1 Set my working directory and read in the training and test sets.

setwd("~/Desktop/Titanic Dataset")

train <- read_csv("~/Desktop/Titanic Dataset/train.csv")
names(train)
##  [1] "PassengerId" "Survived"    "Pclass"      "Name"        "Sex"        
##  [6] "Age"         "SibSp"       "Parch"       "Ticket"      "Fare"       
## [11] "Cabin"       "Embarked"
sum(is.na(train$PassengerId)) # PassengerId should be discarded
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Survived))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Pclass))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Name)) # Name should be discarded
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Sex))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Age)) # There are 177 missing ages
## [1] 177
sum(is.na(train$SibSp))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Parch))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Ticket))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Fare))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(train$Cabin)) # There are 687 missing observations
## [1] 687
sum(is.na(train$Embarked)) # There are 2 missing observations
## [1] 2
train<-data.frame(train)
train<-data.frame(train[,c("Survived", "Pclass", "Sex", "Age", "SibSp", "Parch", "Ticket", "Fare", "Cabin", "Embarked")])

train$Survived<-factor(train$Survived)
train$Pclass<-factor(train$Pclass)
train$Sex<-factor(train$Sex)
train$SibSp<-factor(train$SibSp)
train$Parch<-factor(train$Parch)
train$Embarked<-factor(train$Embarked)

summary(train)
##  Survived Pclass      Sex           Age        SibSp   Parch  
##  0:549    1:216   female:314   Min.   : 0.42   0:608   0:678  
##  1:342    2:184   male  :577   1st Qu.:20.12   1:209   1:118  
##           3:491                Median :28.00   2: 28   2: 80  
##                                Mean   :29.70   3: 16   3:  5  
##                                3rd Qu.:38.00   4: 18   4:  4  
##                                Max.   :80.00   5:  5   5:  5  
##                                NA's   :177     8:  7   6:  1  
##     Ticket               Fare           Cabin           Embarked  
##  Length:891         Min.   :  0.00   Length:891         C   :168  
##  Class :character   1st Qu.:  7.91   Class :character   Q   : 77  
##  Mode  :character   Median : 14.45   Mode  :character   S   :644  
##                     Mean   : 32.20                      NA's:  2  
##                     3rd Qu.: 31.00                                
##                     Max.   :512.33                                
## 

2 Have a quick look at the data to do quick and fast variable selection

train<-data.frame(train[,c("Survived", "Pclass", "Sex", "Age", "SibSp", "Parch", "Fare", "Embarked")]) # Some variables have been removed to get a better picture

ggpairs(train, aes(colour=Survived))

# Plot each variable independently

ggpairs(train[, c("Survived", "Sex")], aes(colour=Survived))

ggpairs(train[, c("Survived", "Pclass")], aes(colour=Survived))

ggpairs(train[, c("Survived", "Age")], aes(colour=Survived))

ggpairs(train[, c("Survived", "SibSp")], aes(colour=Survived))

ggpairs(train[, c("Survived", "Parch")], aes(colour=Survived))

ggpairs(train[, c("Survived", "Fare")], aes(colour=Survived))

ggpairs(train[, c("Survived", "Embarked")], aes(colour=Survived))

3 Start by one hot coding sex and pclass for and SVM.

  Data1<-data.frame(train[, c("Survived", "Sex", "Pclass")])
  
  # One hot encode the Sex
  
  cat.variable<-subset(Data1, select = -c(Survived, Pclass))
  ohe.Data1<-data.frame(model.matrix(~Sex-1, cat.variable), Survived=Data1$Survived, Pclass=Data1$Pclass)
  ohe.Data1
##     Sexfemale Sexmale Survived Pclass
## 1           0       1        0      3
## 2           1       0        1      1
## 3           1       0        1      3
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## 572         1       0        1      1
## 573         0       1        1      1
## 574         1       0        1      3
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## 708         0       1        1      1
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## 711         1       0        1      1
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## 721         1       0        1      2
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## 727         1       0        1      2
## 728         1       0        1      3
## 729         0       1        0      2
## 730         1       0        0      3
## 731         1       0        1      1
## 732         0       1        0      3
## 733         0       1        0      2
## 734         0       1        0      2
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## 736         0       1        0      3
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## 738         0       1        1      1
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## 741         0       1        1      1
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## 746         0       1        0      1
## 747         0       1        0      3
## 748         1       0        1      2
## 749         0       1        0      1
## 750         0       1        0      3
## 751         1       0        1      2
## 752         0       1        1      3
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## 760         1       0        1      1
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## 829         0       1        1      3
## 830         1       0        1      1
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## 836         1       0        1      1
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## 838         0       1        0      3
## 839         0       1        1      3
## 840         0       1        1      1
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## 842         0       1        0      2
## 843         1       0        1      1
## 844         0       1        0      3
## 845         0       1        0      3
## 846         0       1        0      3
## 847         0       1        0      3
## 848         0       1        0      3
## 849         0       1        0      2
## 850         1       0        1      1
## 851         0       1        0      3
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## 857         1       0        1      1
## 858         0       1        1      1
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## 884         0       1        0      2
## 885         0       1        0      3
## 886         1       0        0      3
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## 888         1       0        1      1
## 889         1       0        0      3
## 890         0       1        1      1
## 891         0       1        0      3
  # One hot encode the Pclass
  
