R Bridge Course Final Project

Load Data into R

tips <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vincentarelbundock/Rdatasets/master/csv/reshape2/tips.csv")
str(tips)

## 'data.frame':    244 obs. of  8 variables:
##  $ X         : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ total_bill: num  17 10.3 21 23.7 24.6 ...
##  $ tip       : num  1.01 1.66 3.5 3.31 3.61 4.71 2 3.12 1.96 3.23 ...
##  $ sex       : Factor w/ 2 levels "Female","Male": 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 ...
##  $ smoker    : Factor w/ 2 levels "No","Yes": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ day       : Factor w/ 4 levels "Fri","Sat","Sun",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
##  $ time      : Factor w/ 2 levels "Dinner","Lunch": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ size      : int  2 3 3 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 ...

Part 1

Data Exploration: Means, Medians, Quartiles

head(tips)

##   X total_bill  tip    sex smoker day   time size
## 1 1      16.99 1.01 Female     No Sun Dinner    2
## 2 2      10.34 1.66   Male     No Sun Dinner    3
## 3 3      21.01 3.50   Male     No Sun Dinner    3
## 4 4      23.68 3.31   Male     No Sun Dinner    2
## 5 5      24.59 3.61 Female     No Sun Dinner    4
## 6 6      25.29 4.71   Male     No Sun Dinner    4

summary(tips)

##        X            total_bill         tip             sex      smoker   
##  Min.   :  1.00   Min.   : 3.07   Min.   : 1.000   Female: 87   No :151  
##  1st Qu.: 61.75   1st Qu.:13.35   1st Qu.: 2.000   Male  :157   Yes: 93  
##  Median :122.50   Median :17.80   Median : 2.900                         
##  Mean   :122.50   Mean   :19.79   Mean   : 2.998                         
##  3rd Qu.:183.25   3rd Qu.:24.13   3rd Qu.: 3.562                         
##  Max.   :244.00   Max.   :50.81   Max.   :10.000                         
##    day         time          size     
##  Fri :19   Dinner:176   Min.   :1.00  
##  Sat :87   Lunch : 68   1st Qu.:2.00  
##  Sun :76                Median :2.00  
##  Thur:62                Mean   :2.57  
##                         3rd Qu.:3.00  
##                         Max.   :6.00

The mean price for the total bill for each of the 244 checks is $19.74, with an average tip price of $2.998. Most of the checks were from dinner, with most customers coming in on a Sunday. The average party size was 2.57, or 3 rounded to the nearest whole-person.

mean(tips$tip)/mean(tips$total_bill)

## [1] 0.1515358

It appears that the percentage of the total tips is around 15.2% of the total bill.

Part 2

tips$newcol <- paste(tips$day, tips$time, sep=" ")
head(tips)

##   X total_bill  tip    sex smoker day   time size     newcol
## 1 1      16.99 1.01 Female     No Sun Dinner    2 Sun Dinner
## 2 2      10.34 1.66   Male     No Sun Dinner    3 Sun Dinner
## 3 3      21.01 3.50   Male     No Sun Dinner    3 Sun Dinner
## 4 4      23.68 3.31   Male     No Sun Dinner    2 Sun Dinner
## 5 5      24.59 3.61 Female     No Sun Dinner    4 Sun Dinner
## 6 6      25.29 4.71   Male     No Sun Dinner    4 Sun Dinner

newdata <- subset(tips, select = c(total_bill, tip, sex, smoker, newcol, size))
head(newdata)

##   total_bill  tip    sex smoker     newcol size
## 1      16.99 1.01 Female     No Sun Dinner    2
## 2      10.34 1.66   Male     No Sun Dinner    3
## 3      21.01 3.50   Male     No Sun Dinner    3
## 4      23.68 3.31   Male     No Sun Dinner    2
## 5      24.59 3.61 Female     No Sun Dinner    4
## 6      25.29 4.71   Male     No Sun Dinner    4

colnames (newdata) <- c("Total", "Tip", "Gender", "Smoker", "Meal", "Party Size")
head (newdata)

##   Total  Tip Gender Smoker       Meal Party Size
## 1 16.99 1.01 Female     No Sun Dinner          2
## 2 10.34 1.66   Male     No Sun Dinner          3
## 3 21.01 3.50   Male     No Sun Dinner          3
## 4 23.68 3.31   Male     No Sun Dinner          2
## 5 24.59 3.61 Female     No Sun Dinner          4
## 6 25.29 4.71   Male     No Sun Dinner          4

