QUESTION 1

The Type variable classifies the type of market the car is aimed at. Find the cheapest (Price) car in each type, and the car with the greatest fuel efficiency(MPG.highway). Find out the Manufacturer and Model.(20 pt.)

1.1

library(MASS)
df <- Cars93
minprice <- tapply(df$Price, df$Type, min)
minprice
Compact   Large Midsize   Small  Sporty     Van 
   11.1    18.4    13.9     7.4    10.0    16.3 
df$min <- minprice[df$Type]
df$Pricedifference <- df$Price-df$min
p_answer <- df[df$Pricedifference==0,]
p_answer
   Manufacturer      Model    Type Min.Price Price Max.Price MPG.city
16    Chevrolet Lumina_APV     Van      14.7  16.3      18.0       18
20     Chrylser   Concorde   Large      18.4  18.4      18.4       20
31         Ford    Festiva   Small       6.9   7.4       7.9       31
46      Hyundai     Scoupe  Sporty       9.1  10.0      11.0       26
47      Hyundai     Sonata Midsize      12.4  13.9      15.3       20
74      Pontiac    Sunbird Compact       9.4  11.1      12.8       23
   MPG.highway            AirBags DriveTrain Cylinders EngineSize
16          23               None      Front         6        3.8
20          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.3
31          33               None      Front         4        1.3
46          34               None      Front         4        1.5
47          27               None      Front         4        2.0
74          31               None      Front         4        2.0
   Horsepower  RPM Rev.per.mile Man.trans.avail Fuel.tank.capacity
16        170 4800         1690              No               20.0
20        153 5300         1990              No               18.0
31         63 5000         3150             Yes               10.0
46         92 5550         2540             Yes               11.9
47        128 6000         2335             Yes               17.2
74        110 5200         2665             Yes               15.2
   Passengers Length Wheelbase Width Turn.circle Rear.seat.room
16          7    178       110    74          44           30.5
20          6    203       113    74          40           31.0
31          4    141        90    63          33           26.0
46          4    166        94    64          34           23.5
47          5    184       104    69          41           31.0
74          5    181       101    66          39           25.0
   Luggage.room Weight  Origin                 Make  min Pricedifference
16           NA   3715     USA Chevrolet Lumina_APV 16.3               0
20           15   3515     USA    Chrylser Concorde 18.4               0
31           12   1845     USA         Ford Festiva  7.4               0
46            9   2285 non-USA       Hyundai Scoupe 10.0               0
47           14   2885 non-USA       Hyundai Sonata 13.9               0
74           13   2575     USA      Pontiac Sunbird 11.1               0

1.2

maximpg <- tapply(df$MPG.highway, df$Type, max)
maximpg
Compact   Large Midsize   Small  Sporty     Van 
     36      28      31      50      36      24 
df$maxi1mpg <- maximpg[df$Type]
df$mpgdiff <- df$MPG.highway-df$maxi1mpg
mpg_answer <- df[df$mpgdiff==0,]
mpg_answer
   Manufacturer         Model    Type Min.Price Price Max.Price MPG.city
6         Buick       Century Midsize      14.2  15.7      17.3       22
7         Buick       LeSabre   Large      19.9  20.8      21.7       19
12    Chevrolet      Cavalier Compact       8.5  13.4      18.3       25
20     Chrylser      Concorde   Large      18.4  18.4      18.4       20
30        Eagle        Vision   Large      17.5  19.3      21.2       20
39          Geo         Metro   Small       6.7   8.4      10.0       46
40          Geo         Storm  Sporty      11.5  12.5      13.5       30
56        Mazda           MPV     Van      16.6  19.1      21.7       18
69   Oldsmobile Cutlass_Ciera Midsize      14.2  16.3      18.4       23
71   Oldsmobile  Eighty-Eight   Large      19.5  20.7      21.9       19
77      Pontiac    Bonneville   Large      19.4  24.4      29.4       19
   MPG.highway            AirBags DriveTrain Cylinders EngineSize
6           31        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
7           28        Driver only      Front         6        3.8
12          36               None      Front         4        2.2
20          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.3
30          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.5
39          50               None      Front         3        1.0
40          36        Driver only      Front         4        1.6
56          24               None        4WD         6        3.0
69          31        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
71          28        Driver only      Front         6        3.8
77          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.8
   Horsepower  RPM Rev.per.mile Man.trans.avail Fuel.tank.capacity
6         110 5200         2565              No               16.4
7         170 4800         1570              No               18.0
12        110 5200         2380             Yes               15.2
20        153 5300         1990              No               18.0
30        214 5800         1980              No               18.0
39         55 5700         3755             Yes               10.6
40         90 5400         3250             Yes               12.4
56        155 5000         2240              No               19.6
69        110 5200         2565              No               16.5
71        170 4800         1570              No               18.0
77        170 4800         1565              No               18.0
   Passengers Length Wheelbase Width Turn.circle Rear.seat.room
6           6    189       105    69          41           28.0
7           6    200       111    74          42           30.5
12          5    182       101    66          38           25.0
20          6    203       113    74          40           31.0
30          6    202       113    74          40           30.0
39          4    151        93    63          34           27.5
40          4    164        97    67          37           24.5
56          7    190       110    72          39           27.5
69          5    190       105    70          42           28.0
71          6    201       111    74          42           31.5
77          6    177       111    74          43           30.5
   Luggage.room Weight  Origin                     Make  min
6            16   2880     USA            Buick Century 13.9
7            17   3470     USA            Buick LeSabre 18.4
12           13   2490     USA       Chevrolet Cavalier 11.1
20           15   3515     USA        Chrylser Concorde 18.4
30           15   3490     USA             Eagle Vision 18.4
39           10   1695 non-USA                Geo Metro  7.4
40           11   2475 non-USA                Geo Storm 10.0
56           NA   3735 non-USA                Mazda MPV 16.3
69           16   2890     USA Oldsmobile Cutlass_Ciera 13.9
71           17   3470     USA  Oldsmobile Eighty-Eight 18.4
77           18   3495     USA       Pontiac Bonneville 18.4
   Pricedifference maxi1mpg mpgdiff
6              1.8       31       0
7              2.4       28       0
12             2.3       36       0
20             0.0       28       0
30             0.9       28       0
39             1.0       50       0
40             2.5       36       0
56             2.8       24       0
69             2.4       31       0
71             2.3       28       0
77             6.0       28       0

QUESTION 2

Compute the mean Horsepower for each type, and the difference between each cars horsepower and the mean for its type. Based on the difference values, calculate the skewness and kurtosis (10 pt.)

