## Settings for RMarkdown http://yihui.name/knitr/options#chunk_options
opts_chunk$set(comment = "", warning = FALSE, message = FALSE, tidy = FALSE,
echo = TRUE, fig.width = 7, fig.height = 7)
options(width = 116, scipen = 10)
Sometimes we get data in array-format (matrix if 2-dimentional). But this form may not be covenient for some use.
Titanic
, , Age = Child, Survived = No
Sex
Class Male Female
1st 0 0
2nd 0 0
3rd 35 17
Crew 0 0
, , Age = Adult, Survived = No
Sex
Class Male Female
1st 118 4
2nd 154 13
3rd 387 89
Crew 670 3
, , Age = Child, Survived = Yes
Sex
Class Male Female
1st 5 1
2nd 11 13
3rd 13 14
Crew 0 0
, , Age = Adult, Survived = Yes
Sex
Class Male Female
1st 57 140
2nd 14 80
3rd 75 76
Crew 192 20
For better view and interpretation, ftable() function is useful.
ftable(Titanic)
Survived No Yes
Class Sex Age
1st Male Child 0 5
Adult 118 57
Female Child 0 1
Adult 4 140
2nd Male Child 0 11
Adult 154 14
Female Child 0 13
Adult 13 80
3rd Male Child 35 13
Adult 387 75
Female Child 17 14
Adult 89 76
Crew Male Child 0 0
Adult 670 192
Female Child 0 0
Adult 3 20
To get the raw data (individual-level data), the epitools package has a convenient function called expand.table().
library(epitools)
Titanic.raw <- expand.table(Titanic)
Titanic.raw
Class Sex Age Survived
1 1st Male Child Yes
2 1st Male Child Yes
3 1st Male Child Yes
4 1st Male Child Yes
5 1st Male Child Yes
6 1st Male Adult No
7 1st Male Adult No
8 1st Male Adult No
9 1st Male Adult No
10 1st Male Adult No
11 1st Male Adult No
12 1st Male Adult No
13 1st Male Adult No
14 1st Male Adult No
15 1st Male Adult No
16 1st Male Adult No
17 1st Male Adult No
18 1st Male Adult No
19 1st Male Adult No
20 1st Male Adult No
21 1st Male Adult No
22 1st Male Adult No
23 1st Male Adult No
24 1st Male Adult No
25 1st Male Adult No
26 1st Male Adult No
27 1st Male Adult No
28 1st Male Adult No
29 1st Male Adult No
30 1st Male Adult No
31 1st Male Adult No
32 1st Male Adult No
33 1st Male Adult No
34 1st Male Adult No
35 1st Male Adult No
36 1st Male Adult No
37 1st Male Adult No
38 1st Male Adult No
39 1st Male Adult No
40 1st Male Adult No
41 1st Male Adult No
42 1st Male Adult No
43 1st Male Adult No
44 1st Male Adult No
45 1st Male Adult No
46 1st Male Adult No
47 1st Male Adult No
48 1st Male Adult No
49 1st Male Adult No
50 1st Male Adult No
51 1st Male Adult No
52 1st Male Adult No
53 1st Male Adult No
54 1st Male Adult No
55 1st Male Adult No
56 1st Male Adult No
57 1st Male Adult No
58 1st Male Adult No
59 1st Male Adult No
60 1st Male Adult No
61 1st Male Adult No
62 1st Male Adult No
63 1st Male Adult No
64 1st Male Adult No
65 1st Male Adult No
66 1st Male Adult No
67 1st Male Adult No
68 1st Male Adult No
69 1st Male Adult No
70 1st Male Adult No
71 1st Male Adult No
72 1st Male Adult No
73 1st Male Adult No
74 1st Male Adult No
75 1st Male Adult No
76 1st Male Adult No
77 1st Male Adult No
78 1st Male Adult No
79 1st Male Adult No
80 1st Male Adult No
81 1st Male Adult No
82 1st Male Adult No
83 1st Male Adult No
84 1st Male Adult No
85 1st Male Adult No
86 1st Male Adult No
87 1st Male Adult No
88 1st Male Adult No
89 1st Male Adult No
90 1st Male Adult No
91 1st Male Adult No