Part 3

scatterplot <- subset(newdata, select = c(Tip, Total))
head(scatterplot)

##    Tip Total
## 1 1.01 16.99
## 2 1.66 10.34
## 3 3.50 21.01
## 4 3.31 23.68
## 5 3.61 24.59
## 6 4.71 25.29

attach(scatterplot)
plot(Total, Tip, main="Tip Ratio", 
    xlab="Total Bill ", ylab="Tip Amount ")

boxplotdata <- subset(newdata, select = c(Meal, Total))
head (boxplotdata)

##         Meal Total
## 1 Sun Dinner 16.99
## 2 Sun Dinner 10.34
## 3 Sun Dinner 21.01
## 4 Sun Dinner 23.68
## 5 Sun Dinner 24.59
## 6 Sun Dinner 25.29

boxplot(Total~Meal, data = boxplotdata, main="Price of Meals at Specific Times", xlab = "Meal Time", ylab = "Total Price" )

hist(newdata$`Party Size`, main="Number of Diners", xlab = "Party Size")

##Part 4
###I'd like to find out, based on subsetting data, if larger than 2 tend to tip more than just two dinners. I'd also like to see if smokers tend to tip more and if males or females tend to tip higher based on the total price of the meal.

####create a percentage of tip amount in a new column
newdata <- transform(newdata, new = Tip / Total)
newdata