hpower <- tapply(df$Horsepower, df$Type, mean)
hpower
 Compact    Large  Midsize    Small   Sporty      Van 
131.0000 179.4545 173.0909  91.0000 160.1429 149.4444 
df$meanhp <- hpower[df$Type]
df$hpdiff <- df$Horsepower-df$meanhp
df$hpdiff
      Small     Midsize     Compact     Midsize     Midsize     Midsize 
 49.0000000  26.9090909  41.0000000  -1.0909091  34.9090909 -63.0909091 
      Large       Large     Midsize       Large     Midsize     Compact 
 -9.4545455   0.5454545  -3.0909091  20.5454545 121.9090909 -21.0000000 
    Compact      Sporty     Midsize         Van         Van       Large 
-21.0000000  -0.1428571 -63.0909091  20.5555556  15.5555556  -9.4545455 
     Sporty       Large     Compact       Large       Small       Small 
139.8571429 -26.4545455  10.0000000 -32.4545455   1.0000000   2.0000000 
    Compact         Van     Midsize      Sporty       Small       Large 
-31.0000000  -7.4444444 -73.0909091 139.8571429   1.0000000  34.5454545 
      Small       Small     Compact      Sporty      Sporty         Van 
-28.0000000  36.0000000 -35.0000000 -55.1428571 -45.1428571  -4.4444444 
    Midsize       Large       Small      Sporty      Sporty       Small 
-33.0909091  10.5454545 -36.0000000 -70.1428571  -0.1428571  11.0000000 
    Compact       Small       Small      Sporty     Midsize     Midsize 
  9.0000000 -10.0000000  33.0000000 -68.1428571 -45.0909091 104.9090909 
    Midsize     Midsize     Midsize       Large       Small       Small 
 11.9090909  51.9090909 -13.0909091  30.5454545  -9.0000000  12.0000000 
    Compact         Van      Sporty     Compact     Midsize      Sporty 
 33.0000000   5.5555556  94.8571429  -1.0000000  43.9090909 -60.1428571 
    Midsize       Small     Midsize       Small     Compact         Van 
-33.0909091   1.0000000  28.9090909  19.0000000  19.0000000   1.5555556 
    Midsize     Compact     Midsize         Van       Large      Sporty 
-13.0909091  24.0000000 -63.0909091  20.5555556  -9.4545455 -68.1428571 
      Small     Compact      Sporty     Midsize       Large     Compact 
-17.0000000 -21.0000000  -0.1428571  26.9090909  -9.4545455   9.0000000 
      Small       Small       Small     Compact       Small       Small 
 -6.0000000 -18.0000000  -1.0000000  -1.0000000 -21.0000000  -9.0000000 
     Sporty     Midsize         Van       Small         Van     Compact 
-25.1428571 -43.0909091 -11.4444444 -10.0000000 -40.4444444   3.0000000 
     Sporty     Compact     Midsize 
 17.8571429 -17.0000000  -5.0909091 
library(moments)
tapply(df$hpdiff, df$Type, skewness)
   Compact      Large    Midsize      Small     Sporty        Van 
 0.1321467  0.2364544  0.6419202  0.6377890  0.9416759 -0.8717084 
tapply(df$hpdiff, df$Type, kurtosis)
 Compact    Large  Midsize    Small   Sporty      Van 
2.006859 1.989505 2.905094 3.015564 2.541832 3.192784 

QUESTION 3

Create two new data frames for USA and non-USA cars. (10pt.)

USA <- df[df$Origin=="USA",]
USA
   Manufacturer          Model    Type Min.Price Price Max.Price MPG.city
6         Buick        Century Midsize      14.2  15.7      17.3       22
7         Buick        LeSabre   Large      19.9  20.8      21.7       19
8         Buick     Roadmaster   Large      22.6  23.7      24.9       16
9         Buick        Riviera Midsize      26.3  26.3      26.3       19
10     Cadillac        DeVille   Large      33.0  34.7      36.3       16
11     Cadillac        Seville Midsize      37.5  40.1      42.7       16
12    Chevrolet       Cavalier Compact       8.5  13.4      18.3       25
13    Chevrolet        Corsica Compact      11.4  11.4      11.4       25
14    Chevrolet         Camaro  Sporty      13.4  15.1      16.8       19
15    Chevrolet         Lumina Midsize      13.4  15.9      18.4       21
16    Chevrolet     Lumina_APV     Van      14.7  16.3      18.0       18
17    Chevrolet          Astro     Van      14.7  16.6      18.6       15
18    Chevrolet        Caprice   Large      18.0  18.8      19.6       17
19    Chevrolet       Corvette  Sporty      34.6  38.0      41.5       17
20     Chrylser       Concorde   Large      18.4  18.4      18.4       20
21     Chrysler        LeBaron Compact      14.5  15.8      17.1       23
22     Chrysler       Imperial   Large      29.5  29.5      29.5       20
23        Dodge           Colt   Small       7.9   9.2      10.6       29
24        Dodge         Shadow   Small       8.4  11.3      14.2       23
25        Dodge         Spirit Compact      11.9  13.3      14.7       22
26        Dodge        Caravan     Van      13.6  19.0      24.4       17
27        Dodge        Dynasty Midsize      14.8  15.6      16.4       21
28        Dodge        Stealth  Sporty      18.5  25.8      33.1       18
29        Eagle         Summit   Small       7.9  12.2      16.5       29
30        Eagle         Vision   Large      17.5  19.3      21.2       20
31         Ford        Festiva   Small       6.9   7.4       7.9       31
32         Ford         Escort   Small       8.4  10.1      11.9       23
33         Ford          Tempo Compact      10.4  11.3      12.2       22
34         Ford        Mustang  Sporty      10.8  15.9      21.0       22
35         Ford          Probe  Sporty      12.8  14.0      15.2       24
36         Ford       Aerostar     Van      14.5  19.9      25.3       15
37         Ford         Taurus Midsize      15.6  20.2      24.8       21
38         Ford Crown_Victoria   Large      20.1  20.9      21.7       18
51      Lincoln    Continental Midsize      33.3  34.3      35.3       17
52      Lincoln       Town_Car   Large      34.4  36.1      37.8       18
60      Mercury          Capri  Sporty      13.3  14.1      15.0       23
61      Mercury         Cougar Midsize      14.9  14.9      14.9       19
68   Oldsmobile        Achieva Compact      13.0  13.5      14.0       24
69   Oldsmobile  Cutlass_Ciera Midsize      14.2  16.3      18.4       23
70   Oldsmobile     Silhouette     Van      19.5  19.5      19.5       18
71   Oldsmobile   Eighty-Eight   Large      19.5  20.7      21.9       19
72     Plymouth          Laser  Sporty      11.4  14.4      17.4       23
73      Pontiac         LeMans   Small       8.2   9.0       9.9       31
74      Pontiac        Sunbird Compact       9.4  11.1      12.8       23
75      Pontiac       Firebird  Sporty      14.0  17.7      21.4       19
76      Pontiac     Grand_Prix Midsize      15.4  18.5      21.6       19
77      Pontiac     Bonneville   Large      19.4  24.4      29.4       19
79       Saturn             SL   Small       9.2  11.1      12.9       28
   MPG.highway            AirBags DriveTrain Cylinders EngineSize
6           31        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
7           28        Driver only      Front         6        3.8
8           25        Driver only       Rear         6        5.7
9           27        Driver only      Front         6        3.8
10          25        Driver only      Front         8        4.9
11          25 Driver & Passenger      Front         8        4.6
12          36               None      Front         4        2.2
13          34        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
14          28 Driver & Passenger       Rear         6        3.4