  cat.variable<-subset(ohe.Data1, select = -c(Survived, Sexfemale, Sexmale))
  ohe.Data2<-data.frame(model.matrix(~Pclass-1, cat.variable), Sexfemale=ohe.Data1$Sexfemale, Sexmale=ohe.Data1$Sexmale, Survived=ohe.Data1$Survived)
  ohe.Data2
##     Pclass1 Pclass2 Pclass3 Sexfemale Sexmale Survived
## 1         0       0       1         0       1        0
## 2         1       0       0         1       0        1
## 3         0       0       1         1       0        1
## 4         1       0       0         1       0        1
## 5         0       0       1         0       1        0
## 6         0       0       1         0       1        0
## 7         1       0       0         0       1        0
## 8         0       0       1         0       1        0
## 9         0       0       1         1       0        1
## 10        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 11        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 12        1       0       0         1       0        1
## 13        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 14        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 15        0       0       1         1       0        0
## 16        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 17        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 18        0       1       0         0       1        1
## 19        0       0       1         1       0        0
## 20        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 21        0       1       0         0       1        0
## 22        0       1       0         0       1        1
## 23        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 24        1       0       0         0       1        1
## 25        0       0       1         1       0        0
## 26        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 27        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 28        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 29        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 30        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 31        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 32        1       0       0         1       0        1
## 33        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 34        0       1       0         0       1        0
## 35        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 36        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 37        0       0       1         0       1        1
## 38        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 39        0       0       1         1       0        0
## 40        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 41        0       0       1         1       0        0
## 42        0       1       0         1       0        0
## 43        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 44        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 45        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 46        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 47        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 48        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 49        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 50        0       0       1         1       0        0
## 51        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 52        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 53        1       0       0         1       0        1
## 54        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 55        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 56        1       0       0         0       1        1
## 57        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 58        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 59        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 60        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 61        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 62        1       0       0         1       0        1
## 63        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 64        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 65        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 66        0       0       1         0       1        1
## 67        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 68        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 69        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 70        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 71        0       1       0         0       1        0
## 72        0       0       1         1       0        0
## 73        0       1       0         0       1        0
## 74        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 75        0       0       1         0       1        1
## 76        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 77        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 78        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 79        0       1       0         0       1        1
## 80        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 81        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 82        0       0       1         0       1        1
## 83        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 84        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 85        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 86        0       0       1         1       0        1
## 87        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 88        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 89        1       0       0         1       0        1
## 90        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 91        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 92        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 93        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 94        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 95        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 96        0       0       1         0       1        0
## 97        1       0       0         0       1        0
## 98        1       0       0         0       1        1
## 99        0       1       0         1       0        1
## 100       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 101       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 102       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 103       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 104       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 105       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 106       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 107       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 108       0       0       1         0       1        1
## 109       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 110       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 111       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 112       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 113       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 114       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 115       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 116       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 117       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 118       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 119       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 120       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 121       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 122       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 123       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 124       0       1       0         1       0        1
## 125       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 126       0       0       1         0       1        1
## 127       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 128       0       0       1         0       1        1
## 129       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 130       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 131       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 132       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 133       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 134       0       1       0         1       0        1
## 135       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 136       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 137       1       0       0         1       0        1
## 138       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 139       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 140       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 141       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 142       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 143       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 144       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 145       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 146       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 147       0       0       1         0       1        1
## 148       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 149       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 150       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 151       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 152       1       0       0         1       0        1
## 153       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 154       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 155       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 156       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 157       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 158       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 159       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 160       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 161       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 162       0       1       0         1       0        1
## 163       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 164       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 165       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 166       0       0       1         0       1        1
## 167       1       0       0         1       0        1
## 168       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 169       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 170       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 171       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 172       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 173       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 174       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 175       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 176       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 177       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 178       1       0       0         1       0        0
## 179       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 180       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 181       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 182       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 183       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 184       0       1       0         0       1        1
## 185       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 186       1       0       0         0       1        0
## 187       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 188       1       0       0         0       1        1
## 189       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 190       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 191       0       1       0         1       0        1
## 192       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 193       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 194       0       1       0         0       1        1
## 195       1       0       0         1       0        1
## 196       1       0       0         1       0        1
## 197       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 198       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 199       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 200       0       1       0         1       0        0
## 201       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 202       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 203       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 204       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 205       0       0       1         0       1        1
## 206       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 207       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 208       0       0       1         0       1        1
## 209       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 210       1       0       0         0       1        1
## 211       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 212       0       1       0         1       0        1
## 213       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 214       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 215       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 216       1       0       0         1       0        1
## 217       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 218       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 219       1       0       0         1       0        1
## 220       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 221       0       0       1         0       1        1
## 222       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 223       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 224       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 225       1       0       0         0       1        1
## 226       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 227       0       1       0         0       1        1
## 228       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 229       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 230       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 231       1       0       0         1       0        1
## 232       0       0       1         0       1        0
## 233       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 234       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 235       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 236       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 237       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 238       0       1       0         1       0        1
## 239       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 240       0       1       0         0       1        0
## 241       0       0       1         1       0        0
## 242       0       0       1         1       0        1
## 243       0       1       0         0       1        0
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4 Quick clean up for the data and preperation for data splitting (cross-validation) - using ohe.Data2

set.seed(1)

train.index<-createDataPartition(ohe.Data2$Survived, p=0.8, list = FALSE)
train.set<-ohe.Data2[train.index, ]
test.set<-ohe.Data2[-train.index, ]

# Stratify the training set into 5 folds

set.seed(1)
folds <- createFolds(y=factor(train.set$Survived), k = 5, list = FALSE)
train.set$fold <- folds

5 Quick Linear SVM classification

  CV.error<-NULL 
  
  for (i in 1:5) { 
    valid.data <- subset(train.set, fold == 1)
    train.data <- subset(train.set, fold != 1) 
    
    svmfit<-svm(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale ,data = train.data, kernel="linear", cost=100 ,scale=FALSE)
    svm.y<-valid.data$Survived
    svm.predy<-predict(svmfit, valid.data)
    
    ith.test.error<- mean(svm.y!=svm.predy) 
    CV.error<-c(CV.error,(nrow(valid.data)/nrow(train.set))*ith.test.error)  
  }
  
  sum(CV.error)
## [1] 0.1890756

Not bad for 20 mins work.

Optimization of the linear SVM is problematic.

