Perceived Neighborhood Disorder and Cognitive Function

Create function to test for multi-colinearity among predictor variables

Trail Making Test Part A (Model 1)

#load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/TrailsA.Rda")

#run simple model
TMTA = lmer(TrailsAtestSec~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Sex + Race + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=TrailsA)

#test for multicollinearity 
vif.lme(TMTA)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     45.850797166      1.512598953      1.487044804      1.064179506 
##           SexMen        RaceAfrAm age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.005461217      1.037344818     10.044364018     22.543224143
#summary of results
summary(TMTA)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: TrailsAtestSec ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat +  
##     Sex + Race + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: TrailsA
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 35975.6
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -2.7219175 -0.2198315 -0.0990867  0.0364298 10.7993454 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance  Std.Dev.
##  HNDid    (Intercept)  546.6644 23.38086
##  Residual             1867.3972 43.21339
## Number of obs: 3391, groups:  HNDid, 2198
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       3.015098e+01  6.418349e+00  3.170170e+03  4.69762
## age               8.553410e-01  6.575693e-01  3.308898e+03  1.30076
## PhysDisorder     -6.097968e-02  8.809638e-02  3.193144e+03 -0.69219
## SocEfficacy       2.404583e-02  1.575744e-01  3.228338e+03  0.15260
## PovStatBelow      5.347446e+00  1.917890e+00  1.269391e+03  2.78819
## SexMen            6.684934e+00  1.835584e+00  1.187653e+03  3.64186
## RaceAfrAm         8.958583e+00  1.872007e+00  1.167584e+03  4.78555
## age:PhysDisorder -1.314163e-02  9.441612e-03  3.271591e+03 -1.39188
## age:SocEfficacy   1.362910e-03  1.662001e-02  3.289070e+03  0.08200
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      2.7440e-06
## age              0.19343058
## PhysDisorder     0.48886663
## SocEfficacy      0.87872335
## PovStatBelow     0.00537942
## SexMen           0.00028234
## RaceAfrAm        1.9234e-06
## age:PhysDisorder 0.16405222
## age:SocEfficacy  0.93464841
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB SexMen RcAfrA ag:PhD
## age          0.026                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.788 -0.023                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.900 -0.015  0.557                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.088 -0.024 -0.102  0.058                            
## SexMen      -0.103 -0.042 -0.028 -0.015  0.055                     
## RaceAfrAm   -0.196  0.015  0.094  0.009 -0.167 -0.017              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.032 -0.817  0.051  0.015  0.031  0.028 -0.009       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.019 -0.923  0.010  0.006  0.027  0.044 -0.011  0.568

Trail Making Test Part B (Model 1)

#load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/TrailsB.Rda")

#Run regression model 
TMTB = lmer(TrailsBtestSec~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Sex + Race + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy,data=TrailsB)

#test for multicollinearity 
vif.lme(TMTB)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     34.102194688      1.431238086      1.411183362      1.053654189 
##           SexMen        RaceAfrAm age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.004652366      1.033188947      7.919417487     17.073424634
#Summary of results 
summary(TMTB)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: TrailsBtestSec ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat +  
##     Sex + Race + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: TrailsB
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 43205.8
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -2.5536170 -0.3029775 -0.1447527  0.0516146  3.4448231 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance  Std.Dev. 
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 15320.452 123.77581
##  Residual              9234.763  96.09768
## Number of obs: 3384, groups:  HNDid, 2194
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       116.43044664   18.78380842 3165.47800000  6.19845
## age                 6.15675143    1.88516563 2925.79800000  3.26589
## PhysDisorder        0.15662074    0.25679431 3093.60300000  0.60991
## SocEfficacy        -0.81250529    0.45607352 3004.16500000 -1.78152
## PovStatBelow       39.09279713    6.63410474 2109.58500000  5.89270
## SexMen              8.66446529    6.39804423 2045.75200000  1.35424
## RaceAfrAm          65.75730335    6.53196492 2037.14800000 10.06700
## age:PhysDisorder   -0.02166110    0.02727178 3016.72900000 -0.79427
## age:SocEfficacy    -0.08800875    0.04765159 2904.46300000 -1.84692
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      6.4397e-10
## age               0.0011038
## PhysDisorder      0.5419680
## SocEfficacy       0.0749281
## PovStatBelow     4.4116e-09
## SexMen            0.1758105
## RaceAfrAm        < 2.22e-16
## age:PhysDisorder  0.4271018
## age:SocEfficacy   0.0648602
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB SexMen RcAfrA ag:PhD
## age          0.027                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.763 -0.022                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.880 -0.019  0.528                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.113 -0.018 -0.084  0.056                            
## SexMen      -0.125 -0.035 -0.028 -0.019  0.051                     
## RaceAfrAm   -0.221  0.015  0.078  0.008 -0.163 -0.011              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.037 -0.805  0.058  0.019  0.025  0.022 -0.005       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.022 -0.915  0.006  0.013  0.022  0.037 -0.011  0.545