15          29               None      Front         4        2.2
16          23               None      Front         6        3.8
17          20               None        4WD         6        4.3
18          26        Driver only       Rear         8        5.0
19          25        Driver only       Rear         8        5.7
20          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.3
21          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         4        3.0
22          26        Driver only      Front         6        3.3
23          33               None      Front         4        1.5
24          29        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
25          27        Driver only      Front         4        2.5
26          21        Driver only        4WD         6        3.0
27          27        Driver only      Front         4        2.5
28          24        Driver only        4WD         6        3.0
29          33               None      Front         4        1.5
30          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.5
31          33               None      Front         4        1.3
32          30               None      Front         4        1.8
33          27               None      Front         4        2.3
34          29        Driver only       Rear         4        2.3
35          30        Driver only      Front         4        2.0
36          20        Driver only        4WD         6        3.0
37          30        Driver only      Front         6        3.0
38          26        Driver only       Rear         8        4.6
51          26 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.8
52          26 Driver & Passenger       Rear         8        4.6
60          26        Driver only      Front         4        1.6
61          26               None       Rear         6        3.8
68          31               None      Front         4        2.3
69          31        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
70          23               None      Front         6        3.8
71          28        Driver only      Front         6        3.8
72          30               None        4WD         4        1.8
73          41               None      Front         4        1.6
74          31               None      Front         4        2.0
75          28 Driver & Passenger       Rear         6        3.4
76          27               None      Front         6        3.4
77          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.8
79          38        Driver only      Front         4        1.9
   Horsepower  RPM Rev.per.mile Man.trans.avail Fuel.tank.capacity
6         110 5200         2565              No               16.4
7         170 4800         1570              No               18.0
8         180 4000         1320              No               23.0
9         170 4800         1690              No               18.8
10        200 4100         1510              No               18.0
11        295 6000         1985              No               20.0
12        110 5200         2380             Yes               15.2
13        110 5200         2665             Yes               15.6
14        160 4600         1805             Yes               15.5
15        110 5200         2595              No               16.5
16        170 4800         1690              No               20.0
17        165 4000         1790              No               27.0
18        170 4200         1350              No               23.0
19        300 5000         1450             Yes               20.0
20        153 5300         1990              No               18.0
21        141 5000         2090              No               16.0
22        147 4800         1785              No               16.0
23         92 6000         3285             Yes               13.2
24         93 4800         2595             Yes               14.0
25        100 4800         2535             Yes               16.0
26        142 5000         1970              No               20.0
27        100 4800         2465              No               16.0
28        300 6000         2120             Yes               19.8
29         92 6000         2505             Yes               13.2
30        214 5800         1980              No               18.0
31         63 5000         3150             Yes               10.0
32        127 6500         2410             Yes               13.2
33         96 4200         2805             Yes               15.9
34        105 4600         2285             Yes               15.4
35        115 5500         2340             Yes               15.5
36        145 4800         2080             Yes               21.0
37        140 4800         1885              No               16.0
38        190 4200         1415              No               20.0
51        160 4400         1835              No               18.4
52        210 4600         1840              No               20.0
60        100 5750         2475             Yes               11.1
61        140 3800         1730              No               18.0
68        155 6000         2380              No               15.2
69        110 5200         2565              No               16.5
70        170 4800         1690              No               20.0
71        170 4800         1570              No               18.0
72         92 5000         2360             Yes               15.9
73         74 5600         3130             Yes               13.2
74        110 5200         2665             Yes               15.2
75        160 4600         1805             Yes               15.5
76        200 5000         1890             Yes               16.5
77        170 4800         1565              No               18.0
79         85 5000         2145             Yes               12.8
   Passengers Length Wheelbase Width Turn.circle Rear.seat.room
6           6    189       105    69          41           28.0
7           6    200       111    74          42           30.5
8           6    216       116    78          45           30.5
9           5    198       108    73          41           26.5
10          6    206       114    73          43           35.0
11          5    204       111    74          44           31.0
12          5    182       101    66          38           25.0
13          5    184       103    68          39           26.0
14          4    193       101    74          43           25.0
15          6    198       108    71          40           28.5
16          7    178       110    74          44           30.5
17          8    194       111    78          42           33.5
18          6    214       116    77          42           29.5
19          2    179        96    74          43             NA
20          6    203       113    74          40           31.0
21          6    183       104    68          41           30.5
22          6    203       110    69          44           36.0
23          5    174        98    66          32           26.5
24          5    172        97    67          38           26.5
25          6    181       104    68          39           30.5
