The EDITEC database is bigger because includes data from non-copper mining operations so for this analysis those values were removed.
Mining projects with not available workforce values were removed.
The workforce numbers are values mainly of year 2012 and 2013.
Removed values of zones with multiple operations because the workforce values can’t be desaggregated.
Mining operations not active in the current year were removed.
The scatter plot below shows the chilean copper production between the years 1996 and 2015 in kMT Fine Content. It can be seen how the production stays in continuously increase since 1996 and then remains constant between 2004 and 2012. The peak ocurres at the year 2013 and the copper production stays strong at the present. The information has been acquired from the Chilean Copper Commission.
The scatter plot below shows the chilean concentrates and refined copper exports in US$ Millions FOB (Free On Board) values between the years 1996 and 2015. The price increase constantly beetween 1996 and 2007, but in 2009 a big drop in the values ocurres, and the price falls from 36550.2 US$ Millions to 26271.1 US$ Millions and then recovers to 39217.1 US$ Millions. The increase in price stay strong till 2011 and then drops slowly. The information has been acquired from the Chilean Copper Commission.
The proportion was constructed using the mean of population in the years of the different workforce data availability to maintain the uniformity between the different municipalities. The ratio calculation shows Sierra Gorda with the highest value (up to 700% percent of employment vs population) then Tierra Amarilla and Pozo Almonte follows with 86.57% and 57.84% each one respectively.
| Code | Municipality | Municipalities.Population.Mean | Mining.Workforce.Sum | Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 02103 | Sierra Gorda | 3758.143 | 27191 | 723.52 |
| 03103 | Tierra Amarilla | 9932.400 | 8597 | 86.56 |
| 03202 | Diego de Almagro | 11160.000 | 6073 | 54.42 |
| 13301 | Colina | 13301.000 | 6170 | 46.39 |
| 01401 | Pozo Almonte | 17935.000 | 7976 | 44.47 |
| 06108 | Machali | 35942.000 | 15576 | 43.34 |
| 01405 | Pica | 22260.000 | 7293 | 32.76 |
| 04103 | Andacollo | 8300.000 | 2037 | 24.54 |
| 04204 | Salamanca | 25688.000 | 5841 | 22.74 |
| 02102 | Mejillones | 11341.000 | 2289 | 20.18 |
| 02201 | Calama | 149016.000 | 22986 | 15.43 |
| 01401 | Pica | 17935.000 | 2398 | 13.37 |
| 05105 | Puchuncavi | 16549.000 | 2064 | 12.47 |
| 03201 | Chañaral | 12445.000 | 1334 | 10.72 |
| 05301 | Los Andes | 76853.500 | 6857 | 8.92 |
| 05506 | Nogales | 26704.000 | 2014 | 7.54 |
| 02101 | Antofagasta | 378928.250 | 19429 | 5.13 |
| 05702 | Catemu | 13398.000 | 664 | 4.96 |
| 05402 | Cabildo | 21208.000 | 730 | 3.44 |
The highest value of population in poverty conditions is achieved by the municipality of Nogales (21%) followed by Vallenar, Puchuncavi and Andacollo each one with 17% percent.
| Code | Municipality | Poverty.2013 |
|---|---|---|
| 05506 | Nogales | 21 |
| 05105 | Puchuncavi | 17 |
| 04103 | Andacollo | 17 |
| 04204 | Salamanca | 14 |
| 01405 | Pica | 12 |
| 05402 | Cabildo | 12 |
| 03103 | Tierra Amarilla | 11 |
| 01401 | Pozo Almonte | 11 |
| 01401 | Pica | 11 |
| 03201 | Chañaral | 9 |
| 13301 | Colina | 8 |
| 02101 | Antofagasta | 8 |
| 05301 | Los Andes | 8 |
| 06108 | Machali | 8 |
| 03202 | Diego de Almagro | 8 |
| 02102 | Mejillones | 6 |
| 02201 | Calama | 6 |
| 05702 | Catemu | 5 |
| 02103 | Sierra Gorda | 4 |
| Municipality | Count |
|---|---|
| Sierra Gorda | 8 |
| Tierra Amarilla | 8 |
| Calama | 5 |
| Antofagasta | 4 |
| Cabildo | 2 |
| Copiapo | 2 |
| Los Andes | 2 |
| Pica | 2 |
| Pozo Almonte | 2 |
| Salamanca | 2 |
| Alhue | 1 |
| Andacollo | 1 |
| Aysen | 1 |
| Catemu | 1 |
| Chañaral | 1 |
| Chile Chico | 1 |
| Colina | 1 |
| Diego de Almagro | 1 |
| Huasco | 1 |
| La Serena | 1 |
| Machali | 1 |
| Mejillones | 1 |
| Nogales | 1 |
| Puchuncavi | 1 |
| Taltal | 1 |
| Vallenar | 1 |
| Vicuña | 1 |
The reason measure poverty using Small Area Estimation (SAE) in this graph is to have numbers close to reality at municipal scale, this because big estimations fails in establishing good values in small areas like a commune, so for good characterization this methodology is needed. The highest poverty value in the year 2013 is located in the municipality of Tierra Amarilla with a value over 11 percent.
The value below shows a medium intensity and directly proportional relation between the dependency ratio in the Common Municipal Fund (CMF) of the municipalities of Chile and the percentaje of people in conditions of poverty in the same municipalities.
## [1] 0.46
The following graph show the municipal budget in the selected municipalities. Antofagasta haves the highest value in mining patents followed by Sierra Gorda and Calama. As the graph shows the value of the CMF and the road taxes are very relevant in the municipal budget.
First, the database was filtered by tipology “PROYECTO” and the total value of projects in “Millones de pesos” (the value in USD only groups 38 projects and none of them in the municipalities of the study). Second, the duplicated values were removed of the database. Third, the total cost was grouped using the median by municipality and year of submission. Finally, the year values above 2002 were selected and the calculation of ratio was done merging the database with the population of the respective year.
The peaks of Sierra Gorda in 2004 are explained by construction of a theater, an school and a deportive complex, then in 2006 the investment was done mainly in highways, and finally in 2009 the construction of a semi-olimpic pool and another highways explain the high values.