6 Quick Polynomial SVM classification

  CV.error<-NULL 
  
  for (i in 1:5) { 
    valid.data <- subset(train.set, fold == i)
    train.data <- subset(train.set, fold != i) 
    
    svmfit<-svm(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale ,data = train.data, kernel="polynomial", cost=100 , gamma = 1, degree = 1, scale= FALSE)
    svm.y<-valid.data$Survived
    svm.predy<-predict(svmfit, valid.data)
    
    ith.test.error<- mean(svm.y!=svm.predy) 
    CV.error<-c(CV.error,(nrow(valid.data)/nrow(train.set))*ith.test.error)  
  }
  
  sum(CV.error)
## [1] 0.2086835
svm_fit_bayes<-function(logCost, Degree){
  
   CV.error<-NULL 
  
    for (i in 1:5) { 
    valid.data <- subset(train.set, fold == i)
    train.data <- subset(train.set, fold != i) 
    
    svmfit<-svm(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale, data = train.data, kernel="polynomial", cost=exp(logCost), gamma=1, degree=Degree)
    
    svm.y<-valid.data$Survived
    
    svm.predy<-predict(svmfit, valid.data)
    
    ith.test.error<- mean(svm.y!=svm.predy) 
    
    CV.error<-c(CV.error,(nrow(valid.data)/nrow(train.set))*ith.test.error)  
    }
   
   list(Score=-sum(CV.error), pred=0)

}

set.seed(1)

OPT_Res<- BayesianOptimization(svm_fit_bayes, bounds= list(logCost = c(-5, 20),
                                                           Degree = c(1L, 5L)),
                               init_grid_dt = NULL, init_points = 5, 
                               n_iter = 5, acq = "ucb", kappa =2.576,
                               eps=0, verbose = TRUE)
## elapsed = 0.09   Round = 1   logCost = 1.6377    Degree = 5.0000 Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.09   Round = 2   logCost = 4.3031    Degree = 5.0000 Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.09   Round = 3   logCost = 9.3213    Degree = 4.0000 Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.75   Round = 4   logCost = 17.7052   Degree = 4.0000 Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.08   Round = 5   logCost = 0.0420    Degree = 1.0000 Value = -0.2087 
## elapsed = 0.09   Round = 6   logCost = 17.1810   Degree = 2.0000 Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.08   Round = 7   logCost = 6.0544    Degree = 5.0000 Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 71.84  Round = 8   logCost = 14.1719   Degree = 1.0000 Value = -0.2507 
## elapsed = 0.07   Round = 9   logCost = 0.4755    Degree = 1.0000 Value = -0.2087 
## elapsed = 0.08   Round = 10  logCost = 0.0063    Degree = 1.0000 Value = -0.2087 
## 
##  Best Parameters Found: 
## Round = 5    logCost = 0.0420    Degree = 1.0000 Value = -0.2087

I’ve stopped the polynomial being reduced to degree 1.

7 Quick Radial SVM classification

  CV.error<-NULL 
  
  for (i in 1:5) { 
    valid.data <- subset(train.set, fold == i)
    train.data <- subset(train.set, fold != i) 
    
    svmfit<-svm(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale ,data = train.data, kernel="radial", cost=1538065 , gamma = 0.5, scale= FALSE)
    svm.y<-valid.data$Survived
    svm.predy<-predict(svmfit, valid.data)
    
    ith.test.error<- mean(svm.y!=svm.predy) 
    CV.error<-c(CV.error,(nrow(valid.data)/nrow(train.set))*ith.test.error)  
  }
  
  sum(CV.error)
## [1] 0.2240896
svm_fit_bayes<-function(logCost, logGamma){
  
   CV.error<-NULL 
  
    for (i in 1:5) { 
    valid.data <- subset(train.set, fold == i)
    train.data <- subset(train.set, fold != i) 
    
    svmfit<-svm(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale, data = train.data, kernel="radial", cost=exp(logCost), gamma=exp(logGamma), scale= FALSE)
    
    svm.y<-valid.data$Survived
    
    svm.predy<-predict(svmfit, valid.data)
    
    ith.test.error<- mean(svm.y!=svm.predy) 
    
    CV.error<-c(CV.error,(nrow(valid.data)/nrow(train.set))*ith.test.error)  
    }
   
   list(Score=-sum(CV.error), pred=0)

}

set.seed(1)

OPT_Res<- BayesianOptimization(svm_fit_bayes, bounds= list(logCost = c(-5, 20),
                                                           logGamma = c(-9, -0.75)),
                               init_grid_dt = NULL, init_points = 10, 
                               n_iter = 5, acq = "ucb", kappa =2.576,
                               eps=0, verbose = TRUE)
## elapsed = 0.14   Round = 1   logCost = 1.6377    logGamma = -7.3007  Value = -0.2087 
## elapsed = 0.10   Round = 2   logCost = 4.3031    logGamma = -7.5434  Value = -0.2087 
## elapsed = 0.09   Round = 3   logCost = 9.3213    logGamma = -3.3321  Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.12   Round = 4   logCost = 17.7052   logGamma = -5.8311  Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.10   Round = 5   logCost = 0.0420    logGamma = -2.6488  Value = -0.2087 
## elapsed = 0.09   Round = 6   logCost = 17.4597   logGamma = -4.8940  Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.09   Round = 7   logCost = 18.6169   logGamma = -3.0796  Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.08   Round = 8   logCost = 11.5199   logGamma = -0.8168  Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.11   Round = 9   logCost = 10.7279   logGamma = -5.8647  Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.14   Round = 10  logCost = -3.4553   logGamma = -2.5861  Value = -0.3095 
## elapsed = 0.11   Round = 11  logCost = 6.1946    logGamma = -8.2491  Value = -0.2087 
## elapsed = 0.11   Round = 12  logCost = 0.7301    logGamma = -5.0042  Value = -0.2087 
## elapsed = 0.19   Round = 13  logCost = 14.3672   logGamma = -8.5999  Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 0.09   Round = 14  logCost = 3.1210    logGamma = -2.9035  Value = -0.2241 
## elapsed = 5.35   Round = 15  logCost = 20.0000   logGamma = -9.0000  Value = -0.2927 
## 
##  Best Parameters Found: 
## Round = 1    logCost = 1.6377    logGamma = -7.3007  Value = -0.2087

