WordCloud

First simple example from help(wordcloud)

So to make a workcloud in R you need a list of words and the list of coresponding frequencies.

library(tm)
library(wordcloud)
wordcloud(c(letters, LETTERS, 0:9), seq(1, 1000, len = 62))

Second example from help(wordcloud)

wordcloud(
"Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who 
was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb 
it. He said, \"Because it is there.\"
Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the 
moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge 
and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask 
God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest 
adventure on which man has ever embarked.",
    ,random.order=FALSE)

Another Second Example The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe.

wordcloud(
"
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten loreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
    While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>Tis some visitor,âÂ<U+0080> I muttered, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>tapping at my chamber doorâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
            Only this and nothing more.âÂ<U+0080>
    Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
    Eagerly I wished the morrow;âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>vainly I had sought to borrow
    From my books surcease of sorrowâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>sorrow for the lost LenoreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name LenoreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
            Nameless here for evermore.
    And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled meâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
    So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
    âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber doorâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
            This it is and nothing more.âÂ<U+0080>
    Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Sir,âÂ<U+0080> said I, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
    But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
    And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard youâÂ<U+0080>âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>here I opened wide the door;âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
            Darkness there and nothing more.
    Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
    But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,
    And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Lenore?âÂ<U+0080>
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Lenore!âÂ<U+0080>âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
            Merely this and nothing more.
    Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
    âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Surely,âÂ<U+0080> said I, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>surely that is something at my window lattice;
      Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery exploreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
            âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>Tis the wind and nothing more!âÂ<U+0080>
    Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,
In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yore;
    Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;
    But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber doorâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber doorâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
            Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,
âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou,âÂ<U+0080> I said, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>art sure no craven,
Ghastly grim and ancient Raven wandering from the Nightly shoreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Tell me what thy lordly name is on the NightâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>s Plutonian shore!âÂ<U+0080>
            Quoth the Raven âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Nevermore.âÂ<U+0080>
    Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
Though its answer little meaningâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>little relevancy bore;
    For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
    Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber doorâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door,
            With such name as âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Nevermore.âÂ<U+0080>
    But the Raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.
    Nothing farther then he utteredâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>not a feather then he flutteredâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
    Till I scarcely more than muttered âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Other friends have flown beforeâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
On the morrow he will leave me, as my Hopes have flown before.âÂ<U+0080>
            Then the bird said âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Nevermore.âÂ<U+0080>
    Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Doubtless,âÂ<U+0080> said I, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>what it utters is its only stock and store
    Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
    Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden boreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore
            Of âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0098>NeverâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>nevermoreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>.âÂ<U+0080>
    But the Raven still beguiling all my fancy into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door;
    Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
    Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yoreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
            Meant in croaking âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Nevermore.âÂ<U+0080>
    This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosomâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>s core;
    This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining
    On the cushionâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>s velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated oâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>er,
But whose velvet-violet lining with the lamp-light gloating oâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>er,
            She shall press, ah, nevermore!
    Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
Swung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
    âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Wretch,âÂ<U+0080> I cried, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>thy God hath lent theeâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>by these angels he hath sent thee
    RespiteâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore;
Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!âÂ<U+0080>
            Quoth the Raven âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Nevermore.âÂ<U+0080>
    âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Prophet!âÂ<U+0080> said I, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>thing of evil!âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>prophet still, if bird or devil!âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,
    Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchantedâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
    On this home by Horror hauntedâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>tell me truly, I imploreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Is thereâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>is there balm in Gilead?âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>tell meâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>tell me, I implore!âÂ<U+0080>
            Quoth the Raven âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Nevermore.âÂ<U+0080>
    âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Prophet!âÂ<U+0080> said I, âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>thing of evil!âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>prophet still, if bird or devil!
By that Heaven that bends above usâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>by that God we both adoreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
    Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,
    It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name LenoreâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.âÂ<U+0080>
            Quoth the Raven âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Nevermore.âÂ<U+0080>
    âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!âÂ<U+0080> I shrieked, upstartingâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>
âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Get thee back into the tempest and the NightâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>s Plutonian shore!
    Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
    Leave my loneliness unbroken!âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>quit the bust above my door!
Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!âÂ<U+0080>
            Quoth the Raven âÂ<U+0080>Â<U+009C>Nevermore.âÂ<U+0080>
    And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
    And his eyes have all the seeming of a demonâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>s that is dreaming,
    And the lamp-light oâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0099>er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
            Shall be liftedâÂ<U+0080>Â<U+0094>nevermore!
"
    ,random.order=FALSE)

Third example

In this example we will use the tidytext package to do some text mining.

