Tabular data - Daalgard

En un estudio, 39 de 215 pacientes tenían asma. Testear la h que la p de un paciente aleatorio sea 15%

prop.test(39, 215, .15)

    1-sample proportions test with continuity correction

data:  39 out of 215, null probability 0.15
X-squared = 1.425, df = 1, p-value = 0.2326
alternative hypothesis: true p is not equal to 0.15
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.1335937 0.2408799
sample estimates:
        p 
0.1813953 

binom.test(39, 215, 0.15)

    Exact binomial test

data:  39 and 215
number of successes = 39, number of trials = 215, p-value = 0.2135
alternative hypothesis: true probability of success is not equal to 0.15
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.1322842 0.2395223
sample estimates:
probability of success 
             0.1813953 

Dos proporciones independientes

exito <- c(9, 4)
total <- c(12, 13)

prop.test(exito, total)

    2-sample test for equality of proportions with continuity correction

data:  exito out of total
X-squared = 3.2793, df = 1, p-value = 0.07016
alternative hypothesis: two.sided
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.01151032 0.87310506
sample estimates:
   prop 1    prop 2 
0.7500000 0.3076923 

exito2 <- c(90, 40)
total2 <- c(120, 130)

prop.test(exito2, total2)

    2-sample test for equality of proportions with continuity correction

data:  exito2 out of total2
X-squared = 47.153, df = 1, p-value = 6.566e-12
alternative hypothesis: two.sided
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.3234035 0.5612118
sample estimates:
   prop 1    prop 2 
0.7500000 0.3076923 

Chi

datos <- matrix(c(9,4,3,9), 2)

chisq.test(datos)

    Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction

data:  datos
X-squared = 3.2793, df = 1, p-value = 0.07016

datos2 <- matrix(c(90,40,30,90), 2)

mosaicplot(datos)

mosaicplot(datos2)

chisq.test(datos)

    Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction

data:  datos
X-squared = 3.2793, df = 1, p-value = 0.07016

chisq.test(datos2)

    Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction

data:  datos2
X-squared = 47.153, df = 1, p-value = 6.566e-12

Ejemplo

Prolonged effect of a mother-child caries preventive program on dental caries in the permanent 1st molars in 9 to 10-year-old children Santiago S. Gomez, Claes-Göran Emilson, Adriana A. Weber & Sergio Uribe Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Vol. 65 , Iss. 5,2007

prop.test(sincaries, total)

    2-sample test for equality of proportions with continuity correction

data:  sincaries out of total
X-squared = 16.242, df = 1, p-value = 5.574e-05
alternative hypothesis: two.sided
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.1338814 0.3861186
sample estimates:
prop 1 prop 2 
  0.87   0.61