8 KNN with the 1:150NN

K<-150

holder<-numeric(K)
  
for(j in 1:K){
  
  CV.error<-NULL 
  
  for (i in 1:5) { 
    
    valid.data <- subset(train.set, fold == i)
    
    train.data <- subset(train.set, fold != i) 
    
    knn.y<-valid.data$Survived
    
    knn.predy<-knn(train = train.data[, c("Pclass1", "Pclass2", "Pclass3", "Sexfemale", "Sexmale")], test = valid.data[, c("Pclass1", "Pclass2", "Pclass3", "Sexfemale", "Sexmale")], cl = train.data$Survived, k = j)
    
    knn.y<-valid.data$Survived
    
    ith.test.error<- mean(knn.y!=knn.predy) 
    
    CV.error<-c(CV.error,(nrow(valid.data)/nrow(train.set))*ith.test.error)  
  }
  
  holder[j]<-sum(CV.error)
  
}

Holder<-data.frame(holder, seq(1:K))

ggplot(Holder, aes(x=seq.1.K., y=holder)) + geom_point() + xlab("K") + ylab("Error Rate")

Holder[which.min(Holder$holder), ]
##       holder seq.1.K.
## 82 0.2058824       82

9 Try trees with the one hot coding.

  CV.error<-NULL 
  
  for (i in 1:5) { 
    
    valid.data <- subset(train.set, fold == i)
    
    train.data <- subset(train.set, fold != i) 
    
    treefit<-rpart(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale, data = train.data, method = "class", control = rpart.control(minsplit = 1, cp = 0.004))
    
    tree.y<-valid.data$Survived
    
    tree.predy<-predict(treefit, newdata = valid.data[, c("Pclass1", "Pclass2", "Pclass3", "Sexfemale", "Sexmale")], type ="class")
    
    ith.test.error<- mean(tree.y!=tree.predy) 
    
    CV.error<-c(CV.error,(nrow(valid.data)/nrow(train.set))*ith.test.error)  
    
  }
  
  sum(CV.error)
## [1] 0.2240896

Optimizing the tree is problematic.

10 Get the test error rate for the best method.

    svmfit<-svm(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale ,data = train.set, kernel="linear", cost=100 ,scale=FALSE)

    svm.y<-test.set$Survived
    
    svm.predy<-predict(svmfit, test.set)
    
    svmfit
## 
## Call:
## svm(formula = Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + 
##     Sexmale, data = train.set, kernel = "linear", cost = 100, 
##     scale = FALSE)
## 
## 
## Parameters:
##    SVM-Type:  C-classification 
##  SVM-Kernel:  linear 
##        cost:  100 
##       gamma:  0.2 
## 
## Number of Support Vectors:  300
    mean(svm.y!=svm.predy)
## [1] 0.2316384
    table(svm.y, svm.predy)
##      svm.predy
## svm.y  0  1
##     0 89 20
##     1 21 47
    length(svm.y)
## [1] 177
    svmfit<-svm(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale, data = train.data, kernel="radial", cost=exp(1.6377), gamma=exp(-7.3007))

    svm.y<-test.set$Survived
    
    svm.predy<-predict(svmfit, test.set)
    
    svmfit
## 
## Call:
## svm(formula = Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + 
##     Sexmale, data = train.data, kernel = "radial", cost = exp(1.6377), 
##     gamma = exp(-7.3007))
## 
## 
## Parameters:
##    SVM-Type:  C-classification 
##  SVM-Kernel:  radial 
##        cost:  5.143326 
##       gamma:  0.0006750661 
## 
## Number of Support Vectors:  320
    mean(svm.y!=svm.predy)
## [1] 0.2316384
    table(svm.y, svm.predy)
##      svm.predy
## svm.y  0  1
##     0 89 20
##     1 21 47
    length(svm.y)
## [1] 177

11 Prep the actual test set that is to be predicted creating a csv. to submit.

test <- read_csv("~/Desktop/Titanic Dataset/test.csv")

test <-data.frame(test)
test<-data.frame(test[,c("Pclass", "Sex", "Age", "SibSp", "Parch", "Ticket", "Fare", "Cabin", "Embarked")])

test$Pclass<-factor(test$Pclass)
test$Sex<-factor(test$Sex)
test$SibSp<-factor(test$SibSp)
test$Parch<-factor(test$Parch)
test$Embarked<-factor(test$Embarked)

sum(is.na(test$Pclass))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(test$Sex))
## [1] 0
summary(test)
##  Pclass      Sex           Age        SibSp       Parch    
##  1:107   female:152   Min.   : 0.17   0:283   0      :324  
##  2: 93   male  :266   1st Qu.:21.00   1:110   1      : 52  
##  3:218                Median :27.00   2: 14   2      : 33  
##                       Mean   :30.27   3:  4   3      :  3  
##                       3rd Qu.:39.00   4:  4   4      :  2  
##                       Max.   :76.00   5:  1   9      :  2  
##                       NA's   :86      8:  2   (Other):  2  
##     Ticket               Fare            Cabin           Embarked
##  Length:418         Min.   :  0.000   Length:418         C:102   
##  Class :character   1st Qu.:  7.896   Class :character   Q: 46   
##  Mode  :character   Median : 14.454   Mode  :character   S:270   
##                     Mean   : 35.627                              
##                     3rd Qu.: 31.500                              
##                     Max.   :512.329                              
##                     NA's   :1
  Data2<-data.frame(test[, c("Sex", "Pclass")])
  