26          7    175       112    72          42           26.5
27          6    192       105    69          42           30.5
28          4    180        97    72          40           20.0
29          5    174        98    66          36           26.5
30          6    202       113    74          40           30.0
31          4    141        90    63          33           26.0
32          5    171        98    67          36           28.0
33          5    177       100    68          39           27.5
34          4    180       101    68          40           24.0
35          4    179       103    70          38           23.0
36          7    176       119    72          45           30.0
37          5    192       106    71          40           27.5
38          6    212       114    78          43           30.0
51          6    205       109    73          42           30.0
52          6    219       117    77          45           31.5
60          4    166        95    65          36           19.0
61          5    199       113    73          38           28.0
68          5    188       103    67          39           28.0
69          5    190       105    70          42           28.0
70          7    194       110    74          44           30.5
71          6    201       111    74          42           31.5
72          4    173        97    67          39           24.5
73          4    177        99    66          35           25.5
74          5    181       101    66          39           25.0
75          4    196       101    75          43           25.0
76          5    195       108    72          41           28.5
77          6    177       111    74          43           30.5
79          5    176       102    68          40           26.5
   Luggage.room Weight Origin                     Make  min
6            16   2880    USA            Buick Century 13.9
7            17   3470    USA            Buick LeSabre 18.4
8            21   4105    USA         Buick Roadmaster 18.4
9            14   3495    USA            Buick Riviera 13.9
10           18   3620    USA         Cadillac DeVille 18.4
11           14   3935    USA         Cadillac Seville 13.9
12           13   2490    USA       Chevrolet Cavalier 11.1
13           14   2785    USA        Chevrolet Corsica 11.1
14           13   3240    USA         Chevrolet Camaro 10.0
15           16   3195    USA         Chevrolet Lumina 13.9
16           NA   3715    USA     Chevrolet Lumina_APV 16.3
17           NA   4025    USA          Chevrolet Astro 16.3
18           20   3910    USA        Chevrolet Caprice 18.4
19           NA   3380    USA       Chevrolet Corvette 10.0
20           15   3515    USA        Chrylser Concorde 18.4
21           14   3085    USA         Chrysler LeBaron 11.1
22           17   3570    USA        Chrysler Imperial 18.4
23           11   2270    USA               Dodge Colt  7.4
24           13   2670    USA             Dodge Shadow  7.4
25           14   2970    USA             Dodge Spirit 11.1
26           NA   3705    USA            Dodge Caravan 16.3
27           16   3080    USA            Dodge Dynasty 13.9
28           11   3805    USA            Dodge Stealth 10.0
29           11   2295    USA             Eagle Summit  7.4
30           15   3490    USA             Eagle Vision 18.4
31           12   1845    USA             Ford Festiva  7.4
32           12   2530    USA              Ford Escort  7.4
33           13   2690    USA               Ford Tempo 11.1
34           12   2850    USA             Ford Mustang 10.0
35           18   2710    USA               Ford Probe 10.0
36           NA   3735    USA            Ford Aerostar 16.3
37           18   3325    USA              Ford Taurus 13.9
38           21   3950    USA      Ford Crown_Victoria 18.4
51           19   3695    USA      Lincoln Continental 13.9
52           22   4055    USA         Lincoln Town_Car 18.4
60            6   2450    USA            Mercury Capri 10.0
61           15   3610    USA           Mercury Cougar 13.9
68           14   2910    USA       Oldsmobile Achieva 11.1
69           16   2890    USA Oldsmobile Cutlass_Ciera 13.9
70           NA   3715    USA    Oldsmobile Silhouette 16.3
71           17   3470    USA  Oldsmobile Eighty-Eight 18.4
72            8   2640    USA           Plymouth Laser 10.0
73           17   2350    USA           Pontiac LeMans  7.4
74           13   2575    USA          Pontiac Sunbird 11.1
75           13   3240    USA         Pontiac Firebird 10.0
76           16   3450    USA       Pontiac Grand_Prix 13.9
77           18   3495    USA       Pontiac Bonneville 18.4
79           12   2495    USA                Saturn SL  7.4
   Pricedifference maxi1mpg mpgdiff   meanhp      hpdiff
6              1.8       31       0 173.0909 -63.0909091
7              2.4       28       0 179.4545  -9.4545455
8              5.3       28      -3 179.4545   0.5454545
9             12.4       31      -4 173.0909  -3.0909091
10            16.3       28      -3 179.4545  20.5454545
11            26.2       31      -6 173.0909 121.9090909
12             2.3       36       0 131.0000 -21.0000000
13             0.3       36      -2 131.0000 -21.0000000
14             5.1       36      -8 160.1429  -0.1428571
15             2.0       31      -2 173.0909 -63.0909091
16             0.0       24      -1 149.4444  20.5555556
17             0.3       24      -4 149.4444  15.5555556
18             0.4       28      -2 179.4545  -9.4545455
19            28.0       36     -11 160.1429 139.8571429
20             0.0       28       0 179.4545 -26.4545455
21             4.7       36      -8 131.0000  10.0000000
22            11.1       28      -2 179.4545 -32.4545455
23             1.8       50     -17  91.0000   1.0000000
24             3.9       50     -21  91.0000   2.0000000
25             2.2       36      -9 131.0000 -31.0000000
26             2.7       24      -3 149.4444  -7.4444444
27             1.7       31      -4 173.0909 -73.0909091
28            15.8       36     -12 160.1429 139.8571429
29             4.8       50     -17  91.0000   1.0000000
30             0.9       28       0 179.4545  34.5454545
31             0.0       50     -17  91.0000 -28.0000000
32             2.7       50     -20  91.0000  36.0000000
33             0.2       36      -9 131.0000 -35.0000000
34             5.9       36      -7 160.1429 -55.1428571
35             4.0       36      -6 160.1429 -45.1428571
36             3.6       24      -4 149.4444  -4.4444444
37             6.3       31      -1 173.0909 -33.0909091
38             2.5       28      -2 179.4545  10.5454545
51            20.4       31      -5 173.0909 -13.0909091
52            17.7       28      -2 179.4545  30.5454545
60             4.1       36     -10 160.1429 -60.1428571
61             1.0       31      -5 173.0909 -33.0909091
68             2.4       36      -5 131.0000  24.0000000
69             2.4       31       0 173.0909 -63.0909091
70             3.2       24      -1 149.4444  20.5555556
71             2.3       28       0 179.4545  -9.4545455
72             4.4       36      -6 160.1429 -68.1428571
73             1.6       50      -9  91.0000 -17.0000000
74             0.0       36      -5 131.0000 -21.0000000