92 1st Male Adult No
93 1st Male Adult No
94 1st Male Adult No
95 1st Male Adult No
96 1st Male Adult No
97 1st Male Adult No
98 1st Male Adult No
99 1st Male Adult No
100 1st Male Adult No
101 1st Male Adult No
102 1st Male Adult No
103 1st Male Adult No
104 1st Male Adult No
105 1st Male Adult No
106 1st Male Adult No
107 1st Male Adult No
108 1st Male Adult No
109 1st Male Adult No
110 1st Male Adult No
111 1st Male Adult No
112 1st Male Adult No
113 1st Male Adult No
114 1st Male Adult No
115 1st Male Adult No
116 1st Male Adult No
117 1st Male Adult No
118 1st Male Adult No
119 1st Male Adult No
120 1st Male Adult No
121 1st Male Adult No
122 1st Male Adult No
123 1st Male Adult No
124 1st Male Adult Yes
125 1st Male Adult Yes
126 1st Male Adult Yes
127 1st Male Adult Yes
128 1st Male Adult Yes
129 1st Male Adult Yes
130 1st Male Adult Yes
131 1st Male Adult Yes
132 1st Male Adult Yes
133 1st Male Adult Yes
134 1st Male Adult Yes
135 1st Male Adult Yes
136 1st Male Adult Yes
137 1st Male Adult Yes
138 1st Male Adult Yes
139 1st Male Adult Yes
140 1st Male Adult Yes
141 1st Male Adult Yes
142 1st Male Adult Yes
143 1st Male Adult Yes
144 1st Male Adult Yes
145 1st Male Adult Yes
146 1st Male Adult Yes
147 1st Male Adult Yes
148 1st Male Adult Yes
149 1st Male Adult Yes
150 1st Male Adult Yes
151 1st Male Adult Yes
152 1st Male Adult Yes
153 1st Male Adult Yes
154 1st Male Adult Yes
155 1st Male Adult Yes
156 1st Male Adult Yes
157 1st Male Adult Yes
158 1st Male Adult Yes
159 1st Male Adult Yes
160 1st Male Adult Yes
161 1st Male Adult Yes
162 1st Male Adult Yes
163 1st Male Adult Yes
164 1st Male Adult Yes
165 1st Male Adult Yes
166 1st Male Adult Yes
167 1st Male Adult Yes
168 1st Male Adult Yes
169 1st Male Adult Yes
170 1st Male Adult Yes
171 1st Male Adult Yes
172 1st Male Adult Yes
173 1st Male Adult Yes
174 1st Male Adult Yes
175 1st Male Adult Yes
176 1st Male Adult Yes
177 1st Male Adult Yes
178 1st Male Adult Yes
179 1st Male Adult Yes
180 1st Male Adult Yes
181 1st Female Child Yes
182 1st Female Adult No
183 1st Female Adult No
184 1st Female Adult No
185 1st Female Adult No
186 1st Female Adult Yes
187 1st Female Adult Yes
188 1st Female Adult Yes
189 1st Female Adult Yes
190 1st Female Adult Yes
191 1st Female Adult Yes
192 1st Female Adult Yes
193 1st Female Adult Yes
194 1st Female Adult Yes
195 1st Female Adult Yes
196 1st Female Adult Yes
197 1st Female Adult Yes
198 1st Female Adult Yes
199 1st Female Adult Yes
200 1st Female Adult Yes
201 1st Female Adult Yes
202 1st Female Adult Yes
203 1st Female Adult Yes
204 1st Female Adult Yes
205 1st Female Adult Yes
206 1st Female Adult Yes
207 1st Female Adult Yes
208 1st Female Adult Yes
209 1st Female Adult Yes
210 1st Female Adult Yes
211 1st Female Adult Yes
212 1st Female Adult Yes
213 1st Female Adult Yes
214 1st Female Adult Yes
215 1st Female Adult Yes
216 1st Female Adult Yes
217 1st Female Adult Yes
218 1st Female Adult Yes
219 1st Female Adult Yes
220 1st Female Adult Yes
221 1st Female Adult Yes
222 1st Female Adult Yes
223 1st Female Adult Yes
224 1st Female Adult Yes
225 1st Female Adult Yes
226 1st Female Adult Yes
227 1st Female Adult Yes