##     Total   Tip Gender Smoker        Meal Party.Size        new
## 1   16.99  1.01 Female     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.05944673
## 2   10.34  1.66   Male     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.16054159
## 3   21.01  3.50   Male     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.16658734
## 4   23.68  3.31   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.13978041
## 5   24.59  3.61 Female     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.14680765
## 6   25.29  4.71   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.18623962
## 7    8.77  2.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.22805017
## 8   26.88  3.12   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.11607143
## 9   15.04  1.96   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.13031915
## 10  14.78  3.23   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.21853857
## 11  10.27  1.71   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.16650438
## 12  35.26  5.00 Female     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.14180374
## 13  15.42  1.57   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.10181582
## 14  18.43  3.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.16277808
## 15  14.83  3.02 Female     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.20364127
## 16  21.58  3.92   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.18164968
## 17  10.33  1.67 Female     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.16166505
## 18  16.29  3.71   Male     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.22774708
## 19  16.97  3.50 Female     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.20624632
## 20  20.65  3.35   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.16222760
## 21  17.92  4.08   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.22767857
## 22  20.29  2.75 Female     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.13553475
## 23  15.77  2.23 Female     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.14140774
## 24  39.42  7.58   Male     No  Sat Dinner          4 0.19228818
## 25  19.82  3.18   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.16044400
## 26  17.81  2.34   Male     No  Sat Dinner          4 0.13138686
## 27  13.37  2.00   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.14958863
## 28  12.69  2.00   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.15760441
## 29  21.70  4.30   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.19815668
## 30  19.65  3.00 Female     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.15267176
## 31   9.55  1.45   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.15183246
## 32  18.35  2.50   Male     No  Sat Dinner          4 0.13623978
## 33  15.06  3.00 Female     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.19920319
## 34  20.69  2.45 Female     No  Sat Dinner          4 0.11841469
## 35  17.78  3.27   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.18391451
## 36  24.06  3.60   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.14962594
## 37  16.31  2.00   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.12262416
## 38  16.93  3.07 Female     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.18133491
## 39  18.69  2.31   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.12359551
## 40  31.27  5.00   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.15989767
## 41  16.04  2.24   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.13965087
## 42  17.46  2.54   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.14547537
## 43  13.94  3.06   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.21951220
## 44   9.68  1.32   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.13636364
## 45  30.40  5.60   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.18421053
## 46  18.29  3.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.16402406
## 47  22.23  5.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.22492128
## 48  32.40  6.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.18518519
## 49  28.55  2.05   Male     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.07180385
## 50  18.04  3.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.16629712
## 51  12.54  2.50   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.19936204
## 52  10.29  2.60 Female     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.25267250
## 53  34.81  5.20 Female     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.14938236
## 54   9.94  1.56   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.15694165
## 55  25.56  4.34   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.16979656
## 56  19.49  3.51   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.18009236
## 57  38.01  3.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          4 0.07892660
## 58  26.41  1.50 Female     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.05679667
## 59  11.24  1.76   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.15658363
## 60  48.27  6.73   Male     No  Sat Dinner          4 0.13942407
## 61  20.29  3.21   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.15820601
## 62  13.81  2.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.14482259
## 63  11.02  1.98   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.17967332
## 64  18.29  3.76   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          4 0.20557682
## 65  17.59  2.64   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.15008528
## 66  20.08  3.15   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.15687251
## 67  16.45  2.47 Female     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.15015198
## 68   3.07  1.00 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          1 0.32573290
## 69  20.23  2.01   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.09935739
## 70  15.01  2.09   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.13924051
## 71  12.02  1.97   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.16389351
## 72  17.07  3.00 Female     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.17574692
## 73  26.86  3.14 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.11690246
## 74  25.28  5.00 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.19778481
## 75  14.73  2.20 Female     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.14935506
## 76  10.51  1.25   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.11893435
## 77  17.92  3.08   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.17187500
## 78  27.20  4.00   Male     No  Thur Lunch          4 0.14705882
## 79  22.76  3.00   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.13181019
## 80  17.29  2.71   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.15673800
## 81  19.44  3.00   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.15432099
## 82  16.66  3.40   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.20408163
## 83  10.07  1.83 Female     No  Thur Lunch          1 0.18172790
## 84  32.68  5.00   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.15299878
## 85  15.98  2.03   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.12703379
## 86  34.83  5.17 Female     No  Thur Lunch          4 0.14843526
## 87  13.03  2.00   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.15349194
## 88  18.28  4.00   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.21881838
## 89  24.71  5.85   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.23674626
## 90  21.16  3.00   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.14177694
## 91  28.97  3.00   Male    Yes  Fri Dinner          2 0.10355540
## 92  22.49  3.50   Male     No  Fri Dinner          2 0.15562472
## 93   5.75  1.00 Female    Yes  Fri Dinner          2 0.17391304
## 94  16.32  4.30 Female    Yes  Fri Dinner          2 0.26348039
## 95  22.75  3.25 Female     No  Fri Dinner          2 0.14285714
## 96  40.17  4.73   Male    Yes  Fri Dinner          4 0.11774956
## 97  27.28  4.00   Male    Yes  Fri Dinner          2 0.14662757
## 98  12.03  1.50   Male    Yes  Fri Dinner          2 0.12468828
## 99  21.01  3.00   Male    Yes  Fri Dinner          2 0.14278915
## 100 12.46  1.50   Male     No  Fri Dinner          2 0.12038523
## 101 11.35  2.50 Female    Yes  Fri Dinner          2 0.22026432
## 102 15.38  3.00 Female    Yes  Fri Dinner          2 0.19505852
## 103 44.30  2.50 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          3 0.05643341
## 104 22.42  3.48 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.15521855
## 105 20.92  4.08 Female     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.19502868
## 106 15.36  1.64   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.10677083
## 107 20.49  4.06   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.19814544
## 108 25.21  4.29   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.17017057
## 109 18.24  3.76   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.20614035
## 110 14.31  4.00 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.27952481
## 111 14.00  3.00   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.21428571
## 112  7.25  1.00 Female     No  Sat Dinner          1 0.13793103
## 113 38.07  4.