  # One hot encode the Sex
  
  cat.variable<-subset(Data2, select = -c(Pclass))
  ohe.Data3<-data.frame(model.matrix(~Sex-1, cat.variable), Pclass=Data2$Pclass)
  ohe.Data3
##     Sexfemale Sexmale Pclass
## 1           0       1      3
## 2           1       0      3
## 3           0       1      2
## 4           0       1      3
## 5           1       0      3
## 6           0       1      3
## 7           1       0      3
## 8           0       1      2
## 9           1       0      3
## 10          0       1      3
## 11          0       1      3
## 12          0       1      1
## 13          1       0      1
## 14          0       1      2
## 15          1       0      1
## 16          1       0      2
## 17          0       1      2
## 18          0       1      3
## 19          1       0      3
## 20          1       0      3
## 21          0       1      1
## 22          0       1      3
## 23          1       0      1
## 24          0       1      1
## 25          1       0      1
## 26          0       1      3
## 27          1       0      1
## 28          0       1      3
## 29          0       1      1
## 30          0       1      3
## 31          0       1      2
## 32          0       1      2
## 33          1       0      3
## 34          1       0      3
## 35          0       1      1
## 36          0       1      3
## 37          1       0      3
## 38          1       0      3
## 39          0       1      3
## 40          0       1      3
## 41          0       1      3
## 42          0       1      1
## 43          0       1      3
## 44          1       0      2
## 45          1       0      1
## 46          0       1      3
## 47          0       1      1
## 48          0       1      3
## 49          1       0      1
## 50          1       0      3
## 51          0       1      1
## 52          0       1      2
## 53          1       0      2
## 54          1       0      1
## 55          0       1      2
## 56          0       1      3
## 57          0       1      3
## 58          0       1      3
## 59          0       1      3
## 60          1       0      1
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## 62          0       1      2
## 63          0       1      3
## 64          1       0      3
## 65          0       1      1
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## 67          1       0      3
## 68          0       1      1
## 69          0       1      1
## 70          1       0      1
## 71          1       0      3
## 72          0       1      3
## 73          1       0      3
## 74          0       1      1
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## 80          1       0      3
## 81          0       1      3
## 82          0       1      1
## 83          0       1      1
## 84          0       1      3
## 85          0       1      2
## 86          0       1      3
## 87          1       0      3
## 88          1       0      3
## 89          1       0      3
## 90          0       1      2
## 91          1       0      3
## 92          0       1      3
## 93          1       0      1
## 94          0       1      3
## 95          0       1      1
## 96          0       1      3
## 97          1       0      1
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## 99          1       0      3
## 100         0       1      3
## 101         1       0      1
## 102         0       1      2
## 103         0       1      3
## 104         0       1      3
## 105         1       0      3
## 106         0       1      3
## 107         0       1      3
## 108         0       1      3
## 109         0       1      3
## 110         0       1      2
## 111         0       1      2
## 112         1       0      3
## 113         1       0      1
## 114         1       0      3
## 115         1       0      1
## 116         0       1      3
## 117         0       1      3
## 118         1       0      3
## 119         0       1      1
## 120         1       0      2
## 121         1       0      2
## 122         0       1      3
## 123         1       0      1
## 124         0       1      3
## 125         0       1      3
## 126         1       0      3
## 127         0       1      3
## 128         1       0      3
## 129         0       1      2
## 130         0       1      3
## 131         0       1      3
## 132         0       1      1
## 133         1       0      3
## 134         0       1      3
## 135         0       1      3
## 136         0       1      3
## 137         0       1      3
## 138         0       1      2
## 139         1       0      3
## 140         0       1      3
## 141         1       0      3
## 142         1       0      1
## 143         0       1      1
## 144         0       1      2
## 145         0       1      1
## 146         0       1      3
## 147         0       1      1
## 148         0       1      3
## 149         0       1      1
## 150         0       1      2
## 151         1       0      1
## 152         0       1      3
## 153         0       1      3
## 154         1       0      3
## 155         0       1      3
## 156         0       1      3
## 157         1       0      1
## 158         1       0      3
## 159         0       1      1
## 160         1       0      3
## 161         1       0      3
## 162         0       1      3
## 163         1       0      2
## 164         0       1      3
## 165         0       1      2
## 166         1       0      3
## 167         0       1      1
## 168         0       1      3
## 169         1       0      1
## 170         1       0      3
## 171         0       1      3
## 172         0       1      3
## 173         0       1      3
## 174         0       1      3
## 175         0       1      3
## 176         1       0      2
## 177         1       0      2
## 178         0       1      1
## 179         1       0      2
## 180         1       0      1
## 181         0       1      2
## 182         0       1      1
## 183         1       0      1
## 184         0       1      3
## 185         1       0      1
## 186         0       1      2
## 187         1       0      2
## 188         0       1      3
## 189         1       0      3
## 190         0       1      2
## 191         0       1      2
## 192         0       1      1
## 193         0       1      3
## 194         0       1      2
## 195         0       1      2
## 196         0       1      3
## 197         0       1      1
## 198         1       0      3
## 199         0       1      2
## 200         1       0      3
## 201         1       0      3
## 202         0       1      3
## 203         0       1      1
## 204         1       0      2
## 205         0       1      2
## 206         0       1      1
## 207         1       0      3