228 1st Female Adult Yes
229 1st Female Adult Yes
230 1st Female Adult Yes
231 1st Female Adult Yes
232 1st Female Adult Yes
233 1st Female Adult Yes
234 1st Female Adult Yes
235 1st Female Adult Yes
236 1st Female Adult Yes
237 1st Female Adult Yes
238 1st Female Adult Yes
239 1st Female Adult Yes
240 1st Female Adult Yes
241 1st Female Adult Yes
242 1st Female Adult Yes
243 1st Female Adult Yes
244 1st Female Adult Yes
245 1st Female Adult Yes
246 1st Female Adult Yes
247 1st Female Adult Yes
248 1st Female Adult Yes
249 1st Female Adult Yes
250 1st Female Adult Yes
251 1st Female Adult Yes
252 1st Female Adult Yes
253 1st Female Adult Yes
254 1st Female Adult Yes
255 1st Female Adult Yes
256 1st Female Adult Yes
257 1st Female Adult Yes
258 1st Female Adult Yes
259 1st Female Adult Yes
260 1st Female Adult Yes
261 1st Female Adult Yes
262 1st Female Adult Yes
263 1st Female Adult Yes
264 1st Female Adult Yes
265 1st Female Adult Yes
266 1st Female Adult Yes
267 1st Female Adult Yes
268 1st Female Adult Yes
269 1st Female Adult Yes
270 1st Female Adult Yes
271 1st Female Adult Yes
272 1st Female Adult Yes
273 1st Female Adult Yes
274 1st Female Adult Yes
275 1st Female Adult Yes
276 1st Female Adult Yes
277 1st Female Adult Yes
278 1st Female Adult Yes
279 1st Female Adult Yes
280 1st Female Adult Yes
281 1st Female Adult Yes
282 1st Female Adult Yes
283 1st Female Adult Yes
284 1st Female Adult Yes
285 1st Female Adult Yes
286 1st Female Adult Yes
287 1st Female Adult Yes
288 1st Female Adult Yes
289 1st Female Adult Yes
290 1st Female Adult Yes
291 1st Female Adult Yes
292 1st Female Adult Yes
293 1st Female Adult Yes
294 1st Female Adult Yes
295 1st Female Adult Yes
296 1st Female Adult Yes
297 1st Female Adult Yes
298 1st Female Adult Yes
299 1st Female Adult Yes
300 1st Female Adult Yes
301 1st Female Adult Yes
302 1st Female Adult Yes
303 1st Female Adult Yes
304 1st Female Adult Yes
305 1st Female Adult Yes
306 1st Female Adult Yes
307 1st Female Adult Yes
308 1st Female Adult Yes
309 1st Female Adult Yes
310 1st Female Adult Yes
311 1st Female Adult Yes
312 1st Female Adult Yes
313 1st Female Adult Yes
314 1st Female Adult Yes
315 1st Female Adult Yes
316 1st Female Adult Yes
317 1st Female Adult Yes
318 1st Female Adult Yes
319 1st Female Adult Yes
320 1st Female Adult Yes
321 1st Female Adult Yes
322 1st Female Adult Yes
323 1st Female Adult Yes
324 1st Female Adult Yes
325 1st Female Adult Yes
326 2nd Male Child Yes
327 2nd Male Child Yes
328 2nd Male Child Yes
329 2nd Male Child Yes
330 2nd Male Child Yes
331 2nd Male Child Yes
332 2nd Male Child Yes
333 2nd Male Child Yes
334 2nd Male Child Yes
335 2nd Male Child Yes
336 2nd Male Child Yes
337 2nd Male Adult No
338 2nd Male Adult No
339 2nd Male Adult No
340 2nd Male Adult No
341 2nd Male Adult No
342 2nd Male Adult No
343 2nd Male Adult No
344 2nd Male Adult No
345 2nd Male Adult No
346 2nd Male Adult No
347 2nd Male Adult No
348 2nd Male Adult No
349 2nd Male Adult No
350 2nd Male Adult No
351 2nd Male Adult No
352 2nd Male Adult No
353 2nd Male Adult No
354 2nd Male Adult No
355 2nd Male Adult No
356 2nd Male Adult No
357 2nd Male Adult No
358 2nd Male Adult No
