v1.R

# "It is not you, it is me... Social Conservatism and Voting in Turkey"
# The present article intends to analyze the relationship between social conservatism and voting behavior in Turkey. 
# Social conservatism is going to be conceptualized as an ideology that consists of four dimensions, 
# namely; family, religion, order, and intolerance in the study. It is widely known that social conservatism 
# has been presented by right-wing parties in Turkey. Since 1980s, these parties have been influential in elections. 
# In this regard, particularly in the period of AKP rule, many analysts consider that conservative voters have been 
# inclined to vote for AKP and it explains the continuity of AKP's electoral success. However, it can be argued 
# that social conservatism is not exclusive to AKP voters, while conservative values are prevalent throughout 
# Turkish society even including CHP voters. In this study, the relationship between voting behavior and 
# social conservatism is going to be investigated by using WVS data.

rm(list=ls(all=TRUE)) 

#Libraries
setwd("D:/emre/SkyDrive/makale/Tez Onur Kuru/Makale")

library(foreign)
library(nnet)
library(effects)
library(car)

## 
## Attaching package: 'car'

## The following object is masked from 'package:effects':
## 
##     Prestige

library(sjPlot)

## Visit http://strengejacke.de/sjPlot for package-vignettes.

library(pander)

#Data prep

mydata <- read.spss("v1.sav", to.data.frame = TRUE)

## Warning in read.spss("v1.sav", to.data.frame = TRUE): v1.sav: Unrecognized
## record type 7, subtype 18 encountered in system file

Income.n <- as.numeric(mydata$Income)
Education.n <- as.numeric(mydata$Education)

#Data Properties
tab <- sjt.df(mydata)

## 
  |                                                                       
  |                                                                 |   0%
  |                                                                       
  |====                                                             |   6%
  |                                                                       
  |========                                                         |  12%
  |                                                                       
  |===========                                                      |  18%
  |                                                                       
  |===============                                                  |  24%
  |                                                                       
  |===================                                              |  29%
  |                                                                       
  |=======================                                          |  35%
  |                                                                       
  |===========================                                      |  41%
  |                                                                       
  |===============================                                  |  47%
  |                                                                       
  |==================================                               |  53%
  |                                                                       
  |======================================                           |  59%
  |                                                                       
  |==========================================                       |  65%
  |                                                                       
  |==============================================                   |  71%
  |                                                                       
  |==================================================               |  76%
  |                                                                       
  |======================================================           |  82%
  |                                                                       
  |=========================================================        |  88%
  |                                                                       
  |=============================================================    |  94%
  |                                                                       
  |=================================================================| 100%

pander(tab)

## Warning in pander.default(tab): No pander.method for "sjtdf", reverting to
## default.

data:

Table continues below
	vars	n	missings
DV*	1	1044	561
Family_Genderinequality	2	1575	30
Religion_Religiouspractice	3	1543	62
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	4	1536	69
Intolerance_Xenophobia	5	1605	0
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	6	1605	0
Order_Socialorder	7	1570	35
Order_Legalorder	8	1507	98
Family_Importanceoffamily	9	1585	20
Family_Obediencetofamily	10	1605	0
Family_Sexualmorality	11	1542	63
Religion_Religiousfaith	12	1575	30
Religion_Meaningofreligion	13	1532	73
Income*	14	1571	34
Gender*	15	1605	0
Age	16	1605	0
Education*	17	1605	0

Table continues below
	missings (percentage)	mean	sd
DV*	34.95	1.62	0.49
Family_Genderinequality	1.87	2.26	0.71
Religion_Religiouspractice	3.86	7.84	1.62
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	4.3	2.82	0.81
Intolerance_Xenophobia	0	1.31	0.37
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	0	1.83	0.26
Order_Socialorder	2.18	4.77	0.76
Order_Legalorder	6.11	2.82	0.75
Family_Importanceoffamily	1.25	3.77	0.35
Family_Obediencetofamily	0	1.44	0.32
Family_Sexualmorality	3.93	8.7	1.77
Religion_Religiousfaith	1.87	1.98	0.1
Religion_Meaningofreligion	4.55	1.7	0.38
Income*	2.12	5.68	1.91
Gender*	0	1.51	0.5
Age	0	38.45	14.54
Education*	0	5.41	2.49

