ***
## mysic3824                            0.7530639    
## mysic3533                            6.410e-06 ***
## mysic3411                            0.7977906    
## mysic2430                            0.8490974    
## mysic3011                            0.0001701 ***
## mysic2750                            0.7637811    
## mysic4731                            0.9923336    
## mysic3140                            0.9733232    
## mysic3677                            0.8390512    
## mysic3826                            0.1764200    
## mysic3842                            0.0246117 *  
## mysic8742                            0.9231361    
## mysic3540                            2.365e-05 ***
## mysic3721                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic5110                            0.4938984    
## mysic3829                            0.8834169    
## mysic3845                            0.0009132 ***
## mysic3990                            0.9581150    
## mysic3510                            0.1457735    
## mysic3330                            0.4388300    
## mysic7373                            0.5553190    
## mysic3448                            0.7216859    
## mysic3531                            0.5410440    
## mysic2842                            0.0002550 ***
## mysic2030                            0.0028557 ** 
## mysic2890                            0.6955765    
## mysic5122                            8.389e-13 ***
## mysic3312                            0.9042071    
## mysic3537                            0.4235828    
## mysic3678                            0.1533066    
## mysic3290                            0.4909771    
## mysic3669                            0.9404441    
## mysic2200                            0.8048947    
## mysic2840                            0.9657306    
## mysic1000                            0.9174247    
## mysic3590                            0.5685809    
## mysic4899                            0.7586046    
## mysic7371                            0.9146673    
## mysic7381                            0.9303692    
## mysic2000                            0.0212246 *  
## mysic2621                            0.0001354 ***
## mysic3851                            0.6218013    
## mysic2082                            0.8997512    
## mysic2820                            0.0152113 *  
## mysic3950                            0.9912087    
## mysic3572                            0.5840405    
## mysic3827                            0.6448536    
## mysic2780                            0.8074704    
## mysic3843                            0.3425994    
## mysic2835                            0.3684412    
## mysic3578                            0.6404328    
## mysic1382                            0.9490103    
## mysic2821                            0.0006602 ***
## mysic2711                            0.2833615    
## mysic3561                            0.5172462    
## mysic3861                            0.0024849 ** 
## mysic3620                            0.8743971    
## mysic3690                            0.9219210    
## mysic2950                            0.9103150    
## mysic3600                            2.468e-10 ***
## mysic3576                            0.8069596    
## mysic2860                            0.3846714    
## mysic2800                            0.8062505    
## mysic3569                            0.6787293    
## mysic2851                            0.9680403    
## mysic2510                            0.9894049    
## mysic2050                            0.9785756    
## mysic5051                            0.9262203    
## mysic2891                            0.8083400    
## mysic3760                            0.5325301    
## mysic3579                            0.7535506    
## mysic3790                            0.8234725    
## mysic2040                            4.629e-07 ***
## mysic3443                            0.8216474    
## mysic3672                            0.2492488    
## mysic1389                            2.002e-05 ***
## mysic2221                            0.9152501    
## mysic3390                            0.7306742    
## mysic3944                            0.8328052    
## mysic3724                            0.8337736    
## mysic1381                            0.3716514    
## mysic2060                            0.0001698 ***
## mysic3570                            1.489e-13 ***
## mysic2590                            0.8638815    
## mysic2522                            0.6982044    
## mysic2011                            0.9145231    
## mysic3021                            0.8592327    
## mysic2611                            0.8038279    
## mysic8700                            0.7731835    
## mysic1623                            0.9686046    
## mysic3442                            0.7440788    
## mysic2273                            0.9491571    
## mysic3711                            0.0340447 *  
## mysic7990                            0.0314171 *  
## mysic2631                            0.2095752    
## mysic2531                            6.324e-05 ***
## mysic5080                            0.8300438    
## mysic2330                            0.7880224    
## mysic3821                            0.8684171    
## mysic3577                            0.2546291    
## mysic3080                            0.7931058    
## mysic2540                            0.7287692    
## mysic3651                            0.5247471    
## mysic3730                            0.8274150    
## mysic2990                            0.3656368    
## mysic3530                            0.9172158    
## mysic3470                            0.7233166    
## mysic3942                            0.4153129    
## mysic7011                            0.9448393    
## mysic3630                            0.0022206 ** 
## mysic2090                            0.2304019    
## mysic3567                            0.9319377    
## mysic2520                            0.9985459    
## mysic3320                            0.7962780    
## mysic3562                            0.6524096    
## mysic7200                            0.8095400    
## mysic3310                            0.8739568    
## mysic1311                            0.5648451    
## mysic3221                            0.8188505    
## mysic3452                            0.8306931    
## mysic2080                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic2111                            0.3941769    
## mysic3613                            0.8661201    
## mysic2052                            0.0808971 .  
## mysic3334                            0.8287105    
## mysic5411                            0.7169437    
## mysic2033                            0.5223898    
## mysic2650                            0.9009669    
## mysic2761                            0.6794122    
## mysic3480                            0.8938487    
## mysic3317                            0.7554398    
## mysic3580                            0.8094324    
## mysic5084                            0.8719285    
## mysic3720                            1.284e-05 ***
## mysic3440                            0.9334368    
## mysic1400                            0.1410781    
## mysic3575                            0.8034289    
## mysic3060                            0.9875839    
## mysic3716                            0.8109443    
## mysic3081                            0.5509411    
## mysic8071                            0.8085605    
## mysic3751                            3.059e-06 ***
## mysic2320                            0.8016533    
## mysic4941                            0.9267799    
## mysic3555                            0.8786422    
## mysic3532                            0.0705080 .  
## mysic5040                            0.4331484    
## mysic3695                            0.6241701    
## mysic2833                            0.9560733    
## mysic8734                            0.8949351    
## mysic5961                            0.1179035    
## mysic3541                            0.9948805    
## mysic8090                            0.9647513    
## mysic4833                            0.9023710    
## mysic8731                            0.4020291    
## mysic8741                            0.9119055    
## mysic3715                            0.6188716    
## mysic4991                            0.7850317    
## mysic4888                            < 2.2e-16 ***
## mysic5912                            0.8602574    
## mysic8200                            0.9417884    
## mysic5812                            2.675e-14 ***
## mysic3550                            0.8341755    
## mysic4955                            0.9169179    
## mysic2741                            0.9527027    
## mysic3220                            0.8264942    
## mysic3341                            0.9378935    
## mysic3100                            0.8481418    
## mysic5045                            0.9068478    
## mysic3086                            0.8962654    
## mysic2511                            0.8943420    
## mysic3360                            0.8577128    
## mysic4832                            0.2051026    
## mysic4841                            1.657e-05 ***
## mysic3743                            0.9655255    
## mysic7389                            0.7632964    
## mysic7310                            0.9983150    
## mysic2020                            0.6922095    
## mysic4812                            0.8232976    
## mysic8721                            0.9610754    
## mysic7359                            0.1654918    
## mysic2400                            0.9683376    
## mysic1220                            0.0751539 .  
## mysic4822                            0.8215542    
## mysic4700                            0.9514783    
## mysic7841                            0.5832741    
## mysic3050                            0.9816269    
## xrd.within:RecoverableSlack.within   0.0113861 *  
## xrd.between:RecoverableSlack.between 0.1928619    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    1.1589e+12
## Residual Sum of Squares: 2.7571e+11
## R-Squared:      0.76209
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.75653
## F-statistic: 136.953 on 251 and 10731 DF, p-value: < 2.22e-16