75             7.7       36      -8 160.1429  -0.1428571
76             4.6       31      -4 173.0909  26.9090909
77             6.0       28       0 179.4545  -9.4545455
79             3.7       50     -12  91.0000  -6.0000000
non_USA <- df[df$Origin=="non-USA",]
non_USA
    Manufacturer    Model    Type Min.Price Price Max.Price MPG.city
1          Acura  Integra   Small      12.9  15.9      18.8       25
2          Acura   Legend Midsize      29.2  33.9      38.7       18
3           Audi       90 Compact      25.9  29.1      32.3       20
4           Audi      100 Midsize      30.8  37.7      44.6       19
5            BMW     535i Midsize      23.7  30.0      36.2       22
39           Geo    Metro   Small       6.7   8.4      10.0       46
40           Geo    Storm  Sporty      11.5  12.5      13.5       30
41         Honda  Prelude  Sporty      17.0  19.8      22.7       24
42         Honda    Civic   Small       8.4  12.1      15.8       42
43         Honda   Accord Compact      13.8  17.5      21.2       24
44       Hyundai    Excel   Small       6.8   8.0       9.2       29
45       Hyundai  Elantra   Small       9.0  10.0      11.0       22
46       Hyundai   Scoupe  Sporty       9.1  10.0      11.0       26
47       Hyundai   Sonata Midsize      12.4  13.9      15.3       20
48      Infiniti      Q45 Midsize      45.4  47.9      50.4       17
49         Lexus    ES300 Midsize      27.5  28.0      28.4       18
50         Lexus    SC300 Midsize      34.7  35.2      35.6       18
53         Mazda      323   Small       7.4   8.3       9.1       29
54         Mazda  Protege   Small      10.9  11.6      12.3       28
55         Mazda      626 Compact      14.3  16.5      18.7       26
56         Mazda      MPV     Van      16.6  19.1      21.7       18
57         Mazda     RX-7  Sporty      32.5  32.5      32.5       17
58 Mercedes-Benz     190E Compact      29.0  31.9      34.9       20
59 Mercedes-Benz     300E Midsize      43.8  61.9      80.0       19
62    Mitsubishi   Mirage   Small       7.7  10.3      12.9       29
63    Mitsubishi Diamante Midsize      22.4  26.1      29.9       18
64        Nissan   Sentra   Small       8.7  11.8      14.9       29
65        Nissan   Altima Compact      13.0  15.7      18.3       24
66        Nissan    Quest     Van      16.7  19.1      21.5       17
67        Nissan   Maxima Midsize      21.0  21.5      22.0       21
78          Saab      900 Compact      20.3  28.7      37.1       20
80        Subaru    Justy   Small       7.3   8.4       9.5       33
81        Subaru   Loyale   Small      10.5  10.9      11.3       25
82        Subaru   Legacy Compact      16.3  19.5      22.7       23
83        Suzuki    Swift   Small       7.3   8.6      10.0       39
84        Toyota   Tercel   Small       7.8   9.8      11.8       32
85        Toyota   Celica  Sporty      14.2  18.4      22.6       25
86        Toyota    Camry Midsize      15.2  18.2      21.2       22
87        Toyota   Previa     Van      18.9  22.7      26.6       18
88    Volkswagen      Fox   Small       8.7   9.1       9.5       25
89    Volkswagen  Eurovan     Van      16.6  19.7      22.7       17
90    Volkswagen   Passat Compact      17.6  20.0      22.4       21
91    Volkswagen  Corrado  Sporty      22.9  23.3      23.7       18
92         Volvo      240 Compact      21.8  22.7      23.5       21
93         Volvo      850 Midsize      24.8  26.7      28.5       20
   MPG.highway            AirBags DriveTrain Cylinders EngineSize
1           31               None      Front         4        1.8
2           25 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.2
3           26        Driver only      Front         6        2.8
4           26 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        2.8
5           30        Driver only       Rear         4        3.5
39          50               None      Front         3        1.0
40          36        Driver only      Front         4        1.6
41          31 Driver & Passenger      Front         4        2.3
42          46        Driver only      Front         4        1.5
43          31 Driver & Passenger      Front         4        2.2
44          33               None      Front         4        1.5
45          29               None      Front         4        1.8
46          34               None      Front         4        1.5
47          27               None      Front         4        2.0
48          22        Driver only       Rear         8        4.5
49          24        Driver only      Front         6        3.0
50          23 Driver & Passenger       Rear         6        3.0
53          37               None      Front         4        1.6
54          36               None      Front         4        1.8
55          34        Driver only      Front         4        2.5
56          24               None        4WD         6        3.0
57          25        Driver only       Rear    rotary        1.3
58          29        Driver only       Rear         4        2.3
59          25 Driver & Passenger       Rear         6        3.2
62          33               None      Front         4        1.5
63          24        Driver only      Front         6        3.0
64          33        Driver only      Front         4        1.6
65          30        Driver only      Front         4        2.4
66          23               None      Front         6        3.0
67          26        Driver only      Front         6        3.0
78          26        Driver only      Front         4        2.1
80          37               None        4WD         3        1.2
81          30               None        4WD         4        1.8
82          30        Driver only        4WD         4        2.2
83          43               None      Front         3        1.3
84          37        Driver only      Front         4        1.5
85          32        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
86          29        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
87          22        Driver only        4WD         4        2.4
88          33               None      Front         4        1.8
89          21               None      Front         5        2.5
90          30               None      Front         4        2.0
91          25               None      Front         6        2.8
92          28        Driver only       Rear         4        2.3
93          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         5        2.4
   Horsepower  RPM Rev.per.mile Man.trans.avail Fuel.tank.capacity
1         140 6300         2890             Yes               13.2
2         200 5500         2335             Yes               18.0
3         172 5500         2280             Yes               16.9
4         172 5500         2535             Yes               21.1
5         208 5700         2545             Yes               21.1
39         55 5700         3755             Yes               10.6
40         90 5400         3250             Yes               12.4
41        160 5800         2855             Yes               15.9
42        102 5900         2650             Yes               11.9
43        140 5600         2610             Yes               17.0
