How long does it take to call reactives and access reactiveValues?

library(shiny)
# Reactives with no changes (after first)
v <- reactiveValues(x = 0)
r0 <- reactive(1)           # 0 levels of dependence
r1 <- reactive(v$x)         # 1 level
r2 <- reactive(r1())        # 2 levels


# Reactives with change
vc <- reactiveValues(x = 0)
rc1 <- reactive(vc$x)
f_rc1 <- function() {
  vc$x <- vc$x + 1
  rc1()
}
rc2 <- reactive(rc1())
f_rc2 <- function() {
  vc$x <- vc$x + 1
  rc2()
}

library(microbenchmark)
isolate(microbenchmark(
  v$x,               # Use reactive value directly
  r0(),              # reactive with 0 levels
  r1(),              # reactive with 1 level
  r2(),              # reactive with 2 levels
  vc$x <- vc$x + 1,  # Change reactive value
  f_rc1(),           # Change reactive value, then call a dependent reactive (1 level)
  f_rc2()            # Change reactive value, then call a dependent reactive (2 levels)
))
## Unit: microseconds
##              expr     min       lq   median       uq      max neval
##               v$x  54.662  60.2020  62.1860  64.2050 1160.546   100
##              r0()  53.347  58.5245  60.9265  63.1895  280.850   100
##              r1()  53.264  59.1895  61.5585  64.4085  142.030   100
##              r2()  53.019  58.5310  61.4965  64.5650  820.949   100
##  vc$x <- vc$x + 1 144.999 158.4605 203.0445 258.5035  325.054   100
##           f_rc1() 367.687 408.9990 456.9355 496.5965 1686.687   100
##           f_rc2() 518.295 571.9160 600.6425 646.6310 2089.693   100

Appendix

sessionInfo()
## R version 3.1.1 (2014-07-10)
## Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin13.1.0 (64-bit)
## 
## locale:
## [1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
## [1] microbenchmark_1.3-0 shiny_0.10.1.9006   
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##  [1] digest_0.6.4     evaluate_0.5.5   formatR_1.0      htmltools_0.2.6 
##  [5] httpuv_1.3.0     knitr_1.6.12     R6_2.0.0.9000    Rcpp_0.11.2     
##  [9] RJSONIO_1.3-0    rmarkdown_0.2.54 stringr_0.6.2    tools_3.1.1     
## [13] xtable_1.7-3     yaml_2.1.13