## 208         0       1      2
## 209         1       0      1
## 210         0       1      3
## 211         0       1      3
## 212         0       1      3
## 213         0       1      2
## 214         1       0      2
## 215         1       0      3
## 216         0       1      1
## 217         1       0      3
## 218         0       1      1
## 219         1       0      1
## 220         0       1      3
## 221         1       0      2
## 222         0       1      3
## 223         1       0      2
## 224         0       1      3
## 225         1       0      1
## 226         1       0      3
## 227         0       1      3
## 228         1       0      3
## 229         0       1      3
## 230         0       1      2
## 231         0       1      2
## 232         1       0      1
## 233         0       1      3
## 234         0       1      3
## 235         0       1      1
## 236         0       1      3
## 237         0       1      1
## 238         0       1      3
## 239         1       0      2
## 240         1       0      1
## 241         1       0      1
## 242         1       0      2
## 243         0       1      1
## 244         0       1      3
## 245         0       1      3
## 246         0       1      1
## 247         1       0      2
## 248         0       1      2
## 249         1       0      2
## 250         1       0      3
## 251         1       0      2
## 252         0       1      3
## 253         0       1      1
## 254         0       1      3
## 255         0       1      3
## 256         0       1      3
## 257         0       1      3
## 258         0       1      3
## 259         1       0      2
## 260         0       1      3
## 261         0       1      3
## 262         0       1      3
## 263         1       0      2
## 264         1       0      3
## 265         0       1      2
## 266         0       1      3
## 267         0       1      1
## 268         0       1      3
## 269         1       0      3
## 270         0       1      3
## 271         0       1      1
## 272         0       1      3
## 273         1       0      1
## 274         1       0      3
## 275         0       1      3
## 276         1       0      2
## 277         0       1      2
## 278         0       1      2
## 279         0       1      2
## 280         0       1      2
## 281         1       0      3
## 282         0       1      3
## 283         1       0      3
## 284         1       0      3
## 285         1       0      3
## 286         0       1      3
## 287         0       1      3
## 288         0       1      1
## 289         0       1      3
## 290         0       1      3
## 291         0       1      1
## 292         1       0      3
## 293         0       1      3
## 294         0       1      1
## 295         0       1      3
## 296         0       1      3
## 297         1       0      2
## 298         0       1      3
## 299         0       1      1
## 300         0       1      3
## 301         0       1      3
## 302         0       1      2
## 303         0       1      2
## 304         0       1      3
## 305         1       0      3
## 306         1       0      1
## 307         0       1      1
## 308         0       1      3
## 309         0       1      1
## 310         1       0      3
## 311         0       1      3
## 312         0       1      3
## 313         0       1      3
## 314         1       0      3
## 315         1       0      1
## 316         1       0      3
## 317         0       1      1
## 318         0       1      2
## 319         0       1      3
## 320         0       1      2
## 321         0       1      3
## 322         0       1      3
## 323         0       1      2
## 324         0       1      1
## 325         1       0      1
## 326         0       1      3
## 327         1       0      2
## 328         0       1      1
## 329         0       1      2
## 330         0       1      2
## 331         1       0      2
## 332         0       1      1
## 333         0       1      3
## 334         1       0      3
## 335         0       1      3
## 336         0       1      1
## 337         0       1      2
## 338         0       1      3
## 339         0       1      2
## 340         0       1      3
## 341         0       1      2
## 342         0       1      3
## 343         0       1      3
## 344         1       0      1
## 345         0       1      3
## 346         1       0      3
## 347         0       1      2
## 348         1       0      3
## 349         0       1      2
## 350         1       0      2
## 351         1       0      1
## 352         0       1      2
## 353         0       1      2
## 354         0       1      2
## 355         1       0      3
## 356         0       1      1
## 357         1       0      1
## 358         0       1      3
## 359         0       1      3
## 360         1       0      3
## 361         0       1      3
## 362         1       0      2
## 363         1       0      2
## 364         0       1      3
## 365         1       0      1
## 366         1       0      3
## 367         0       1      3
## 368         1       0      3
## 369         1       0      1
## 370         0       1      2
## 371         0       1      2
## 372         1       0      1
## 373         0       1      1
## 374         0       1      2
## 375         1       0      1
## 376         1       0      1
## 377         1       0      3
## 378         0       1      2
## 379         0       1      1
## 380         0       1      3
## 381         0       1      3
## 382         0       1      3
## 383         1       0      3
## 384         1       0      3
## 385         0       1      2
## 386         1       0      2
## 387         0       1      3
## 388         0       1      2
## 389         0       1      3
## 390         0       1      3
## 391         0       1      1
## 392         1       0      1
## 393         0       1      3
## 394         0       1      2
## 395         0       1      3
## 396         1       0      1
## 397         0       1      3
## 398         1       0      1
## 399         0       1      3
## 400         0       1      3
## 401         1       0      1
## 402         0       1      2
## 403         1       0      1
## 404         0       1      1
## 405         0       1      1
## 406         0       1      2
## 407         0       1      2
## 408         0       1      1
## 409         1       0      3
## 410         1       0      3
## 411         1       0      3
## 412         1       0      1
## 413         1       0      3
## 414         0       1      3
## 415         1       0      1
## 416         0       1      3
## 417         0       1      3
## 418         0       1      3
  # One hot encode the Pclass
  