Attention (Model 1)

#load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/Attention.Rda")

#Run regression model
Attn = lmer(Attention~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat +  Sex + Race + (1|HNDid)  + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=Attention)

#test for multicollinearity 
vif.lme(Attn)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     38.567246949      1.469081562      1.450257925      1.059009257 
##           SexMen        RaceAfrAm age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.005676954      1.030394105      8.643393463     19.294930942
#Summary of results
summary(Attn)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: Attention ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Sex +  
##     Race + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: Attention
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 12446.6
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##         Min          1Q      Median          3Q         Max 
## -2.87636196 -0.51891700  0.02070282  0.56720014  2.45127050 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 2.269637 1.506532
##  Residual             2.008416 1.417186
## Number of obs: 2959, groups:  HNDid, 2022
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       7.055092e+00  2.769209e-01  2.904986e+03 25.47692
## age              -1.370365e-01  2.794155e-02  2.801934e+03 -4.90440
## PhysDisorder     -5.775654e-03  3.786581e-03  2.884538e+03 -1.52530
## SocEfficacy       1.661145e-02  6.741546e-03  2.855370e+03  2.46404
## PovStatBelow     -4.482290e-01  9.069527e-02  2.001025e+03 -4.94214
## SexMen           -2.712405e-01  8.745370e-02  1.952605e+03 -3.10153
## RaceAfrAm        -8.274170e-01  8.882093e-02  1.937610e+03 -9.31556
## age:PhysDisorder  1.289727e-03  3.993822e-04  2.836809e+03  3.22930
## age:SocEfficacy   2.540957e-03  7.074541e-04  2.806433e+03  3.59169
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age              9.9065e-07
## PhysDisorder     0.12729508
## SocEfficacy      0.01379653
## PovStatBelow     8.3696e-07
## SexMen           0.00195274
## RaceAfrAm        < 2.22e-16
## age:PhysDisorder 0.00125508
## age:SocEfficacy  0.00033418
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB SexMen RcAfrA ag:PhD
## age          0.024                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.774 -0.023                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.891 -0.015  0.544                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.108 -0.012 -0.092  0.060                            
## SexMen      -0.117 -0.042 -0.021 -0.016  0.056                     
## RaceAfrAm   -0.207  0.011  0.075  0.013 -0.155 -0.017              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.033 -0.808  0.049  0.020  0.019  0.025 -0.004       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.021 -0.919  0.014  0.007  0.021  0.045 -0.007  0.553

Plot for Age*PhysDisorder for Attention

## [1] 30.51605272
## [1] 12.07679097
## [1] 18.43926175
## [1] 42.59284369

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-5

Plot for Age*SocEfficacy for Attention

## [1] 26.95876985
## [1] 6.70207727
## [1] 20.25669258
## [1] 33.66084712

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-6

Benton Visual Retention Test (Model 1)

#Load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/BVRtot.Rda")

#Run regression model
BVR = lmer(BVRtot~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race + Sex + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=BVRtot)