44         81 5500         2710             Yes               11.9
45        124 6000         2745             Yes               13.7
46         92 5550         2540             Yes               11.9
47        128 6000         2335             Yes               17.2
48        278 6000         1955              No               22.5
49        185 5200         2325             Yes               18.5
50        225 6000         2510             Yes               20.6
53         82 5000         2370             Yes               13.2
54        103 5500         2220             Yes               14.5
55        164 5600         2505             Yes               15.5
56        155 5000         2240              No               19.6
57        255 6500         2325             Yes               20.0
58        130 5100         2425             Yes               14.5
59        217 5500         2220              No               18.5
62         92 6000         2505             Yes               13.2
63        202 6000         2210              No               19.0
64        110 6000         2435             Yes               13.2
65        150 5600         2130             Yes               15.9
66        151 4800         2065              No               20.0
67        160 5200         2045              No               18.5
78        140 6000         2910             Yes               18.0
80         73 5600         2875             Yes                9.2
81         90 5200         3375             Yes               15.9
82        130 5600         2330             Yes               15.9
83         70 6000         3360             Yes               10.6
84         82 5200         3505             Yes               11.9
85        135 5400         2405             Yes               15.9
86        130 5400         2340             Yes               18.5
87        138 5000         2515             Yes               19.8
88         81 5500         2550             Yes               12.4
89        109 4500         2915             Yes               21.1
90        134 5800         2685             Yes               18.5
91        178 5800         2385             Yes               18.5
92        114 5400         2215             Yes               15.8
93        168 6200         2310             Yes               19.3
   Passengers Length Wheelbase Width Turn.circle Rear.seat.room
1           5    177       102    68          37           26.5
2           5    195       115    71          38           30.0
3           5    180       102    67          37           28.0
4           6    193       106    70          37           31.0
5           4    186       109    69          39           27.0
39          4    151        93    63          34           27.5
40          4    164        97    67          37           24.5
41          4    175       100    70          39           23.5
42          4    173       103    67          36           28.0
43          4    185       107    67          41           28.0
44          5    168        94    63          35           26.0
45          5    172        98    66          36           28.0
46          4    166        94    64          34           23.5
47          5    184       104    69          41           31.0
48          5    200       113    72          42           29.0
49          5    188       103    70          40           27.5
50          4    191       106    71          39           25.0
53          4    164        97    66          34           27.0
54          5    172        98    66          36           26.5
55          5    184       103    69          40           29.5
56          7    190       110    72          39           27.5
57          2    169        96    69          37             NA
58          5    175       105    67          34           26.0
59          5    187       110    69          37           27.0
62          5    172        98    67          36           26.0
63          5    190       107    70          43           27.5
64          5    170        96    66          33           26.0
65          5    181       103    67          40           28.5
66          7    190       112    74          41           27.0
67          5    188       104    69          41           28.5
78          5    184        99    67          37           26.5
80          4    146        90    60          32           23.5
81          5    175        97    65          35           27.5
82          5    179       102    67          37           27.0
83          4    161        93    63          34           27.5
84          5    162        94    65          36           24.0
85          4    174        99    69          39           23.0
86          5    188       103    70          38           28.5
87          7    187       113    71          41           35.0
88          4    163        93    63          34           26.0
89          7    187       115    72          38           34.0
90          5    180       103    67          35           31.5
91          4    159        97    66          36           26.0
92          5    190       104    67          37           29.5
93          5    184       105    69          38           30.0
   Luggage.room Weight  Origin                Make  min Pricedifference
1            11   2705 non-USA       Acura Integra  7.4             8.5
2            15   3560 non-USA        Acura Legend 13.9            20.0
3            14   3375 non-USA             Audi 90 11.1            18.0
4            17   3405 non-USA            Audi 100 13.9            23.8
5            13   3640 non-USA            BMW 535i 13.9            16.1
39           10   1695 non-USA           Geo Metro  7.4             1.0
40           11   2475 non-USA           Geo Storm 10.0             2.5
41            8   2865 non-USA       Honda Prelude 10.0             9.8
42           12   2350 non-USA         Honda Civic  7.4             4.7
43           14   3040 non-USA        Honda Accord 11.1             6.4
44           11   2345 non-USA       Hyundai Excel  7.4             0.6
45           12   2620 non-USA     Hyundai Elantra  7.4             2.6
46            9   2285 non-USA      Hyundai Scoupe 10.0             0.0
47           14   2885 non-USA      Hyundai Sonata 13.9             0.0
48           15   4000 non-USA        Infiniti Q45 13.9            34.0
49           14   3510 non-USA         Lexus ES300 13.9            14.1
50            9   3515 non-USA         Lexus SC300 13.9            21.3
53           16   2325 non-USA           Mazda 323  7.4             0.9
54           13   2440 non-USA       Mazda Protege  7.4             4.2
55           14   2970 non-USA           Mazda 626 11.1             5.4
56           NA   3735 non-USA           Mazda MPV 16.3             2.8
57           NA   2895 non-USA          Mazda RX-7 10.0            22.5
58           12   2920 non-USA  Mercedes-Benz 190E 11.1            20.8
59           15   3525 non-USA  Mercedes-Benz 300E 13.9            48.0
62           11   2295 non-USA   Mitsubishi Mirage  7.4             2.9
63           14   3730 non-USA Mitsubishi Diamante 13.9            12.2
