Problem Set # 4

Brendan Mulholland

date()
## [1] "Tue Nov 20 16:29:19 2012"

Due Date: November 20, 2012
Total Points: 30

1 Use the petrol consumption data set from Lecture 16 and build a regression tree to predict petrol consumption based on petrol tax, average income, amount of pavement and the proportion of the population with drivers licences. Plot the tree. Which variables are split first and second? Prune the tree leaving only three terminal nodes. Plot the final tree. (10)

Consumption = read.table("http://myweb.fsu.edu/jelsner/PetrolConsumption.txt", 
    header = TRUE)
head(Consumption)
##   Petrol.Tax Avg.Inc Pavement Prop.DL Petrol.Consumption
## 1        9.0    3571     1976   0.525                541
## 2        9.0    4092     1250   0.572                524
## 3        9.0    3865     1586   0.580                561
## 4        7.5    4870     2351   0.529                414
## 5        8.0    4399      431   0.544                410
## 6       10.0    5342     1333   0.571                457

(require(tree))
## Loading required package: tree
## Warning: package 'tree' was built under R version 2.15.2
## [1] TRUE
rtree = tree(Petrol.Consumption ~ ., data = Consumption)
plot(rtree)
text(rtree)

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-2

The first split is the proportion of drivers with licenses and the second split is the average income.

rtree1 = prune.tree(rtree, best = 3)
plot(rtree1)
text(rtree1)

plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-3

2 Use the data from Lecture 18 to model the probability of O-ring damage as a logistic regression using launch temperature as the explanatory variable. Is the temperature a significant predictor of damage? Is it adequate? What are the odds of damage when launch temperature is 60F relative to the odds of damage when the temperature is 75F? Use the model to predict the probability of damage given a launch temperature of 55F. (20)

temp = c(66, 70, 69, 68, 67, 72, 73, 70, 57, 63, 70, 78, 67, 53, 67, 75, 70, 
    81, 76, 79, 75, 76, 58)
damage = c(0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
    1)
Shuttle = data.frame(Temperature = temp, Damage = damage)
Shuttle2 = glm(Damage ~ Temperature, data = Shuttle, family = binomial)
summary(Shuttle2)
## 
## Call:
## glm(formula = Damage ~ Temperature, family = binomial, data = Shuttle)
## 
## Deviance Residuals: 
##    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max  
## -1.061  -0.761  -0.378   0.452   2.217  
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)  
## (Intercept)   15.043      7.379    2.04    0.041 *
## Temperature   -0.232      0.108   -2.14    0.032 *
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 
## 
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
## 
##     Null deviance: 28.267  on 22  degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 20.315  on 21  degrees of freedom
## AIC: 24.32
## 
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 5

Temperature is a significant predictor of damage as the p value(s) are low.

pchisq(20.315, 21, lower.tail = F)
## [1] 0.5014

The large p-value is indicative of the model being adequate.

exp(-0.2322 * (60 - 75))
## [1] 32.56

The odds of damage when launching at 60F is 32.56 times that of the odds at 75F.

predict(Shuttle2, data.frame(Temperature = 55), type = "response")
##      1 
## 0.9067

The probability of damage at 55F is ~91%.