#test for multicollinearity 
vif.lme(BVR)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     37.258309608      1.453673613      1.432901843      1.056840496 
##        RaceAfrAm           SexMen age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.034026305      1.005354474      8.449109060     18.608745214
#Summary of results
summary(BVR)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: BVRtot ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race +  
##     Sex + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: BVRtot
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 20322.7
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -3.2573331 -0.4791171 -0.0430963  0.4531240  3.6720257 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 12.53567 3.540575
##  Residual             11.31746 3.364144
## Number of obs: 3439, groups:  HNDid, 2236
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       7.604207e+00  6.021804e-01  3.374363e+03 12.62779
## age               2.893813e-01  6.106512e-02  3.228035e+03  4.73890
## PhysDisorder     -1.220250e-02  8.242994e-03  3.351392e+03 -1.48035
## SocEfficacy      -3.043975e-02  1.472867e-02  3.290243e+03 -2.06670
## PovStatBelow      1.089723e+00  2.013424e-01  2.113370e+03  5.41229
## RaceAfrAm         1.065892e+00  1.980564e-01  2.026691e+03  5.38176
## SexMen           -8.597545e-01  1.939287e-01  2.042077e+03 -4.43335
## age:PhysDisorder -1.578076e-03  8.770024e-04  3.292764e+03 -1.79940
## age:SocEfficacy  -2.336734e-03  1.549197e-03  3.206522e+03 -1.50835
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age              2.2417e-06
## PhysDisorder       0.138874
## SocEfficacy        0.038840
## PovStatBelow     6.9278e-08
## RaceAfrAm        8.2298e-08
## SexMen           9.7701e-06
## age:PhysDisorder   0.072047
## age:SocEfficacy    0.131563
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB RcAfrA SexMen ag:PhD
## age          0.030                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.769 -0.021                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.887 -0.021  0.536                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.108 -0.023 -0.089  0.060                            
## RaceAfrAm   -0.212  0.016  0.084  0.006 -0.163                     
## SexMen      -0.111 -0.037 -0.036 -0.023  0.053 -0.013              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.035 -0.808  0.055  0.017  0.032 -0.010  0.023       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.024 -0.918  0.005  0.015  0.026 -0.011  0.038  0.552

Plot for Social Efficacy for BVRT

## Warning: executing %dopar% sequentially: no parallel backend registered

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-8

Digit Span Foward (Model 1)

#Load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/DigitSpanFwd.Rda")

#Run regression model
DSF = lmer(DigitSpanFwd~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race + Sex + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=DigitSpanFwd)

#test for multicollinearity 
vif.lme(DSF)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     36.220655344      1.445543484      1.425505507      1.056728998 
##        RaceAfrAm           SexMen age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.033572549      1.005102342      8.233562781     18.155712736
#Summary of results 
summary(DSF)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: 
## DigitSpanFwd ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race +  
##     Sex + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: DigitSpanFwd
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 15100
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -4.3048091 -0.4005550 -0.0444434  0.4392415  3.8412372 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 3.362655 1.833754
##  Residual             2.589816 1.609291
## Number of obs: 3349, groups:  HNDid, 2219
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       7.123556e+00  3.012245e-01  3.258340e+03 23.64866
## age              -7.625157e-02  3.028402e-02  3.115430e+03 -2.51788
## PhysDisorder     -3.936290e-03  4.111009e-03  3.235071e+03 -0.95750
## SocEfficacy       1.734175e-02  7.355116e-03  3.158981e+03  2.35778
## PovStatBelow     -4.226295e-01  1.021103e-01  2.197012e+03 -4.13895
## RaceAfrAm        -6.210216e-01  1.005429e-01  2.122261e+03 -6.17668
## SexMen            1.645577e-01  9.834687e-02  2.137036e+03  1.67324
## age:PhysDisorder  9.812924e-04  4.349348e-04  3.183197e+03  2.25618
## age:SocEfficacy   1.146891e-03  7.693008e-04  3.077371e+03  1.49082
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age                0.011856
## PhysDisorder       0.338387
## SocEfficacy        0.018445
## PovStatBelow     3.6206e-05
## RaceAfrAm        7.8235e-10
## SexMen             0.094427
## age:PhysDisorder   0.024127
## age:SocEfficacy    0.136111
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB RcAfrA SexMen ag:PhD
## age          0.027                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.766 -0.018                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.885 -0.019  0.533                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.108 -0.021 -0.089  0.058                            
## RaceAfrAm   -0.218  0.017  0.084  0.011 -0.162                     
## SexMen      -0.115 -0.038 -0.031 -0.021  0.052 -0.016              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.031 -0.806  0.052  0.012  0.030 -0.012  0.026       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.022 -0.918  0.002  0.015  0.024 -0.012  0.039  0.551