  cat.variable<-subset(ohe.Data3, select = -c(Sexfemale, Sexmale))
  ohe.Data4<-data.frame(model.matrix(~Pclass-1, cat.variable), Sexfemale=ohe.Data3$Sexfemale, Sexmale=ohe.Data3$Sexmale)
  ohe.Data4
##     Pclass1 Pclass2 Pclass3 Sexfemale Sexmale
## 1         0       0       1         0       1
## 2         0       0       1         1       0
## 3         0       1       0         0       1
## 4         0       0       1         0       1
## 5         0       0       1         1       0
## 6         0       0       1         0       1
## 7         0       0       1         1       0
## 8         0       1       0         0       1
## 9         0       0       1         1       0
## 10        0       0       1         0       1
## 11        0       0       1         0       1
## 12        1       0       0         0       1
## 13        1       0       0         1       0
## 14        0       1       0         0       1
## 15        1       0       0         1       0
## 16        0       1       0         1       0
## 17        0       1       0         0       1
## 18        0       0       1         0       1
## 19        0       0       1         1       0
## 20        0       0       1         1       0
## 21        1       0       0         0       1
## 22        0       0       1         0       1
## 23        1       0       0         1       0
## 24        1       0       0         0       1
## 25        1       0       0         1       0
## 26        0       0       1         0       1
## 27        1       0       0         1       0
## 28        0       0       1         0       1
## 29        1       0       0         0       1
## 30        0       0       1         0       1
## 31        0       1       0         0       1
## 32        0       1       0         0       1
## 33        0       0       1         1       0
## 34        0       0       1         1       0
## 35        1       0       0         0       1
## 36        0       0       1         0       1
## 37        0       0       1         1       0
## 38        0       0       1         1       0
## 39        0       0       1         0       1
## 40        0       0       1         0       1
## 41        0       0       1         0       1
## 42        1       0       0         0       1
## 43        0       0       1         0       1
## 44        0       1       0         1       0
## 45        1       0       0         1       0
## 46        0       0       1         0       1
## 47        1       0       0         0       1
## 48        0       0       1         0       1
## 49        1       0       0         1       0
## 50        0       0       1         1       0
## 51        1       0       0         0       1
## 52        0       1       0         0       1
## 53        0       1       0         1       0
## 54        1       0       0         1       0
## 55        0       1       0         0       1
## 56        0       0       1         0       1
## 57        0       0       1         0       1
## 58        0       0       1         0       1
## 59        0       0       1         0       1
## 60        1       0       0         1       0
## 61        0       0       1         0       1
## 62        0       1       0         0       1
## 63        0       0       1         0       1
## 64        0       0       1         1       0
## 65        1       0       0         0       1
## 66        0       1       0         1       0
## 67        0       0       1         1       0
## 68        1       0       0         0       1
## 69        1       0       0         0       1
## 70        1       0       0         1       0
## 71        0       0       1         1       0
## 72        0       0       1         0       1
## 73        0       0       1         1       0
## 74        1       0       0         0       1
## 75        1       0       0         1       0
## 76        1       0       0         0       1
## 77        0       0       1         0       1
## 78        1       0       0         1       0
## 79        0       1       0         0       1
## 80        0       0       1         1       0
## 81        0       0       1         0       1
## 82        1       0       0         0       1
## 83        1       0       0         0       1
## 84        0       0       1         0       1
## 85        0       1       0         0       1
## 86        0       0       1         0       1
## 87        0       0       1         1       0
## 88        0       0       1         1       0
## 89        0       0       1         1       0
## 90        0       1       0         0       1
## 91        0       0       1         1       0
## 92        0       0       1         0       1
## 93        1       0       0         1       0
## 94        0       0       1         0       1
## 95        1       0       0         0       1
## 96        0       0       1         0       1
## 97        1       0       0         1       0
## 98        0       0       1         0       1
## 99        0       0       1         1       0
## 100       0       0       1         0       1
## 101       1       0       0         1       0
## 102       0       1       0         0       1
## 103       0       0       1         0       1
## 104       0       0       1         0       1
## 105       0       0       1         1       0
## 106       0       0       1         0       1
## 107       0       0       1         0       1
## 108       0       0       1         0       1
## 109       0       0       1         0       1
## 110       0       1       0         0       1
## 111       0       1       0         0       1
## 112       0       0       1         1       0
## 113       1       0       0         1       0
## 114       0       0       1         1       0
## 115       1       0       0         1       0
## 116       0       0       1         0       1
## 117       0       0       1         0       1
## 118       0       0       1         1       0
## 119       1       0       0         0       1
## 120       0       1       0         1       0
## 121       0       1       0         1       0
## 122       0       0       1         0       1
## 123       1       0       0         1       0
## 124       0       0       1         0       1
## 125       0       0       1         0       1
## 126       0       0       1         1       0
## 127       0       0       1         0       1
## 128       0       0       1         1       0
## 129       0       1       0         0       1
## 130       0       0       1         0       1
## 131       0       0       1         0       1
## 132       1       0       0         0       1
## 133       0       0       1         1       0
## 134       0       0       1         0       1
## 135       0       0       1         0       1
## 136       0       0       1         0       1
## 137       0       0       1         0       1
## 138       0       1       0         0       1
## 139       0       0       1         1       0
## 140       0       0       1         0       1
## 141       0       0       1         1       0
## 142       1       0       0         1       0
## 143       1       0       0         0       1
## 144       0       1       0         0       1
## 145       1       0       0         0       1
## 146       0       0       1         0       1
## 147       1       0       0         0       1
## 148       0       0       1         0       1
## 149       1       0       0         0       1
## 150       0       1       0         0       1
## 151       1       0       0         1       0
## 152       0       0       1         0       1
## 153       0       0       1         0       1
## 154       0       0       1         1       0
## 155       0       0       1         0       1
## 156       0       0       1         0       1
## 157       1       0       0         1       0
## 158       0       0       1         1       0
## 159       1       0       0         0       1
## 160       0       0       1         1       0
## 161       0       0       1         1       0
## 162       0       0       1         0       1
## 163       0       1       0         1       0
## 164       0       0       1         0       1
## 165       0       1       0         0       1
## 166       0       0       1         1       0
## 167       1       0       0         0       1
## 168       0       0       1         0       1
## 169       1       0       0         1       0
## 170       0       0       1         1       0
## 171       0       0       1         0       1
## 172       0       0       1         0       1
## 173       0       0       1         0       1
## 174       0       0       1         0       1
## 175       0       0       1         0       1
## 176       0       1       0         1       0
## 177       0       1       0         1       0
## 178       1       0       0         0       1
## 179       0       1       0         1       0
## 180       1       0       0         1       0
## 181       0       1       0         0       1
## 182       1       0       0         0       1
## 183       1       0       0         1       0
## 184       0       0       1         0       1
## 185       1       0       0         1       0
## 186       0       1       0         0       1
## 187       0       1       0         1       0
## 188       0       0       1         0       1
## 189       