#The Data:Present Baptism Records
source("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ada2802/DATA-606-Lab-0/master/present.R")
present
## year boys girls
## 1 1940 1211684 1148715
## 2 1941 1289734 1223693
## 3 1942 1444365 1364631
## 4 1943 1508959 1427901
## 5 1944 1435301 1359499
## 6 1945 1404587 1330869
## 7 1946 1691220 1597452
## 8 1947 1899876 1800064
## 9 1948 1813852 1721216
## 10 1949 1826352 1733177
## 11 1950 1823555 1730594
## 12 1951 1923020 1827830
## 13 1952 1971262 1875724
## 14 1953 2001798 1900322
## 15 1954 2059068 1958294
## 16 1955 2073719 1973576
## 17 1956 2133588 2029502
## 18 1957 2179960 2074824
## 19 1958 2152546 2051266
## 20 1959 2173638 2071158
## 21 1960 2179708 2078142
## 22 1961 2186274 2082052
## 23 1962 2132466 2034896
## 24 1963 2101632 1996388
## 25 1964 2060162 1967328
## 26 1965 1927054 1833304
## 27 1966 1845862 1760412
## 28 1967 1803388 1717571
## 29 1968 1796326 1705238
## 30 1969 1846572 1753634
## 31 1970 1915378 1816008
## 32 1971 1822910 1733060
## 33 1972 1669927 1588484
## 34 1973 1608326 1528639
## 35 1974 1622114 1537844
## 36 1975 1613135 1531063
## 37 1976 1624436 1543352
## 38 1977 1705916 1620716
## 39 1978 1709394 1623885
## 40 1979 1791267 1703131
## 41 1980 1852616 1759642
## 42 1981 1860272 1768966
## 43 1982 1885676 1794861
## 44 1983 1865553 1773380
## 45 1984 1879490 1789651
## 46 1985 1927983 1832578
## 47 1986 1924868 1831679
## 48 1987 1951153 1858241
## 49 1988 2002424 1907086
## 50 1989 2069490 1971468
## 51 1990 2129495 2028717
## 52 1991 2101518 2009389
## 53 1992 2082097 1982917
## 54 1993 2048861 1951379
## 55 1994 2022589 1930178
## 56 1995 1996355 1903234
## 57 1996 1990480 1901014
## 58 1997 1985596 1895298
## 59 1998 2016205 1925348
## 60 1999 2026854 1932563
## 61 2000 2076969 1981845
## 62 2001 2057922 1968011
## 63 2002 2057979 1963747
#Some Exploration
###Exercise 1 What command would you use to extract just the counts of girls baptized?
present$girls
## [1] 1148715 1223693 1364631 1427901 1359499 1330869 1597452 1800064
## [9] 1721216 1733177 1730594 1827830 1875724 1900322 1958294 1973576
## [17] 2029502 2074824 2051266 2071158 2078142 2082052 2034896 1996388
## [25] 1967328 1833304 1760412 1717571 1705238 1753634 1816008 1733060
## [33] 1588484 1528639 1537844 1531063 1543352 1620716 1623885 1703131
## [41] 1759642 1768966 1794861 1773380 1789651 1832578 1831679 1858241
## [49] 1907086 1971468 2028717 2009389 1982917 1951379 1930178 1903234
## [57] 1901014 1895298 1925348 1932563 1981845 1968011 1963747
###Exercise 2 Is there an apparent trend in the number of girls baptized over the years? How would you describe it?
plot(x = present$year, y = present$girls, type = "l")
plot(x = present$year, y = present$girls/(present$boys + present$girls), type = "l")
###Exercise 3 Now, make a plot of the proportion of boys over time. What do you see? Tip: If you use the up and down arrow keys, you can scroll through your previous commands, your so-called command history. You can also access it by clicking on the history tab in the upper right panel. This will save you a lot of typing in the future
plot(x = present$year, y = present$boys)
plot(x = present$year, y = present$boys/(present$boys + present$girls))
present$boys / present$girls
## [1] 1.054817 1.053969 1.058429 1.056767 1.055757 1.055391 1.058698
## [8] 1.055449 1.053820 1.053760 1.053716 1.052078 1.050934 1.053399
## [15] 1.051460 1.050742 1.051286 1.050672 1.049374 1.049480 1.048873
## [22] 1.050057 1.047948 1.052717 1.047188 1.051137 1.048540 1.049964
## [29] 1.053417 1.052997 1.054719 1.051845 1.051271 1.052129 1.054797
## [36] 1.053605 1.052538 1.052569 1.052657 1.051749 1.052837 1.051615
## [43] 1.050597 1.051976 1.050199 1.052061 1.050876 1.050000 1.049991
## [50] 1.049720 1.049676 1.045849 1.050017 1.049955 1.047877 1.048928
## [57] 1.047062 1.047643 1.047190 1.048791 1.047998 1.045686 1.047986
present$boys > present$girls
## [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [15] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [29] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [43] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [57] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
#On Your Own
### 1. What years are included in this data set? What are the dimensions of the data frame and what are the variable or column names?
present$year
## [1] 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953
## [15] 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967
## [29] 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
## [43] 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
## [57] 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
dim(present)
## [1] 63 3
names(present)
## [1] "year" "boys" "girls"
###2.How do these counts compare to Arbuthnotâs? Are they on a similar scale?
source("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ada2802/DATA-606-Lab-0/master/arbuthnot.r")
arbuthnot$year
## [1] 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642
## [15] 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656
## [29] 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670
## [43] 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684
## [57] 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698
## [71] 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710
arbu_gril_ratio <- arbuthnot$girls /(arbuthnot$girls+arbuthnot$boys)
pres_gril_ratio <- present$girls /(present$girls +present$boys)
plot(x = arbuthnot$year, y = arbu_gril_ratio, type = "l")
plot(x = present$year, y = pres_gril_ratio, type = "l")
arbu_boy_ratio <- arbuthnot$boys /(arbuthnot$girls+arbuthnot$boys)
pres_boy_ratio <- present$boys /(present$girls +present$boys)
plot(x = arbuthnot$year, y = arbu_boy_ratio, type = "l")
plot(x = present$year, y = pres_boy_ratio, type = "l")
###3.Make a plot that displays the boy-to-girl ratio for every year in the data set. What do you see? Does Arbuthnotâs observation about boys being born in greater proportion than girls hold up in the U.S.? Include the plot in your response.
arbu_boy_to_girl_ratio <- arbuthnot$boys /arbuthnot$girls
pres_boy_to_girl_ratio <- present$boys /present$girls
plot(x = arbuthnot$year, y = arbu_boy_to_girl_ratio, type = "l")
plot(x = present$year, y = pres_boy_to_girl_ratio, type = "l")
###4. In what year did we see the most total number of births in the U.S.?
present[which.max(present$girls+present$boys),1]
## [1] 1961