Homework 4 - Histograms, Boxplots, and Scatterplots
With and Without ggplot2
#Loading CSV
#This dataset was selected from the list of R datasets suggested in the assignment
URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vincentarelbundock/Rdatasets/master/csv/Stat2Data/MLB2007Standings.csv"
mlb2007standings_table = read.csv(URL, header = TRUE, sep = ",")
#Checking that it worked and showing the data starting point
mlb2007standings_table
## X Team League Wins Losses WinPct BattingAvg Runs Hits
## 1 1 Arizona Diamondbacks NL 90 72 0.556 0.250 712 1350
## 2 2 Atlanta Braves NL 84 78 0.519 0.275 810 1562
## 3 3 Baltimore Orioles AL 69 93 0.426 0.272 756 1529
## 4 4 Boston Red Sox AL 96 66 0.593 0.279 867 1561
## 5 5 Chicago Cubs NL 85 77 0.525 0.271 752 1530
## 6 6 Chicago White Sox AL 72 90 0.444 0.246 693 1341
## 7 7 Cincinnati Reds NL 72 90 0.444 0.267 783 1496
## 8 8 Cleveland Indians AL 96 66 0.593 0.268 811 1504
## 9 9 Colorado Rockies NL 90 73 0.552 0.280 860 1591
## 10 10 Detroit Tigers AL 88 74 0.543 0.287 887 1652
## 11 11 Florida Marlins NL 71 91 0.438 0.267 790 1504
## 12 12 Houston Astros NL 73 89 0.451 0.260 723 1457
## 13 13 Kansas City Royals AL 69 93 0.426 0.261 706 1447
## 14 14 Los Angeles Angels AL 94 68 0.580 0.284 822 1578
## 15 15 Los Angeles Dodgers NL 82 80 0.506 0.275 735 1544
## 16 16 Milwaukee Brewers NL 83 79 0.512 0.262 801 1455
## 17 17 Minnesota Twins AL 79 83 0.488 0.264 718 1460
## 18 18 New York Mets NL 88 74 0.543 0.275 804 1543
## 19 19 New York Yankees AL 94 68 0.580 0.290 968 1656
## 20 20 Oakland Athletics AL 76 86 0.469 0.256 741 1430
## 21 21 Philadelphia Phillies NL 89 73 0.549 0.274 892 1558
## 22 22 Pittsburgh Pirates NL 68 94 0.420 0.263 724 1463
## 23 23 San Diego Padres NL 89 74 0.546 0.251 741 1408
## 24 24 San Francisco Giants NL 71 91 0.438 0.254 683 1407
## 25 25 Seattle Mariners AL 88 74 0.543 0.287 794 1629
## 26 26 St. Louis Cardinals NL 78 84 0.481 0.274 725 1513
## 27 27 Tampa Bay Devil Rays AL 66 96 0.407 0.268 782 1500
## 28 28 Texas Rangers AL 75 87 0.463 0.263 816 1460
## 29 29 Toronto Blue Jays AL 83 79 0.512 0.259 753 1434
## 30 30 Washington Nationals NL 73 89 0.451 0.256 673 1415
## HR Doubles Triples RBI SB OBP SLG ERA HitsAllowed Walks
## 1 171 286 40 687 109 0.321 0.413 4.13 1446 546
## 2 176 328 27 781 64 0.339 0.435 4.11 1442 537
## 3 142 306 30 718 144 0.333 0.412 5.17 1491 696
## 4 166 352 35 829 96 0.362 0.444 3.87 1350 482
## 5 151 340 28 711 86 0.333 0.422 4.04 1340 573
## 6 190 249 20 667 78 0.318 0.404 4.77 1556 499
## 7 204 293 23 747 97 0.335 0.436 4.94 1605 482
## 8 178 305 27 784 72 0.343 0.428 4.05 1519 410
## 9 171 313 36 823 100 0.354 0.437 4.32 1497 504
## 10 177 352 50 857 103 0.345 0.458 4.57 1498 566
## 11 201 340 38 749 105 0.336 0.448 4.94 1617 661
## 12 167 293 30 700 65 0.330 0.412 4.68 1566 510
## 13 102 300 46 660 78 0.322 0.388 4.48 1547 520
## 14 123 324 23 776 139 0.345 0.417 4.23 1480 477
## 15 129 276 35 706 137 0.337 0.406 4.20 1443 518
## 16 231 310 37 774 96 0.329 0.456 4.41 1513 507
## 17 118 273 36 671 112 0.330 0.391 4.15 1505 420
## 18 177 294 27 761 200 0.342 0.432 4.26 1415 570
## 19 201 326 32 929 123 0.366 0.463 4.49 1498 578
## 20 171 295 16 711 52 0.338 0.407 4.28 1468 530
## 21 213 326 41 850 138 0.354 0.458 4.73 1555 558
## 22 148 322 31 694 68 0.325 0.411 4.93 1627 518
## 23 171 322 31 704 55 0.322 0.411 3.70 1406 474
## 24 131 267 37 641 119 0.322 0.387 4.19 1442 593
## 25 153 284 22 754 81 0.337 0.425 4.73 1578 546
## 26 141 279 13 690 56 0.337 0.405 4.65 1514 509
## 27 187 291 36 750 131 0.336 0.433 5.53 1649 568
## 28 179 298 36 768 88 0.328 0.426 4.75 1525 668
## 29 165 344 24 719 57 0.327 0.419 4.00 1383 479
## 30 123 309 31 646 69 0.325 0.390 4.58 1502 580
## StrikeOuts Saves WHIP
## 1 1088 51 1.38
## 2 1106 36 1.36
## 3 1087 30 1.52
## 4 1149 45 1.27
## 5 1211 39 1.32
## 6 1015 42 1.43
## 7 1068 34 1.44
## 8 1047 49 1.32
## 9 967 39 1.36
## 10 1047 44 1.43
## 11 1142 40 1.58
## 12 1109 38 1.42
## 13 993 36 1.44
## 14 1156 43 1.36
## 15 1184 43 1.35
## 16 1174 49 1.40
## 17 1094 38 1.34
## 18 1134 39 1.37
## 19 1009 34 1.43
## 20 1036 36 1.38
## 21 1050 42 1.45
## 22 997 32 1.48
## 23 1136 45 1.27
## 24 1057 37 1.40
## 25 1020 43 1.48
## 26 945 34 1.41
## 27 1194 28 1.55
## 28 976 42 1.53
## 29 1067 44 1.29
## 30 931 46 1.44
str(mlb2007standings_table)
## 'data.frame': 30 obs. of 22 variables:
## $ X : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ Team : Factor w/ 30 levels "Arizona Diamondbacks",..: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ League : Factor w/ 2 levels "AL","NL": 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 ...