64           12   2545 non-USA       Nissan Sentra  7.4             4.4
65           14   3050 non-USA       Nissan Altima 11.1             4.6
66           NA   4100 non-USA        Nissan Quest 16.3             2.8
67           14   3200 non-USA       Nissan Maxima 13.9             7.6
78           14   2775 non-USA            Saab 900 11.1            17.6
80           10   2045 non-USA        Subaru Justy  7.4             1.0
81           15   2490 non-USA       Subaru Loyale  7.4             3.5
82           14   3085 non-USA       Subaru Legacy 11.1             8.4
83           10   1965 non-USA        Suzuki Swift  7.4             1.2
84           11   2055 non-USA       Toyota Tercel  7.4             2.4
85           13   2950 non-USA       Toyota Celica 10.0             8.4
86           15   3030 non-USA        Toyota Camry 13.9             4.3
87           NA   3785 non-USA       Toyota Previa 16.3             6.4
88           10   2240 non-USA      Volkswagen Fox  7.4             1.7
89           NA   3960 non-USA  Volkswagen Eurovan 16.3             3.4
90           14   2985 non-USA   Volkswagen Passat 11.1             8.9
91           15   2810 non-USA  Volkswagen Corrado 10.0            13.3
92           14   2985 non-USA           Volvo 240 11.1            11.6
93           15   3245 non-USA           Volvo 850 13.9            12.8
   maxi1mpg mpgdiff   meanhp      hpdiff
1        50     -19  91.0000  49.0000000
2        31      -6 173.0909  26.9090909
3        36     -10 131.0000  41.0000000
4        31      -5 173.0909  -1.0909091
5        31      -1 173.0909  34.9090909
39       50       0  91.0000 -36.0000000
40       36       0 160.1429 -70.1428571
41       36      -5 160.1429  -0.1428571
42       50      -4  91.0000  11.0000000
43       36      -5 131.0000   9.0000000
44       50     -17  91.0000 -10.0000000
45       50     -21  91.0000  33.0000000
46       36      -2 160.1429 -68.1428571
47       31      -4 173.0909 -45.0909091
48       31      -9 173.0909 104.9090909
49       31      -7 173.0909  11.9090909
50       31      -8 173.0909  51.9090909
53       50     -13  91.0000  -9.0000000
54       50     -14  91.0000  12.0000000
55       36      -2 131.0000  33.0000000
56       24       0 149.4444   5.5555556
57       36     -11 160.1429  94.8571429
58       36      -7 131.0000  -1.0000000
59       31      -6 173.0909  43.9090909
62       50     -17  91.0000   1.0000000
63       31      -7 173.0909  28.9090909
64       50     -17  91.0000  19.0000000
65       36      -6 131.0000  19.0000000
66       24      -1 149.4444   1.5555556
67       31      -5 173.0909 -13.0909091
78       36     -10 131.0000   9.0000000
80       50     -13  91.0000 -18.0000000
81       50     -20  91.0000  -1.0000000
82       36      -6 131.0000  -1.0000000
83       50      -7  91.0000 -21.0000000
84       50     -13  91.0000  -9.0000000
85       36      -4 160.1429 -25.1428571
86       31      -2 173.0909 -43.0909091
87       24      -2 149.4444 -11.4444444
88       50     -17  91.0000 -10.0000000
89       24      -3 149.4444 -40.4444444
90       36      -6 131.0000   3.0000000
91       36     -11 160.1429  17.8571429
92       36      -8 131.0000 -17.0000000
93       31      -3 173.0909  -5.0909091

QUESTION 4

Use write.csv() to save the USA car data to a file. Read it in and check to see that all the factors are correctly set as factors. (10 pt.)

write.csv(USA,"USA.csv",row.names = FALSE)
df1 <- read.csv("USA.csv", header = TRUE)
df1
   Manufacturer          Model    Type Min.Price Price Max.Price MPG.city
1         Buick        Century Midsize      14.2  15.7      17.3       22
2         Buick        LeSabre   Large      19.9  20.8      21.7       19
3         Buick     Roadmaster   Large      22.6  23.7      24.9       16
4         Buick        Riviera Midsize      26.3  26.3      26.3       19
5      Cadillac        DeVille   Large      33.0  34.7      36.3       16
6      Cadillac        Seville Midsize      37.5  40.1      42.7       16
7     Chevrolet       Cavalier Compact       8.5  13.4      18.3       25
8     Chevrolet        Corsica Compact      11.4  11.4      11.4       25
9     Chevrolet         Camaro  Sporty      13.4  15.1      16.8       19
10    Chevrolet         Lumina Midsize      13.4  15.9      18.4       21
11    Chevrolet     Lumina_APV     Van      14.7  16.3      18.0       18
12    Chevrolet          Astro     Van      14.7  16.6      18.6       15
13    Chevrolet        Caprice   Large      18.0  18.8      19.6       17
14    Chevrolet       Corvette  Sporty      34.6  38.0      41.5       17
15     Chrylser       Concorde   Large      18.4  18.4      18.4       20
16     Chrysler        LeBaron Compact      14.5  15.8      17.1       23
17     Chrysler       Imperial   Large      29.5  29.5      29.5       20
18        Dodge           Colt   Small       7.9   9.2      10.6       29
19        Dodge         Shadow   Small       8.4  11.3      14.2       23
20        Dodge         Spirit Compact      11.9  13.3      14.7       22
21        Dodge        Caravan     Van      13.6  19.0      24.4       17
22        Dodge        Dynasty Midsize      14.8  15.6      16.4       21
23        Dodge        Stealth  Sporty      18.5  25.8      33.1       18
24        Eagle         Summit   Small       7.9  12.2      16.5       29
25        Eagle         Vision   Large      17.5  19.3      21.2       20
26         Ford        Festiva   Small       6.9   7.4       7.9       31
27         Ford         Escort   Small       8.4  10.1      11.9       23
28         Ford          Tempo Compact      10.4  11.3      12.2       22
29         Ford        Mustang  Sporty      10.8  15.9      21.0       22
30         Ford          Probe  Sporty      12.8  14.0      15.2       24
31         Ford       Aerostar     Van      14.5  19.9      25.3       15
32         Ford         Taurus Midsize      15.6  20.2      24.8       21
33         Ford Crown_Victoria   Large      20.1  20.9      21.7       18
34      Lincoln    Continental Midsize      33.3  34.3      35.3       17
35      Lincoln       Town_Car   Large      34.4  36.1      37.8       18
36      Mercury          Capri  Sporty      13.3  14.1      15.0       23
37      Mercury         Cougar Midsize      14.9  14.9      14.9       19
38   Oldsmobile        Achieva Compact      13.0  13.5      14.0       24
39   Oldsmobile  Cutlass_Ciera Midsize      14.2  16.3      18.4       23
40   Oldsmobile     Silhouette     Van      19.5  19.5      19.5       18
41   Oldsmobile   Eighty-Eight   Large      19.5  20.7      21.9       19
42     Plymouth          Laser  Sporty      11.4  14.4      17.4       23
43      Pontiac         LeMans   Small       8.2   9.0       9.9       31
44      Pontiac        Sunbird Compact       9.4  11.1      12.8       23
45      Pontiac       Firebird  Sporty      14.0  17.7      21.4       19
46      Pontiac     Grand_Prix Midsize      15.4  18.5      21.6       19
47      Pontiac     Bonneville   Large      19.4  24.4      29.4       19
48       Saturn             SL   Small       9.2  11.1      12.9       28
   MPG.highway            AirBags DriveTrain Cylinders EngineSize
1           31        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