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.10506961
## 114 23.95  2.55   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.10647182
## 115 25.71  4.00 Female     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.15558149
## 116 17.31  3.50 Female     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.20219526
## 117 29.93  5.07   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.16939526
## 118 10.65  1.50 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.14084507
## 119 12.43  1.80 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.14481094
## 120 24.08  2.92 Female     No  Thur Lunch          4 0.12126246
## 121 11.69  2.31   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.19760479
## 122 13.42  1.68 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.12518629
## 123 14.26  2.50   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.17531557
## 124 15.95  2.00   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.12539185
## 125 12.48  2.52 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.20192308
## 126 29.80  4.20 Female     No  Thur Lunch          6 0.14093960
## 127  8.52  1.48   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.17370892
## 128 14.52  2.00 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.13774105
## 129 11.38  2.00 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.17574692
## 130 22.82  2.18   Male     No  Thur Lunch          3 0.09553024
## 131 19.08  1.50   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.07861635
## 132 20.27  2.83 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.13961519
## 133 11.17  1.50 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.13428827
## 134 12.26  2.00 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.16313214
## 135 18.26  3.25 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.17798467
## 136  8.51  1.25 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.14688602
## 137 10.33  2.00 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.19361084
## 138 14.15  2.00 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.14134276
## 139 16.00  2.00   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.12500000
## 140 13.16  2.75 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.20896657
## 141 17.47  3.50 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.20034345
## 142 34.30  6.70   Male     No  Thur Lunch          6 0.19533528
## 143 41.19  5.00   Male     No  Thur Lunch          5 0.12138869
## 144 27.05  5.00 Female     No  Thur Lunch          6 0.18484288
## 145 16.43  2.30 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.13998783
## 146  8.35  1.50 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.17964072
## 147 18.64  1.36 Female     No  Thur Lunch          3 0.07296137
## 148 11.87  1.63 Female     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.13732098
## 149  9.78  1.73   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.17689162
## 150  7.51  2.00   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.26631158
## 151 14.07  2.50   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.17768301
## 152 13.13  2.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.15232292
## 153 17.26  2.74   Male     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.15874855
## 154 24.55  2.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.08146640
## 155 19.77  2.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.10116338
## 156 29.85  5.14 Female     No  Sun Dinner          5 0.17219430
## 157 48.17  5.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          6 0.10379905
## 158 25.00  3.75 Female     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.15000000
## 159 13.39  2.61 Female     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.19492158
## 160 16.49  2.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.12128563
## 161 21.50  3.50   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.16279070
## 162 12.66  2.50   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.19747235
## 163 16.21  2.00 Female     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.12338063
## 164 13.81  2.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.14482259
## 165 17.51  3.00 Female    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.17133067
## 166 24.52  3.48   Male     No  Sun Dinner          3 0.14192496
## 167 20.76  2.24   Male     No  Sun Dinner          2 0.10789981
## 168 31.71  4.50   Male     No  Sun Dinner          4 0.14191107
## 169 10.59  1.61 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.15203022
## 170 10.63  2.00 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.18814675
## 171 50.81 10.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          3 0.19681165
## 172 15.81  3.16   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.19987350
## 173  7.25  5.15   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.71034483
## 174 31.85  3.18   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.09984301
## 175 16.82  4.00   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.23781213
## 176 32.90  3.11   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.09452888
## 177 17.89  2.00   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.11179430
## 178 14.48  2.00   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.13812155
## 179  9.60  4.00 Female    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.41666667
## 180 34.63  3.55   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.10251227
## 181 34.65  3.68   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          4 0.10620491
## 182 23.33  5.65   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.24217745
## 183 45.35  3.50   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          3 0.07717751
## 184 23.17  6.50   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          4 0.28053517
## 185 40.55  3.00   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.07398274
## 186 20.69  5.00   Male     No  Sun Dinner          5 0.24166264
## 187 20.90  3.50 Female    Yes  Sun Dinner          3 0.16746411
## 188 30.46  2.00   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          5 0.06565988
## 189 18.15  3.50 Female    Yes  Sun Dinner          3 0.19283747
## 190 23.10  4.00   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          3 0.17316017
## 191 15.69  1.50   Male    Yes  Sun Dinner          2 0.09560229
## 192 19.81  4.19 Female    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.21150934
## 193 28.44  2.56   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.09001406
## 194 15.48  2.02   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.13049096
## 195 16.58  4.00   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.24125452
## 196  7.56  1.44   Male     No  Thur Lunch          2 0.19047619
## 197 10.34  2.00   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.19342360
## 198 43.11  5.00 Female    Yes  Thur Lunch          4 0.11598237
## 199 13.00  2.00 Female    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.15384615
## 200 13.51  2.00   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.14803849
## 201 18.71  4.00   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          3 0.21378942
## 202 12.74  2.01 Female    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.15777080
## 203 13.00  2.00 Female    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.15384615
## 204 16.40  2.50 Female    Yes  Thur Lunch          2 0.15243902
## 205 20.53  4.00   Male    Yes  Thur Lunch          4 0.19483682
## 206 16.47  3.23 Female    Yes  Thur Lunch          3 0.19611415
## 207 26.59  3.41   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          3 0.12824370
## 208 38.73  3.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          4 0.07745933
## 209 24.27  2.03   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.08364236
## 210 12.76  2.23 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.17476489
## 211 30.06  2.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          3 0.06653360
## 212 25.89  5.16   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          4 0.19930475
## 213 48.33  9.00   Male     No  Sat Dinner          4 0.18621974
## 214 13.27  2.50 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.18839488
## 215 28.17  6.50 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          3 0.23074192
## 216 12.90  1.10 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.08527132
## 217 28.15  3.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          5 0.10657194
## 218 11.59  1.50   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.12942192
## 219  7.74  1.44   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.18604651
## 220 30.14  3.09 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          4 0.10252157
## 221 12.16  2.20   Male    Yes   Fri Lunch          2 0.18092105
## 222 13.42  3.48 Female    Yes   Fri Lunch          2 0.25931446
## 223  8.58  1.92   Male    Yes   Fri Lunch          1 0.22377622
## 224 15.98  3.00 Female     No   Fri Lunch          3 0.18773467
## 225 13.42  1.58   Male    Yes   Fri Lunch          2 0.11773472
## 226 16.27  2.50 Female    Yes   Fri Lunch          2 0.15365704
## 227 10.09  2.00 Female    Yes   Fri Lunch          2 0.19821606
## 228 20.45  3.00   Male     No  Sat Dinner          4 0.14669927
## 229 13.28  2.72   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.20481928
## 230 22.12  2.88 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.13019892
## 231 24.01  2.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          4 0.08329863
## 232 15.69  3.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          3 0.19120459
## 233 11.61  3.39   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.29198966
## 234 10.77  1.47   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.13649025
## 235 15.53  3.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.19317450
## 236 10.07  1.25   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.12413108
## 237 12.60  1.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.07936508
## 238 32.83  1.17   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.03563814
## 239 35.83  4.67 Female     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.13033771
## 240 29.03  5.92   Male     No  Sat Dinner          3 0.20392697
## 241 27.18  2.00 Female    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.07358352
## 242 22.67  2.00   Male    Yes  Sat Dinner          2 0.08822232
## 243 17.82  1.75   Male     No  Sat Dinner          2 0.09820426
## 244 18.78  3.00 Female     No Thur Dinner          2 0.15974441