## $ Wins : int 90 84 69 96 85 72 72 96 90 88 ...
## $ Losses : int 72 78 93 66 77 90 90 66 73 74 ...
## $ WinPct : num 0.556 0.519 0.426 0.593 0.525 0.444 0.444 0.593 0.552 0.543 ...
## $ BattingAvg : num 0.25 0.275 0.272 0.279 0.271 0.246 0.267 0.268 0.28 0.287 ...
## $ Runs : int 712 810 756 867 752 693 783 811 860 887 ...
## $ Hits : int 1350 1562 1529 1561 1530 1341 1496 1504 1591 1652 ...
## $ HR : int 171 176 142 166 151 190 204 178 171 177 ...
## $ Doubles : int 286 328 306 352 340 249 293 305 313 352 ...
## $ Triples : int 40 27 30 35 28 20 23 27 36 50 ...
## $ RBI : int 687 781 718 829 711 667 747 784 823 857 ...
## $ SB : int 109 64 144 96 86 78 97 72 100 103 ...
## $ OBP : num 0.321 0.339 0.333 0.362 0.333 0.318 0.335 0.343 0.354 0.345 ...
## $ SLG : num 0.413 0.435 0.412 0.444 0.422 0.404 0.436 0.428 0.437 0.458 ...
## $ ERA : num 4.13 4.11 5.17 3.87 4.04 4.77 4.94 4.05 4.32 4.57 ...
## $ HitsAllowed: int 1446 1442 1491 1350 1340 1556 1605 1519 1497 1498 ...
## $ Walks : int 546 537 696 482 573 499 482 410 504 566 ...
## $ StrikeOuts : int 1088 1106 1087 1149 1211 1015 1068 1047 967 1047 ...
## $ Saves : int 51 36 30 45 39 42 34 49 39 44 ...
## $ WHIP : num 1.38 1.36 1.52 1.27 1.32 1.43 1.44 1.32 1.36 1.43 ...
summary(mlb2007standings_table)
## X Team League Wins
## Min. : 1.00 Arizona Diamondbacks: 1 AL:14 Min. :66.00
## 1st Qu.: 8.25 Atlanta Braves : 1 NL:16 1st Qu.:72.25
## Median :15.50 Baltimore Orioles : 1 Median :82.50
## Mean :15.50 Boston Red Sox : 1 Mean :81.03
## 3rd Qu.:22.75 Chicago Cubs : 1 3rd Qu.:88.75
## Max. :30.00 Chicago White Sox : 1 Max. :96.00
## (Other) :24
## Losses WinPct BattingAvg Runs
## Min. :66.00 Min. :0.4070 Min. :0.2460 Min. :673.0
## 1st Qu.:74.00 1st Qu.:0.4457 1st Qu.:0.2602 1st Qu.:724.2
## Median :79.50 Median :0.5090 Median :0.2675 Median :769.0
## Mean :81.03 Mean :0.4999 Mean :0.2679 Mean :777.4
## 3rd Qu.:89.75 3rd Qu.:0.5453 3rd Qu.:0.2750 3rd Qu.:810.8
## Max. :96.00 Max. :0.5930 Max. :0.2900 Max. :968.0
##
## Hits HR Doubles Triples
## Min. :1341 Min. :102.0 Min. :249.0 Min. :13.00
## 1st Qu.:1449 1st Qu.:143.5 1st Qu.:291.5 1st Qu.:27.00
## Median :1502 Median :171.0 Median :305.5 Median :31.00
## Mean :1499 Mean :165.2 Mean :306.6 Mean :31.27
## 3rd Qu.:1554 3rd Qu.:178.8 3rd Qu.:325.5 3rd Qu.:36.00
## Max. :1656 Max. :231.0 Max. :352.0 Max. :50.00
##
## RBI SB OBP SLG
## Min. :641.0 Min. : 52.00 Min. :0.3180 Min. :0.3870
## 1st Qu.:695.5 1st Qu.: 69.75 1st Qu.:0.3272 1st Qu.:0.4080
## Median :733.0 Median : 96.00 Median :0.3355 Median :0.4205
## Mean :741.9 Mean : 97.27 Mean :0.3357 Mean :0.4225
## 3rd Qu.:775.5 3rd Qu.:117.25 3rd Qu.:0.3412 3rd Qu.:0.4358
## Max. :929.0 Max. :200.00 Max. :0.3660 Max. :0.4630
##
## ERA HitsAllowed