Plot for Age*PhysDisorder for Digit Span Forward

## [1] 30.51605272
## [1] 12.07679097
## [1] 18.43926175
## [1] 42.59284369

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-10

Plot for SocEfficacy for Digit Span Forward

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-11

Digit Span Backward (Model 1)

#Load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/DigitSpanBck.Rda")

#Run regression model
DSB = lmer(DigitSpanBck~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race + Sex + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=DigitSpanBck)

#Test for multicolinearity 
vif.lme(DSB)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     35.103062756      1.437461767      1.417769447      1.055466245 
##        RaceAfrAm           SexMen age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.032892527      1.005014067      8.041760846     17.615646118
#Summary of results 
summary(DSB)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: 
## DigitSpanBck ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race +  
##     Sex + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: DigitSpanBck
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 14562.7
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -3.4282214 -0.4377051 -0.0165590  0.4207092  3.4506036 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 3.098138 1.760153
##  Residual             2.097210 1.448175
## Number of obs: 3344, groups:  HNDid, 2218
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df   t value
## (Intercept)       6.423648e+00  2.779924e-01  3.207916e+03  23.10728
## age              -3.910742e-02  2.787200e-02  3.027264e+03  -1.40311
## PhysDisorder     -1.106016e-02  3.796765e-03  3.174220e+03  -2.91305
## SocEfficacy       2.400009e-03  6.774696e-03  3.075786e+03   0.35426
## PovStatBelow     -4.747959e-01  9.591312e-02  2.181086e+03  -4.95027
## RaceAfrAm        -1.026206e+00  9.449419e-02  2.107586e+03 -10.85999
## SexMen           -3.231504e-02  9.242585e-02  2.121633e+03  -0.34963
## age:PhysDisorder  3.811007e-04  4.009122e-04  3.108771e+03   0.95058
## age:SocEfficacy   3.493200e-04  7.076784e-04  2.978552e+03   0.49361
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age               0.1606872
## PhysDisorder      0.0036042
## SocEfficacy       0.7231678
## PovStatBelow     7.9788e-07
## RaceAfrAm        < 2.22e-16
## SexMen            0.7266496
## age:PhysDisorder  0.3418895
## age:SocEfficacy   0.6216151
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB RcAfrA SexMen ag:PhD
## age          0.027                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.763 -0.017                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.883 -0.019  0.529                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.110 -0.020 -0.088  0.058                            
## RaceAfrAm   -0.221  0.017  0.082  0.011 -0.161                     
## SexMen      -0.118 -0.038 -0.031 -0.021  0.052 -0.017              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.031 -0.805  0.053  0.012  0.029 -0.012  0.026       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.022 -0.917  0.001  0.016  0.024 -0.011  0.038  0.548

Plot for Physical Disorder for Digit Span Backward

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-13

California Verbal Learning Test: Total Correct for Trial A (Model 1)

#Load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/CVLtca.Rda")

#Run regression model
CVLA = lmer(CVLtca~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race + Sex + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=CVLtca)