Table continues below
	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range
DV*	2	1.65	0	1	2	1
Family_Genderinequality	2.5	2.32	0.74	1	3	2
Religion_Religiouspractice	8.12	8.01	1.32	1	10	9
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	3	2.83	1.48	1	4	3
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.33	1.27	0.49	1	2	1
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2	1.89	0	1	2	1
Order_Socialorder	4.75	4.8	0.74	2.25	6	3.75
Order_Legalorder	3	2.88	0.59	1	4	3
Family_Importanceoffamily	4	3.83	0	1	4	3
Family_Obediencetofamily	1.33	1.42	0.49	1	2	1
Family_Sexualmorality	9.5	9.06	0.74	1	10	9
Religion_Religiousfaith	2	2	0	1	2	1
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2	1.75	0	1	2	1
Income*	6	5.71	1.48	1	10	9
Gender*	2	1.52	0	1	2	1
Age	36	37.14	14.83	18	86	68
Education*	6	5.46	4.45	1	9	8

	skew	kurtosis	se
DV*	-0.5	-1.75	0.02
Family_Genderinequality	-0.5	-1.05	0.02
Religion_Religiouspractice	-1.11	1.61	0.04
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	-0.05	-0.85	0.02
Intolerance_Xenophobia	0.77	-0.85	0.01
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	-1.73	2.37	0.01
Order_Socialorder	-0.39	-0.28	0.02
Order_Legalorder	-0.61	-0.13	0.02
Family_Importanceoffamily	-1.98	6.58	0.01
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.21	-0.93	0.01
Family_Sexualmorality	-1.83	3.53	0.05
Religion_Religiousfaith	-6.51	46.38	0
Religion_Meaningofreligion	-0.8	-0.8	0.01
Income*	-0.15	-0.48	0.05
Gender*	-0.06	-2	0.01
Age	0.72	-0.13	0.36
Education*	-0.1	-1.32	0.06

page.style:

page.content:

Variable	vars	n	missings	missings (percentage)	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
DV*	1	1044	561	34.95	1.62	0.49	2	1.65	0	1	2	1	-0.5	-1.75	0.02
Family_Genderinequality	2	1575	30	1.87	2.26	0.71	2.5	2.32	0.74	1	3	2	-0.5	-1.05	0.02
Religion_Religiouspractice	3	1543	62	3.86	7.84	1.62	8.12	8.01	1.32	1	10	9	-1.11	1.61	0.04
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	4	1536	69	4.3	2.82	0.81	3	2.83	1.48	1	4	3	-0.05	-0.85	0.02
Intolerance_Xenophobia	5	1605	0	0	1.31	0.37	1.33	1.27	0.49	1	2	1	0.77	-0.85	0.01
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	6	1605	0	0	1.83	0.26	2	1.89	0	1	2	1	-1.73	2.37	0.01
Order_Socialorder	7	1570	35	2.18	4.77	0.76	4.75	4.8	0.74	2.25	6	3.75	-0.39	-0.28	0.02
Order_Legalorder	8	1507	98	6.11	2.82	0.75	3	2.88	0.59	1	4	3	-0.61	-0.13	0.02
Family_Importanceoffamily	9	1585	20	1.25	3.77	0.35	4	3.83	0	1	4	3	-1.98	6.58	0.01
Family_Obediencetofamily	10	1605	0	0	1.44	0.32	1.33	1.42	0.49	1	2	1	0.21	-0.93	0.01
Family_Sexualmorality	11	1542	63	3.93	8.7	1.77	9.5	9.06	0.74	1	10	9	-1.83	3.53	0.05
Religion_Religiousfaith	12	1575	30	1.87	1.98	0.1	2	2	0	1	2	1	-6.51	46.38	0
Religion_Meaningofreligion	13	1532	73	4.55	1.7	0.38	2	1.75	0	1	2	1	-0.8	-0.8	0.01
Income*	14	1571	34	2.12	5.68	1.91	6	5.71	1.48	1	10	9	-0.15	-0.48	0.05
Gender*	15	1605	0	0	1.51	0.5	2	1.52	0	1	2	1	-0.06	-2	0.01
Age	16	1605	0	0	38.45	14.54	36	37.14	14.83	18	86	68	0.72	-0.13	0.36
Education*	17	1605	0	0	5.41	2.49	6	5.46	4.45	1	9	8	-0.1	-1.32	0.06

output.complete:

Variable	vars	n	missings	missings (percentage)	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
DV*	1	1044	561	34.95	1.62	0.49	2	1.65	0	1	2	1	-0.5	-1.75	0.02
Family_Genderinequality	2	1575	30	1.87	2.26	0.71	2.5	2.32	0.74	1	3	2	-0.5	-1.05	0.02
Religion_Religiouspractice	3	1543	62	3.86	7.84	1.62	8.12	8.01	1.32	1	10	9	-1.11	1.61	0.04
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	4	1536	69	4.3	2.82	0.81	3	2.83	1.48	1	4	3	-0.05	-0.85	0.02
Intolerance_Xenophobia	5	1605	0	0	1.31	0.37	1.33	1.27	0.49	1	2	1	0.77	-0.85	0.01
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	6	1605	0	0	1.83	0.26	2	1.89	0	1	2	1	-1.73	2.37	0.01
Order_Socialorder	7	1570	35	2.18	4.77	0.76	4.75	4.8	0.74	2.25	6	3.75	-0.39	-0.28	0.02
Order_Legalorder	8	1507	98	6.11	2.82	0.75	3	2.88	0.59	1	4	3	-0.61	-0.13	0.02
Family_Importanceoffamily	9	1585	20	1.25	3.77	0.35	4	3.83	0	1	4	3	-1.98	6.58	0.01
Family_Obediencetofamily	10	1605	0	0	1.44	0.32	1.33	1.42	0.49	1	2	1	0.21	-0.93	0.01
Family_Sexualmorality	11	1542	63	3.93	8.7	1.77	9.5	9.06	0.74	1	10	9	-1.83	3.53	0.05
Religion_Religiousfaith	12	1575	30	1.87	1.98	0.1	2	2	0	1	2	1	-6.51	46.38	0
Religion_Meaningofreligion	13	1532	73	4.55	1.7	0.38	2	1.75	0	1	2	1	-0.8	-0.8	0.01
Income*	14	1571	34	2.12	5.68	1.91	6	5.71	1.48	1	10	9	-0.15	-0.48	0.05
Gender*	15	1605	0	0	1.51	0.5	2	1.52	0	1	2	1	-0.06	-2	0.01
Age	16	1605	0	0	38.45	14.54	36	37.14	14.83	18	86	68	0.72	-0.13	0.36
Education*	17	1605	0	0	5.41	2.49	6	5.46	4.45	1	9	8	-0.1	-1.32	0.06

knitr:

Variable	vars	n	missings	missings (percentage)	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
DV*	1	1044	561	34.95	1.62	0.49	2	1.65	0	1	2	1	-0.5	-1.75	0.02
Family_Genderinequality	2	1575	30	1.87	2.26	0.71	2.5	2.32	0.74	1	3	2	-0.5	-1.05	0.02
Religion_Religiouspractice	3	1543	62	3.86	7.84	1.62	8.12	8.01	1.32	1	10	9	-1.11	1.61	0.04
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	4	1536	69	4.3	2.82	0.81	3	2.83	1.48	1	4	3	-0.05	-0.85	0.02
Intolerance_Xenophobia	5	1605	0	0	1.31	0.37	1.33	1.27	0.49	1	2	1	0.77	-0.85	0.01
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	6	1605	0	0	1.83	0.26	2	1.89	0	1	2	1	-1.73	2.37	0.01
Order_Socialorder	7	1570	35	2.18	4.77	0.76	4.75	4.8	0.74	2.25	6	3.75	-0.39	-0.28	0.02
Order_Legalorder	8	1507	98	6.11	2.82	0.75	3	2.88	0.59	1	4	3	-0.61	-0.13	0.02
Family_Importanceoffamily	9	1585	20	1.25	3.77	0.35	4	3.83	0	1	4	3	-1.98	6.58	0.01
Family_Obediencetofamily	10	1605	0	0	1.44	0.32	1.33	1.42	0.49	1	2	1	0.21	-0.93	0.01
Family_Sexualmorality	11	1542	63	3.93	8.7	1.77	9.5	9.06	0.74	1	10	9	-1.83	3.53	0.05
Religion_Religiousfaith	12	1575	30	1.87	1.98	0.1	2	2	0	1	2	1	-6.51	46.38	0
Religion_Meaningofreligion	13	1532	73	4.55	1.7	0.38	2	1.75	0	1	2	1	-0.8	-0.8	0.01
Income*	14	1571	34	2.12	5.68	1.91	6	5.71	1.48	1	10	9	-0.15	-0.48	0.05
Gender*	15	1605	0	0	1.51	0.5	2	1.52	0	1	2	1	-0.06	-2	0.01
Age	16	1605	0	0	38.45	14.54	36	37.14	14.83	18	86	68	0.72	-0.13	0.36
Education*	17	1605	0	0	5.41	2.49	6	5.46	4.45	1	9	8	-0.1	-1.32	0.06