0       0       1         1       0
## 190       0       1       0         0       1
## 191       0       1       0         0       1
## 192       1       0       0         0       1
## 193       0       0       1         0       1
## 194       0       1       0         0       1
## 195       0       1       0         0       1
## 196       0       0       1         0       1
## 197       1       0       0         0       1
## 198       0       0       1         1       0
## 199       0       1       0         0       1
## 200       0       0       1         1       0
## 201       0       0       1         1       0
## 202       0       0       1         0       1
## 203       1       0       0         0       1
## 204       0       1       0         1       0
## 205       0       1       0         0       1
## 206       1       0       0         0       1
## 207       0       0       1         1       0
## 208       0       1       0         0       1
## 209       1       0       0         1       0
## 210       0       0       1         0       1
## 211       0       0       1         0       1
## 212       0       0       1         0       1
## 213       0       1       0         0       1
## 214       0       1       0         1       0
## 215       0       0       1         1       0
## 216       1       0       0         0       1
## 217       0       0       1         1       0
## 218       1       0       0         0       1
## 219       1       0       0         1       0
## 220       0       0       1         0       1
## 221       0       1       0         1       0
## 222       0       0       1         0       1
## 223       0       1       0         1       0
## 224       0       0       1         0       1
## 225       1       0       0         1       0
## 226       0       0       1         1       0
## 227       0       0       1         0       1
## 228       0       0       1         1       0
## 229       0       0       1         0       1
## 230       0       1       0         0       1
## 231       0       1       0         0       1
## 232       1       0       0         1       0
## 233       0       0       1         0       1
## 234       0       0       1         0       1
## 235       1       0       0         0       1
## 236       0       0       1         0       1
## 237       1       0       0         0       1
## 238       0       0       1         0       1
## 239       0       1       0         1       0
## 240       1       0       0         1       0
## 241       1       0       0         1       0
## 242       0       1       0         1       0
## 243       1       0       0         0       1
## 244       0       0       1         0       1
## 245       0       0       1         0       1
## 246       1       0       0         0       1
## 247       0       1       0         1       0
## 248       0       1       0         0       1
## 249       0       1       0         1       0
## 250       0       0       1         1       0
## 251       0       1       0         1       0
## 252       0       0       1         0       1
## 253       1       0       0         0       1
## 254       0       0       1         0       1
## 255       0       0       1         0       1
## 256       0       0       1         0       1
## 257       0       0       1         0       1
## 258       0       0       1         0       1
## 259       0       1       0         1       0
## 260       0       0       1         0       1
## 261       0       0       1         0       1
## 262       0       0       1         0       1
## 263       0       1       0         1       0
## 264       0       0       1         1       0
## 265       0       1       0         0       1
## 266       0       0       1         0       1
## 267       1       0       0         0       1
## 268       0       0       1         0       1
## 269       0       0       1         1       0
## 270       0       0       1         0       1
## 271       1       0       0         0       1
## 272       0       0       1         0       1
## 273       1       0       0         1       0
## 274       0       0       1         1       0
## 275       0       0       1         0       1
## 276       0       1       0         1       0
## 277       0       1       0         0       1
## 278       0       1       0         0       1
## 279       0       1       0         0       1
## 280       0       1       0         0       1
## 281       0       0       1         1       0
## 282       0       0       1         0       1
## 283       0       0       1         1       0
## 284       0       0       1         1       0
## 285       0       0       1         1       0
## 286       0       0       1         0       1
## 287       0       0       1         0       1
## 288       1       0       0         0       1
## 289       0       0       1         0       1
## 290       0       0       1         0       1
## 291       1       0       0         0       1
## 292       0       0       1         1       0
## 293       0       0       1         0       1
## 294       1       0       0         0       1
## 295       0       0       1         0       1
## 296       0       0       1         0       1
## 297       0       1       0         1       0
## 298       0       0       1         0       1
## 299       1       0       0         0       1
## 300       0       0       1         0       1
## 301       0       0       1         0       1
## 302       0       1       0         0       1
## 303       0       1       0         0       1
## 304       0       0       1         0       1
## 305       0       0       1         1       0
## 306       1       0       0         1       0
## 307       1       0       0         0       1
## 308       0       0       1         0       1
## 309       1       0       0         0       1
## 310       0       0       1         1       0
## 311       0       0       1         0       1
## 312       0       0       1         0       1
## 313       0       0       1         0       1
## 314       0       0       1         1       0
## 315       1       0       0         1       0
## 316       0       0       1         1       0
## 317       1       0       0         0       1
## 318       0       1       0         0       1
## 319       0       0       1         0       1
## 320       0       1       0         0       1
## 321       0       0       1         0       1
## 322       0       0       1         0       1
## 323       0       1       0         0       1
## 324       1       0       0         0       1
## 325       1       0       0         1       0
## 326       0       0       1         0       1
## 327       0       1       0         1       0
## 328       1       0       0         0       1
## 329       0       1       0         0       1
## 330       0       1       0         0       1
## 331       0       1       0         1       0
## 332       1       0       0         0       1
## 333       0       0       1         0       1
## 334       0       0       1         1       0
## 335       0       0       1         0       1
## 336       1       0       0         0       1
## 337       0       1       0         0       1
## 338       0       0       1         0       1
## 339       0       1       0         0       1
## 340       0       0       1         0       1
## 341       0       1       0         0       1
## 342       0       0       1         0       1
## 343       0       0       1         0       1
## 344       1       0       0         1       0
## 345       0       0       1         0       1
## 346       0       0       1         1       0
## 347       0       1       0         0       1
## 348       0       0       1         1       0
## 349       0       1       0         0       1
## 350       0       1       0         1       0
## 351       1       0       0         1       0
## 352       0       1       0         0       1
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## 418       0       0       1         0       1

12 Using the entire train,0he.Data6, to predict ohe.Data4

    svmfit<-svm(Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + Sexmale ,data = ohe.Data2, kernel="linear", cost=100 ,scale=FALSE)
    
    svm.predy<-predict(svmfit, ohe.Data4)
    
    svmfit
## 
## Call:
## svm(formula = Survived ~ Pclass1 + Pclass2 + Pclass3 + Sexfemale + 
##     Sexmale, data = ohe.Data2, kernel = "linear", cost = 100, 
##     scale = FALSE)
## 
## 
## Parameters:
##    SVM-Type:  C-classification 
##  SVM-Kernel:  linear 
##        cost:  100 
##       gamma:  0.2 
## 
## Number of Support Vectors:  385

13 write the csv file

submission<-data.frame(PassengerId = seq(892, 1309), Survived = svm.predy)

submission
##     PassengerId Survived
## 1           892        0
## 2           893        1
## 3           894        0
## 4           895        0
## 5           896        1
## 6           897        0
## 7           898        1
## 8           899        0
## 9           900        1
## 10          901        0
## 11          902        0
## 12          903        0
## 13          904        1
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## 15          906        1
## 16          907        1
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## 18          909        0
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