#Test for multicolinearity 
vif.lme(CVLA)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     48.512267192      1.523615431      1.491035728      1.070949283 
##        RaceAfrAm           SexMen age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.040645552      1.008012013     11.011603872     23.336546138
#Summary of results 
summary(CVLA)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: CVLtca ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race +  
##     Sex + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: CVLtca
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 21383.8
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -1.9273007 -0.7561861 -0.3719024  0.7333248  3.0643924 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance     Std.Dev.    
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 1.857922e-13 4.310362e-07
##  Residual             6.629633e+01 8.142256e+00
## Number of obs: 3036, groups:  HNDid, 2056
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       1.472404e+01  1.093028e+00  3.026988e+03 13.47087
## age              -1.037774e-01  1.123927e-01  3.026988e+03 -0.92335
## PhysDisorder     -3.294249e-02  1.520110e-02  3.026988e+03 -2.16711
## SocEfficacy       3.023643e-02  2.687090e-02  3.026988e+03  1.12525
## PovStatBelow     -1.241623e+00  3.130640e-01  3.026988e+03 -3.96604
## RaceAfrAm        -2.244463e+00  3.063030e-01  3.026988e+03 -7.32759
## SexMen           -1.814929e+00  3.000710e-01  3.026988e+03 -6.04833
## age:PhysDisorder  2.620352e-03  1.622315e-03  3.026988e+03  1.61519
## age:SocEfficacy   2.578223e-03  2.845865e-03  3.026988e+03  0.90595
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age                0.355900
## PhysDisorder       0.030304
## SocEfficacy        0.260573
## PovStatBelow     7.4771e-05
## RaceAfrAm        2.9909e-13
## SexMen           1.6429e-09
## age:PhysDisorder   0.106373
## age:SocEfficacy    0.365032
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB RcAfrA SexMen ag:PhD
## age          0.018                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.796 -0.016                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.897 -0.004  0.556                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.075 -0.041 -0.119  0.051                            
## RaceAfrAm   -0.186  0.015  0.103 -0.005 -0.165                     
## SexMen      -0.101 -0.054 -0.026 -0.014  0.065 -0.018              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.025 -0.818  0.038  0.015  0.041 -0.015  0.032       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.013 -0.919  0.009 -0.010  0.045 -0.004  0.060  0.558

Plot for Physical Disorder for CVLT Total Correct Trial A

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-15

California Verbal Learning Test: Total Correct for Trial B (Model 1)

#Load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/CVLtcb.Rda")

#Run regression model
CVLB = lmer(CVLtcb~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race + Sex + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=CVLtcb)

#Test for multicolinearity 
vif.lme(CVLB)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     44.419621908      1.504683409      1.475459780      1.066683318 
##        RaceAfrAm           SexMen age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.039958114      1.007726611     10.172393196     21.561892478
#Summary of results 
summary(CVLB)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: CVLtcb ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race +  
##     Sex + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: CVLtcb
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 12882
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -2.4956734 -0.6492839 -0.0275477  0.5926036  3.3433604 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance  Std.Dev. 
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 0.9426052 0.9708786
##  Residual             3.2673459 1.8075801
## Number of obs: 3011, groups:  HNDid, 2045
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       4.562658e+00  2.807946e-01  2.917916e+03 16.24909
## age              -8.198617e-02  2.861669e-02  2.986039e+03 -2.86498
## PhysDisorder      6.722686e-03  3.893799e-03  2.953598e+03  1.72651
## SocEfficacy       2.062298e-02  6.881302e-03  2.943012e+03  2.99696
## PovStatBelow     -3.882463e-01  8.410809e-02  1.919867e+03 -4.61604
## RaceAfrAm        -5.287997e-01  8.259034e-02  1.854360e+03 -6.40268
## SexMen           -6.305146e-01  8.083841e-02  1.875114e+03 -7.79969
## age:PhysDisorder  4.900730e-04  4.128050e-04  2.982426e+03  1.18718
## age:SocEfficacy   8.082962e-04  7.253723e-04  2.978800e+03  1.11432
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age               0.0041995
## PhysDisorder      0.0843601
## SocEfficacy       0.0027497
## PovStatBelow     4.1703e-06
## RaceAfrAm        1.9294e-10
## SexMen           1.0214e-14
## age:PhysDisorder  0.2352520
## age:SocEfficacy   0.2652322
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB RcAfrA SexMen ag:PhD
## age          0.022                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.791 -0.018                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.893 -0.010  0.551                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.084 -0.038 -0.109  0.052                            
## RaceAfrAm   -0.195  0.016  0.100 -0.001 -0.166                     
## SexMen      -0.103 -0.052 -0.027 -0.019  0.063 -0.014              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.028 -0.814  0.041  0.018  0.037 -0.013  0.028       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.019 -0.917  0.011 -0.003  0.045 -0.006  0.058  0.552

Plot for Social Efficacy for CVLT Total Correct Trial B

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-17

California Verbal Learning Test: Learning Slope (Model 1)

#Load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/CVLbet.Rda")

#Run regression model
CVLslope = lmer(CVLbet~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race + Sex + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=CVLbet)