Here is an excellent reference Text Mining with R: A Tidy Approach.

Download Moby Dick from https://www.gutenberg.org/ To download the book we will use the gutenbergr package.

library(dplyr)
library(gutenbergr)
library(tidytext)

moby <- gutenberg_download(2701)

Inspect the book.

How many lines?

dim(moby)

[1] 21712     2

What do we see at the top? What is at the bottom?

head(moby, 100)

tail(moby)

So there is a bunch of text at the top of the file that is not part of the book. We will remove it.

moby1 <- moby[(506:21712),]
dim(moby1)

[1] 21207     2

head(moby1)

tail(moby1)

Next we will produce a list of words in the book. The words are called tokens.

moby2 <- moby1 %>%
  unnest_tokens(word, text)

moby2

From the dplyr package we can use piping %>% which is a way to push the output of one function into the next.

moby2 %>%
  anti_join(stop_words) %>%
  count(word) %>%
  with(wordcloud(word, n, max.words = 100))

Joining, by = "word"

Fourth Example

In this example we will use the tm package to do some text mining.

This data set holds 20 news articles with additional meta information from the Reuters-21578 data set. All documents belong to the topic crude dealing with crude oil.

library(tm)
data(crude)
# inspect(crude)

crude <- tm_map(crude, removePunctuation)
# inspect(crude)

crude <- tm_map(crude, removeWords, stopwords('english'))
# inspect(crude)

tdm <- TermDocumentMatrix(crude)
m <- as.matrix(tdm)
v <- sort(rowSums(m),decreasing=TRUE)
d <- data.frame(word = names(v),freq=v)
wordcloud(d$word,d$freq)

Fifth Example

This example is from R-bloggers.

library(XML)
library(tm)
library(wordcloud)
library(RColorBrewer)
u = "http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/available_packages_by_date.html"
t = readHTMLTable(u)[[1]]
ap.corpus <- Corpus(DataframeSource(data.frame(as.character(t[,3]))))
#inspect(ap.corpus)
ap.corpus <- tm_map(ap.corpus, removePunctuation)
ap.corpus <- tm_map(ap.corpus, tolower)
ap.corpus <- tm_map(ap.corpus, PlainTextDocument)
ap.corpus <- tm_map(ap.corpus, function(x) removeWords(x, stopwords("english")))
ap.tdm <- TermDocumentMatrix(ap.corpus)
ap.m <- as.matrix(ap.tdm)
ap.v <- sort(rowSums(ap.m),decreasing=TRUE)
ap.d <- data.frame(word = names(ap.v),freq=ap.v)
table(ap.d$freq)

   1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17 
5334 1241  595  360  245  171  133  118   91   84   77   67   45   25   41   33   25 
  18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33   34 
  27   20   28   16   15   16   15   17   20    5    9    9    9   15   12    5   11 
  35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51 
   9    6   10    9    8   12    4    4    9    5    6    4    8    6    4    1    8 
  52   53   54   55   56   57   58   59   61   63   65   66   67   68   69   70   71 
   6    7    3    2    6    2    2    3    4    2    6    1    3    3    3    2    1 
  72   73   74   75   76   77   78   79   80   81   82   85   86   87   88   89   90 
   1    2    3    1    3    1    1    3    1    1    4    1    3    1    1    1    2 
  92   93   94   95   97  100  101  102  105  108  109  111  112  115  121  122  135 
   1    1    1    1    3    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    2    1    1    1    1 
 142  143  145  146  154  155  157  165  167  174  178  180  185  189  197  200  204 
   1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1 
 225  245  268  269  274  305  314  409  414  442  477  480  521  780 1132 1582 
   1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1 

pal2 <- brewer.pal(8,"Dark2")
wordcloud(ap.d$word,ap.d$freq, scale=c(8,.2),min.freq=3,
max.words=Inf, random.order=FALSE, rot.per=.15, colors=pal2)