library(sfdct)
library(ggplot2)

tri <- ct_triangulate(antarctica[1, ], a = 5e9)


ptri <- sf::st_cast(tri)
## Warning in st_cast.sf(tri): repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for
## which they may not be constant
ptri$distToCoast <- as.numeric(sf::st_distance(ptri, sf::st_cast(antarctica[1, ], "MULTILINESTRING")))
plot(ptri[, "distToCoast"])

ggplot(ptri, aes(fill = as.numeric(distToCoast))) + geom_sf(colour = "transparent")