newerdata <- subset(newdata, select = c(Total, Tip, Gender, Smoker, Meal, Party.Size, new))
head(newerdata)

##   Total  Tip Gender Smoker       Meal Party.Size        new
## 1 16.99 1.01 Female     No Sun Dinner          2 0.05944673
## 2 10.34 1.66   Male     No Sun Dinner          3 0.16054159
## 3 21.01 3.50   Male     No Sun Dinner          3 0.16658734
## 4 23.68 3.31   Male     No Sun Dinner          2 0.13978041
## 5 24.59 3.61 Female     No Sun Dinner          4 0.14680765
## 6 25.29 4.71   Male     No Sun Dinner          4 0.18623962

colnames (newerdata) <- c("Total", "Tip", "Gender", "Smoker", "Meal", "Party Size", "Percentage of Tip Left")
head(newerdata)

##   Total  Tip Gender Smoker       Meal Party Size Percentage of Tip Left
## 1 16.99 1.01 Female     No Sun Dinner          2             0.05944673
## 2 10.34 1.66   Male     No Sun Dinner          3             0.16054159
## 3 21.01 3.50   Male     No Sun Dinner          3             0.16658734
## 4 23.68 3.31   Male     No Sun Dinner          2             0.13978041
## 5 24.59 3.61 Female     No Sun Dinner          4             0.14680765
## 6 25.29 4.71   Male     No Sun Dinner          4             0.18623962

female.tips <- subset(newerdata, Gender == "Female", select = c("Percentage of Tip Left"))
mean(female.tips$`Percentage of Tip Left`)

## [1] 0.1664907

male.tips <- subset(newerdata, Gender == "Male", select = c("Percentage of Tip Left"))
mean(male.tips$`Percentage of Tip Left`)

## [1] 0.1576505

smokers.tips <- subset(newerdata, Smoker == "Yes", select = c("Percentage of Tip Left"))
mean(smokers.tips$`Percentage of Tip Left`)

## [1] 0.163196

nonsmokers.tips <- subset(newerdata, Smoker == "No", select = c("Percentage of Tip Left"))
mean(nonsmokers.tips$`Percentage of Tip Left`)

## [1] 0.1593285

largeparty.tips <- subset(newerdata, `Party Size` >= 3, select = c("Percentage of Tip Left"))
mean(largeparty.tips$`Percentage of Tip Left`)

## [1] 0.1489818

smallparty.tips <- subset(newerdata, `Party Size` <= 2, select = c("Percentage of Tip Left"))
mean(smallparty.tips$`Percentage of Tip Left`)

## [1] 0.1670085

based on the information above, it appears that smaller parties (2 people of less) left the highest percentage of tips based on the price of their meals compared to larger parties. Parties with a female paying the bill tended to tip more than male check payers. Smokers tended to tip higher than non-smokers. Of course, in this analysis I did not isolate these variables, so there is a chance that a male nonsmoker from a large party tipped well. I think if I could figure out how to use if/and function in R, this analysis would have went a little smoother. I could continue to analyze this data and make a box plot to illustrate the amount of tips left by the time of the meal.