#Model
model1 <- glm(DV ~ Family_Genderinequality + Family_Importanceoffamily + Family_Obediencetofamily + Family_Sexualmorality 
             + Intolerance_Ethnocentrism + Intolerance_Socialintolerance +Intolerance_Xenophobia 
             + Religion_Meaningofreligion + Religion_Religiousfaith + Religion_Religiouspractice 
             + Order_Legalorder + Order_Socialorder, data=mydata, family="binomial")

model2 <- glm(DV ~ Family_Genderinequality + Family_Importanceoffamily + Family_Obediencetofamily + Family_Sexualmorality 
            + Intolerance_Ethnocentrism + Intolerance_Socialintolerance +Intolerance_Xenophobia 
            + Religion_Meaningofreligion + Religion_Religiousfaith + Religion_Religiouspractice 
            + Order_Legalorder + Order_Socialorder
            + Age + Income.n + Gender + Education.n, data=mydata, family="binomial")


#Tables & Plots

tab1 <- sjt.glm(model1)

## Waiting for profiling to be done...

pander(tab1)

## Warning in pander.default(tab1): No pander.method for "sjTable", reverting
## to default.No pander.method for "sjtglm", reverting to default.

page.style:

page.content:

	DV
	OR	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.00	0.00 – 0.01	<.001
Family_Genderinequality	1.49	1.18 – 1.88	.001
Family_Importanceoffamily	0.74	0.46 – 1.19	.220
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.75	0.44 – 1.27	.281
Family_Sexualmorality	1.08	0.99 – 1.19	.098
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	1.32	1.06 – 1.64	.012
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2.82	1.50 – 5.32	.001
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.18	0.72 – 1.93	.511
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2.05	1.30 – 3.24	.002
Religion_Religiousfaith	0.88	0.16 – 5.31	.886
Religion_Religiouspractice	1.67	1.47 – 1.90	<.001
Order_Legalorder	1.59	1.23 – 2.06	<.001
Order_Socialorder	0.97	0.77 – 1.22	.813
Observations	832

output.complete:

	DV
	OR	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.00	0.00 – 0.01	<.001
Family_Genderinequality	1.49	1.18 – 1.88	.001
Family_Importanceoffamily	0.74	0.46 – 1.19	.220
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.75	0.44 – 1.27	.281
Family_Sexualmorality	1.08	0.99 – 1.19	.098
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	1.32	1.06 – 1.64	.012
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2.82	1.50 – 5.32	.001
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.18	0.72 – 1.93	.511
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2.05	1.30 – 3.24	.002
Religion_Religiousfaith	0.88	0.16 – 5.31	.886
Religion_Religiouspractice	1.67	1.47 – 1.90	<.001
Order_Legalorder	1.59	1.23 – 2.06	<.001
Order_Socialorder	0.97	0.77 – 1.22	.813
Observations	832

knitr:

	DV
	OR	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.00	0.00 – 0.01	<.001
Family_Genderinequality	1.49	1.18 – 1.88	.001
Family_Importanceoffamily	0.74	0.46 – 1.19	.220
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.75	0.44 – 1.27	.281
Family_Sexualmorality	1.08	0.99 – 1.19	.098
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	1.32	1.06 – 1.64	.012
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2.82	1.50 – 5.32	.001
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.18	0.72 – 1.93	.511
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2.05	1.30 – 3.24	.002
Religion_Religiousfaith	0.88	0.16 – 5.31	.886
Religion_Religiouspractice	1.67	1.47 – 1.90	<.001
Order_Legalorder	1.59	1.23 – 2.06	<.001
Order_Socialorder	0.97	0.77 – 1.22	.813
Observations	832

data:

coef.name	estimate1	ci.lo1	ci.hi1	p-value1	se1
(Intercept)	0.00	0.00	0.01	<.001	2.07
Family_Genderinequality	1.49	1.18	1.88	.001	0.12
Family_Importanceoffamily	0.74	0.46	1.19	.220	0.24
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.75	0.44	1.27	.281	0.27
Family_Sexualmorality	1.08	0.99	1.19	.098	0.05
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	1.32	1.06	1.64	.012	0.11
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2.82	1.50	5.32	.001	0.32
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.18	0.72	1.93	.511	0.25
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2.05	1.30	3.24	.002	0.23
Religion_Religiousfaith	0.88	0.16	5.31	.886	0.88
Religion_Religiouspractice	1.67	1.47	1.90	<.001	0.07
Order_Legalorder	1.59	1.23	2.06	<.001	0.13
Order_Socialorder	0.97	0.77	1.22	.813	0.12

sjp.glm(model1, title = "Probability of Voting AKP instead of CHP")

## Waiting for profiling to be done...

#With control
tab2 <- sjt.glm(model2)

## Waiting for profiling to be done...

pander (tab2)

## Warning in pander.default(tab2): No pander.method for "sjTable", reverting
## to default.No pander.method for "sjtglm", reverting to default.