#Test for multicolinearity 
vif.lme(CVLslope)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     46.124597464      1.510973074      1.481643245      1.067903756 
##        RaceAfrAm           SexMen age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.039708155      1.007945865     10.509798980     22.342442519
#Summary of results 
summary(CVLslope)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: CVLbet ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race +  
##     Sex + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: CVLbet
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 9383.8
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -6.7530665 -0.6104636  0.0217767  0.5982302  3.3498340 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance  Std.Dev.
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 0.1656172 0.406961
##  Residual             1.1063675 1.051840
## Number of obs: 3031, groups:  HNDid, 2054
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       1.704344e+00  1.533721e-01  2.865724e+03 11.11247
## age              -3.309044e-02  1.570269e-02  2.950863e+03 -2.10731
## PhysDisorder      5.955793e-04  2.129225e-03  2.913964e+03  0.27972
## SocEfficacy       8.013930e-03  3.766172e-03  2.894385e+03  2.12787
## PovStatBelow     -7.770656e-02  4.502464e-02  1.966889e+03 -1.72587
## RaceAfrAm        -1.288572e-01  4.415531e-02  1.899057e+03 -2.91827
## SexMen           -2.512015e-01  4.323723e-02  1.917597e+03 -5.80984
## age:PhysDisorder  3.452137e-04  2.267550e-04  2.952630e+03  1.52241
## age:SocEfficacy   3.401833e-04  3.980851e-04  2.935900e+03  0.85455
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age               0.0351749
## PhysDisorder      0.7797149
## SocEfficacy       0.0334320
## PovStatBelow      0.0845283
## RaceAfrAm         0.0035612
## SexMen           7.3048e-09
## age:PhysDisorder  0.1280139
## age:SocEfficacy   0.3928705
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB RcAfrA SexMen ag:PhD
## age          0.021                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.793 -0.018                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.895 -0.007  0.553                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.081 -0.038 -0.113  0.052                            
## RaceAfrAm   -0.190  0.014  0.100 -0.004 -0.165                     
## SexMen      -0.103 -0.053 -0.026 -0.017  0.064 -0.016              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.027 -0.815  0.039  0.017  0.037 -0.014  0.030       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.016 -0.918  0.011 -0.007  0.044 -0.003  0.060  0.553

Plot for Social Efficacy for CVLT Learning Slope

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-19

Mini Mental Satus Exam

#Load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/MMStot.Rda")

#Run regression model
MMSE = lmer(MMStot~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race + Sex + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=MMStot)

#Test for multicolinearity 
vif.lme(MMSE)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     34.800908177      1.444726969      1.425853723      1.052708095 
##        RaceAfrAm           SexMen age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.032136704      1.005846537      8.053361093     17.377701443
#Summary of results
summary(MMSE)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: MMStot ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race +  
##     Sex + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: MMStot
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 13706.6
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -4.4410653 -0.3305784  0.1084605  0.4686804  2.9798212 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 2.627843 1.621062
##  Residual             1.640825 1.280947
## Number of obs: 3306, groups:  HNDid, 2188
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df   t value
## (Intercept)       2.827167e+01  2.525037e-01  3.094613e+03 111.96541
## age              -9.299712e-02  2.533707e-02  2.795303e+03  -3.67040
## PhysDisorder     -3.453869e-04  3.446549e-03  3.034922e+03  -0.10021
## SocEfficacy       7.607589e-03  6.168252e-03  2.906207e+03   1.23335
## PovStatBelow     -6.182256e-01  8.776419e-02  1.920161e+03  -7.04417
## RaceAfrAm        -6.633849e-01  8.629252e-02  1.844639e+03  -7.68763
## SexMen           -3.934396e-01  8.466371e-02  1.858323e+03  -4.64709
## age:PhysDisorder  7.015268e-04  3.653568e-04  2.930518e+03   1.92011
## age:SocEfficacy   1.675280e-03  6.412666e-04  2.737644e+03   2.61245
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age               0.0002467
## PhysDisorder      0.9201823
## SocEfficacy       0.2175465
## PovStatBelow     2.5895e-12
## RaceAfrAm        2.4203e-14
## SexMen           3.6032e-06
## age:PhysDisorder  0.0549404
## age:SocEfficacy   0.0090386
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB RcAfrA SexMen ag:PhD
## age          0.038                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.766 -0.027                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.882 -0.031  0.533                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.115 -0.017 -0.081  0.058                            
## RaceAfrAm   -0.213  0.016  0.077  0.002 -0.157                     
## SexMen      -0.114 -0.034 -0.037 -0.027  0.057 -0.013              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.042 -0.806  0.064  0.023  0.025 -0.009  0.021       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.033 -0.916  0.009  0.026  0.021 -0.009  0.037  0.548