Walks StrikeOuts
## Min. :3.700 Min. :1340 Min. :410.0 Min. : 931
## 1st Qu.:4.160 1st Qu.:1444 1st Qu.:500.2 1st Qu.:1016
## Median :4.445 Median :1500 Median :525.0 Median :1068
## Mean :4.463 Mean :1499 Mean :536.0 Mean :1073
## 3rd Qu.:4.730 3rd Qu.:1553 3rd Qu.:569.5 3rd Qu.:1136
## Max. :5.530 Max. :1649 Max. :696.0 Max. :1211
##
## Saves WHIP
## Min. :28.00 Min. :1.270
## 1st Qu.:36.00 1st Qu.:1.360
## Median :39.50 Median :1.405
## Mean :39.93 Mean :1.407
## 3rd Qu.:43.75 3rd Qu.:1.440
## Max. :51.00 Max. :1.580
##
#Nothing stands out as looking incorrect
Basic Histogram of Wins
hist(mlb2007standings_table$Wins,main="MLB 2007 Wins Histogram", xlab="Team Wins",col="gray",border="blue")
#4 teams won more than 90 games and 4 teams won 70 or less games.
#It is also interesting that 71-75 and 86-90 were the bins with the highest frequency.
#Given that there are 162 games in a season,
#I would have expected the bin with the highest frequency to be closer to 81 wins.
Basic Scatterplot of ERA and WHIP
plot(ERA ~ WHIP, data=mlb2007standings_table)
#Unsurprisingly, it looks like there is a direct relationship between ERA and WHIP.
#As walks and hits increase, I would expect earned runs to increase as well.
Basic Boxplot of WHIP
boxplot(mlb2007standings_table$WHIP)
#There is an outlier. The Florida Marlins had a WHIP of 1.58 (0.17 above the median).
#Sergio Mitre (1.48) had the lowest WHIP of their starting pitchers, and that is still very high.
ggplot Histogram of Wins
#Loading the library to create ggplot versions
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(data=mlb2007standings_table) + geom_histogram(aes(x=Wins))
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
#The bin size is different than the basic histogram and it paints a different story.
#3 teams won 88 games. That is the only win amount with a frequency greater than 2.
ggplot Scatterplot of Wins and Runs
#Saving ggplot scatterplot in variable
g <- ggplot(mlb2007standings_table, aes(x=Runs, y=Wins)) + geom_point()
#Adding color to indicate league
g + geom_point(aes(color=League))
#Creating separate scatterplots by league
g + geom_point(aes(color=League)) + facet_wrap(~League)
#Unsurprisingly, there is a direct relationship between runs scored and wins.
#As expected, it doesn't look as strong as the direct relationship between WHIP and ERA though since run prevention is not included.
ggplot Boxplots of WHIP by League
ggplot(mlb2007standings_table, aes(y=WHIP, x=League)) + geom_boxplot()
#The National League had a lower median WHIP. Their 75th percentile WHIP was very close to the AL median.
#Besides the Marlins (metioned above), the NL teams were more concentrated in their WHIPs.
#The middle 50% box is smaller than the AL.