page.style:

page.content:

	DV
	OR	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.01	0.00 – 0.47	.023
Family_Genderinequality	1.43	1.12 – 1.83	.004
Family_Importanceoffamily	0.81	0.49 – 1.34	.413
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.77	0.45 – 1.34	.356
Family_Sexualmorality	1.02	0.92 – 1.13	.665
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	1.26	1.00 – 1.58	.047
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2.94	1.52 – 5.73	.001
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.02	0.61 – 1.69	.953
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2.00	1.24 – 3.23	.005
Religion_Religiousfaith	0.90	0.16 – 5.55	.903
Religion_Religiouspractice	1.60	1.39 – 1.83	<.001
Order_Legalorder	1.56	1.19 – 2.06	.001
Order_Socialorder	1.01	0.79 – 1.28	.960
Age	0.97	0.96 – 0.98	<.001
Income.n	0.97	0.88 – 1.07	.521
Gender (Female)	0.92	0.63 – 1.33	.656
Education.n	0.75	0.69 – 0.83	<.001
Observations	823

output.complete:

	DV
	OR	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.01	0.00 – 0.47	.023
Family_Genderinequality	1.43	1.12 – 1.83	.004
Family_Importanceoffamily	0.81	0.49 – 1.34	.413
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.77	0.45 – 1.34	.356
Family_Sexualmorality	1.02	0.92 – 1.13	.665
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	1.26	1.00 – 1.58	.047
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2.94	1.52 – 5.73	.001
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.02	0.61 – 1.69	.953
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2.00	1.24 – 3.23	.005
Religion_Religiousfaith	0.90	0.16 – 5.55	.903
Religion_Religiouspractice	1.60	1.39 – 1.83	<.001
Order_Legalorder	1.56	1.19 – 2.06	.001
Order_Socialorder	1.01	0.79 – 1.28	.960
Age	0.97	0.96 – 0.98	<.001
Income.n	0.97	0.88 – 1.07	.521
Gender (Female)	0.92	0.63 – 1.33	.656
Education.n	0.75	0.69 – 0.83	<.001
Observations	823

knitr:

	DV
	OR	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.01	0.00 – 0.47	.023
Family_Genderinequality	1.43	1.12 – 1.83	.004
Family_Importanceoffamily	0.81	0.49 – 1.34	.413
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.77	0.45 – 1.34	.356
Family_Sexualmorality	1.02	0.92 – 1.13	.665
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	1.26	1.00 – 1.58	.047
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2.94	1.52 – 5.73	.001
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.02	0.61 – 1.69	.953
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2.00	1.24 – 3.23	.005
Religion_Religiousfaith	0.90	0.16 – 5.55	.903
Religion_Religiouspractice	1.60	1.39 – 1.83	<.001
Order_Legalorder	1.56	1.19 – 2.06	.001
Order_Socialorder	1.01	0.79 – 1.28	.960
Age	0.97	0.96 – 0.98	<.001
Income.n	0.97	0.88 – 1.07	.521
Gender (Female)	0.92	0.63 – 1.33	.656
Education.n	0.75	0.69 – 0.83	<.001
Observations	823

data:

coef.name	estimate1	ci.lo1	ci.hi1	p-value1	se1
(Intercept)	0.01	0.00	0.47	.023	2.17
Family_Genderinequality	1.43	1.12	1.83	.004	0.12
Family_Importanceoffamily	0.81	0.49	1.34	.413	0.26
Family_Obediencetofamily	0.77	0.45	1.34	.356	0.28
Family_Sexualmorality	1.02	0.92	1.13	.665	0.05
Intolerance_Ethnocentrism	1.26	1.00	1.58	.047	0.12
Intolerance_Socialintolerance	2.94	1.52	5.73	.001	0.34
Intolerance_Xenophobia	1.02	0.61	1.69	.953	0.26
Religion_Meaningofreligion	2.00	1.24	3.23	.005	0.24
Religion_Religiousfaith	0.90	0.16	5.55	.903	0.90
Religion_Religiouspractice	1.60	1.39	1.83	<.001	0.07
Order_Legalorder	1.56	1.19	2.06	.001	0.14
Order_Socialorder	1.01	0.79	1.28	.960	0.12
Age	0.97	0.96	0.98	<.001	0.01
Income.n	0.97	0.88	1.07	.521	0.05
GenderFemale	0.92	0.63	1.33	.656	0.19
Education.n	0.75	0.69	0.83	<.001	0.05

sjp.glm(model2, title = "Probability of Voting AKP instead of CHP")

## Waiting for profiling to be done...

v1.R

Toros

Mon Oct 17 13:11:31 2016