Plot for Age*SocEfficacy for Mini-Mental Status Exam

## [1] 26.82335148
## [1] 6.648986984
## [1] 20.1743645
## [1] 33.47233846

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-21

Verbal Fluency

#Load data file
load(file="/Users/meganwilliams/Desktop/Neighborhood and Cognitive Function/Data/FluencyWord.Rda")

#Run regression model
Fluency = lmer(FluencyWord~age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race + Sex + (1|HNDid) + age*PhysDisorder + age*SocEfficacy, data=FluencyWord) 

#Test for multicolinearity 
vif.lme(Fluency)
##              age     PhysDisorder      SocEfficacy     PovStatBelow 
##     32.415587400      1.424299973      1.407032679      1.052629504 
##        RaceAfrAm           SexMen age:PhysDisorder  age:SocEfficacy 
##      1.033898651      1.005135605      7.530431850     16.357523977
#Summary of results
summary(Fluency)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML t-tests use Satterthwaite approximations
##   to degrees of freedom [lmerMod]
## Formula: 
## FluencyWord ~ age + PhysDisorder + SocEfficacy + PovStat + Race +  
##     Sex + (1 | HNDid) + age * PhysDisorder + age * SocEfficacy
##    Data: FluencyWord
## 
## REML criterion at convergence: 20263
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##        Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
## -3.3878068 -0.4983373 -0.0137283  0.4374900  2.7539974 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups   Name        Variance  Std.Dev.
##  HNDid    (Intercept) 18.003628 4.243068
##  Residual              9.226262 3.037476
## Number of obs: 3404, groups:  HNDid, 2207
## 
## Fixed effects:
##                       Estimate    Std. Error            df  t value
## (Intercept)       2.030198e+01  6.107737e-01  3.154784e+03 33.23977
## age               3.188970e-02  6.090196e-02  2.878099e+03  0.52362
## PhysDisorder     -3.504874e-03  8.307218e-03  3.052914e+03 -0.42191
## SocEfficacy      -2.195426e-03  1.481048e-02  2.970202e+03 -0.14823
## PovStatBelow     -1.159377e+00  2.216842e-01  2.229980e+03 -5.22986
## RaceAfrAm        -1.817286e+00  2.184030e-01  2.167199e+03 -8.32079
## SexMen            8.021248e-01  2.138044e-01  2.171459e+03  3.75168
## age:PhysDisorder -8.059685e-04  8.763113e-04  2.941000e+03 -0.91973
## age:SocEfficacy  -2.618956e-03  1.542578e-03  2.856802e+03 -1.69778
##                    Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)      < 2.22e-16
## age              0.60058071
## PhysDisorder     0.67312254
## SocEfficacy      0.88216766
## PovStatBelow     1.8547e-07
## RaceAfrAm        < 2.22e-16
## SexMen           0.00018026
## age:PhysDisorder 0.35779009
## age:SocEfficacy  0.08965838
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##             (Intr) age    PhysDs ScEffc PvSttB RcAfrA SexMen ag:PhD
## age          0.022                                                 
## PhysDisordr -0.759 -0.012                                          
## SocEfficacy -0.877 -0.018  0.526                                   
## PovStatBelw -0.119 -0.018 -0.078  0.057                            
## RaceAfrAm   -0.224  0.016  0.077  0.007 -0.164                     
## SexMen      -0.129 -0.035 -0.029 -0.020  0.056 -0.015              
## ag:PhysDsrd -0.030 -0.803  0.049  0.014  0.026 -0.007  0.023       
## ag:ScEffccy -0.019 -0.915 -0.002  0.014  0.022 -0.011  0.036  0.544