Scenarios

The following table presents the scenario matrix considered in this study.

Scenario name Scenario description
bau Business as usual
INDC_EMI Implementation of the INDC emissions pledges
INDC_ALL Implementation of the INDC emissions and energy pledges
INDC_fmac Find the World trade market price that achieves the same emissions ad in INDC ALL
INDC_smac Scenario (2) in protocol, same emissions as INDC ALL but equalizes the mac for all sources within a country.
INDC_sGDPloss Scenario (3) in protocol, same cost (GDP loss) as INDC ALL but equalizes the mac for all sources within a country.
SSP2 SSP2 air pollution controls story-line, assumes a current air pollution legislation scenario with a continuation and extension of those control policies.
FLE Failure of air pollution controls policies, the levels of the emission factors are frozen at the levels of 2015.

Results

GDP and GDP Loss

The total policy costs, presented here in terms of annual GDP loss, are summarized in the Figure .

\label{gdploss}Annual GDP loss [%].

Annual GDP loss [%].

GHG Emissions

GHG Emissions in [Mt].

GHG Emission Reduction wrt BAU

Carbon Prices

Energy Prices

Installed Capacity and Change in Instaled Capacity

Air Pollution Emissions

Air Pollution Emissions (SO2)

Air quality Impacts

The air quality impacts are presented as the number of avoided premature deaths.

Effects of Trade