359 2nd Male Adult No
360 2nd Male Adult No
361 2nd Male Adult No
362 2nd Male Adult No
363 2nd Male Adult No
364 2nd Male Adult No
365 2nd Male Adult No
366 2nd Male Adult No
367 2nd Male Adult No
368 2nd Male Adult No
369 2nd Male Adult No
370 2nd Male Adult No
371 2nd Male Adult No
372 2nd Male Adult No
373 2nd Male Adult No
374 2nd Male Adult No
375 2nd Male Adult No
376 2nd Male Adult No
377 2nd Male Adult No
378 2nd Male Adult No
379 2nd Male Adult No
380 2nd Male Adult No
381 2nd Male Adult No
382 2nd Male Adult No
383 2nd Male Adult No
384 2nd Male Adult No
385 2nd Male Adult No
386 2nd Male Adult No
387 2nd Male Adult No
388 2nd Male Adult No
389 2nd Male Adult No
390 2nd Male Adult No
391 2nd Male Adult No
392 2nd Male Adult No
393 2nd Male Adult No
394 2nd Male Adult No
395 2nd Male Adult No
396 2nd Male Adult No
397 2nd Male Adult No
398 2nd Male Adult No
399 2nd Male Adult No
400 2nd Male Adult No
401 2nd Male Adult No
402 2nd Male Adult No
403 2nd Male Adult No
404 2nd Male Adult No
405 2nd Male Adult No
406 2nd Male Adult No
407 2nd Male Adult No
408 2nd Male Adult No
409 2nd Male Adult No
410 2nd Male Adult No
411 2nd Male Adult No
412 2nd Male Adult No
413 2nd Male Adult No
414 2nd Male Adult No
415 2nd Male Adult No
416 2nd Male Adult No
417 2nd Male Adult No
418 2nd Male Adult No
419 2nd Male Adult No
420 2nd Male Adult No
421 2nd Male Adult No
422 2nd Male Adult No
423 2nd Male Adult No
424 2nd Male Adult No
425 2nd Male Adult No
426 2nd Male Adult No
427 2nd Male Adult No
428 2nd Male Adult No
429 2nd Male Adult No
430 2nd Male Adult No
431 2nd Male Adult No
432 2nd Male Adult No
433 2nd Male Adult No
434 2nd Male Adult No
435 2nd Male Adult No
436 2nd Male Adult No
437 2nd Male Adult No
438 2nd Male Adult No
439 2nd Male Adult No
440 2nd Male Adult No
441 2nd Male Adult No
442 2nd Male Adult No
443 2nd Male Adult No
444 2nd Male Adult No
445 2nd Male Adult No
446 2nd Male Adult No
447 2nd Male Adult No
448 2nd Male Adult No
449 2nd Male Adult No
450 2nd Male Adult No
451 2nd Male Adult No
452 2nd Male Adult No
453 2nd Male Adult No
454 2nd Male Adult No
455 2nd Male Adult No
456 2nd Male Adult No
457 2nd Male Adult No
458 2nd Male Adult No
459 2nd Male Adult No
460 2nd Male Adult No
461 2nd Male Adult No
462 2nd Male Adult No
463 2nd Male Adult No
464 2nd Male Adult No
465 2nd Male Adult No
466 2nd Male Adult No
467 2nd Male Adult No
468 2nd Male Adult No
469 2nd Male Adult No
470 2nd Male Adult No
471 2nd Male Adult No
472 2nd Male Adult No
473 2nd Male Adult No
474 2nd Male Adult No
475 2nd Male Adult No
476 2nd Male Adult No
477 2nd Male Adult No
478 2nd Male Adult No
479 2nd Male Adult No
480 2nd Male Adult No
481 2nd Male Adult No
482 2nd Male Adult No
483 2nd Male Adult No
484 2nd Male Adult No
485 2nd Male Adult No
486 2nd Male Adult No
487 2nd Male Adult No
488 2nd Male Adult No
489 2nd Male Adult No
490 2nd Male Adult No
491 2nd Male Adult Yes
492 2nd Male Adult Yes
493 2nd Male Adult Yes
494 2nd Male Adult Yes
495 2nd Male Adult Yes
496 2nd Male Adult Yes
497 2nd Male Adult Yes
498 2nd Male Adult Yes
499 2nd Male Adult Yes
500 2nd Male Adult Yes
[ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 1701 rows ]