2           28        Driver only      Front         6        3.8
3           25        Driver only       Rear         6        5.7
4           27        Driver only      Front         6        3.8
5           25        Driver only      Front         8        4.9
6           25 Driver & Passenger      Front         8        4.6
7           36               None      Front         4        2.2
8           34        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
9           28 Driver & Passenger       Rear         6        3.4
10          29               None      Front         4        2.2
11          23               None      Front         6        3.8
12          20               None        4WD         6        4.3
13          26        Driver only       Rear         8        5.0
14          25        Driver only       Rear         8        5.7
15          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.3
16          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         4        3.0
17          26        Driver only      Front         6        3.3
18          33               None      Front         4        1.5
19          29        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
20          27        Driver only      Front         4        2.5
21          21        Driver only        4WD         6        3.0
22          27        Driver only      Front         4        2.5
23          24        Driver only        4WD         6        3.0
24          33               None      Front         4        1.5
25          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.5
26          33               None      Front         4        1.3
27          30               None      Front         4        1.8
28          27               None      Front         4        2.3
29          29        Driver only       Rear         4        2.3
30          30        Driver only      Front         4        2.0
31          20        Driver only        4WD         6        3.0
32          30        Driver only      Front         6        3.0
33          26        Driver only       Rear         8        4.6
34          26 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.8
35          26 Driver & Passenger       Rear         8        4.6
36          26        Driver only      Front         4        1.6
37          26               None       Rear         6        3.8
38          31               None      Front         4        2.3
39          31        Driver only      Front         4        2.2
40          23               None      Front         6        3.8
41          28        Driver only      Front         6        3.8
42          30               None        4WD         4        1.8
43          41               None      Front         4        1.6
44          31               None      Front         4        2.0
45          28 Driver & Passenger       Rear         6        3.4
46          27               None      Front         6        3.4
47          28 Driver & Passenger      Front         6        3.8
48          38        Driver only      Front         4        1.9
   Horsepower  RPM Rev.per.mile Man.trans.avail Fuel.tank.capacity
1         110 5200         2565              No               16.4
2         170 4800         1570              No               18.0
3         180 4000         1320              No               23.0
4         170 4800         1690              No               18.8
5         200 4100         1510              No               18.0
6         295 6000         1985              No               20.0
7         110 5200         2380             Yes               15.2
8         110 5200         2665             Yes               15.6
9         160 4600         1805             Yes               15.5
10        110 5200         2595              No               16.5
11        170 4800         1690              No               20.0
12        165 4000         1790              No               27.0
13        170 4200         1350              No               23.0
14        300 5000         1450             Yes               20.0
15        153 5300         1990              No               18.0
16        141 5000         2090              No               16.0
17        147 4800         1785              No               16.0
18         92 6000         3285             Yes               13.2
19         93 4800         2595             Yes               14.0
20        100 4800         2535             Yes               16.0
21        142 5000         1970              No               20.0
22        100 4800         2465              No               16.0
23        300 6000         2120             Yes               19.8
24         92 6000         2505             Yes               13.2
25        214 5800         1980              No               18.0
26         63 5000         3150             Yes               10.0
27        127 6500         2410             Yes               13.2
28         96 4200         2805             Yes               15.9
29        105 4600         2285             Yes               15.4
30        115 5500         2340             Yes               15.5
31        145 4800         2080             Yes               21.0
32        140 4800         1885              No               16.0
33        190 4200         1415              No               20.0
34        160 4400         1835              No               18.4
35        210 4600         1840              No               20.0
36        100 5750         2475             Yes               11.1
37        140 3800         1730              No               18.0
38        155 6000         2380              No               15.2
39        110 5200         2565              No               16.5
40        170 4800         1690              No               20.0
41        170 4800         1570              No               18.0
42         92 5000         2360             Yes               15.9
43         74 5600         3130             Yes               13.2
44        110 5200         2665             Yes               15.2
45        160 4600         1805             Yes               15.5
46        200 5000         1890             Yes               16.5
47        170 4800         1565              No               18.0
48         85 5000         2145             Yes               12.8
   Passengers Length Wheelbase Width Turn.circle Rear.seat.room
1           6    189       105    69          41           28.0
2           6    200       111    74          42           30.5
3           6    216       116    78          45           30.5
4           5    198       108    73          41           26.5
5           6    206       114    73          43           35.0
6           5    204       111    74          44           31.0
7           5    182       101    66          38           25.0
8           5    184       103    68          39           26.0
9           4    193       101    74          43           25.0
10          6    198       108    71          40           28.5
11          7    178       110    74          44           30.5
12          8    194       111    78          42           33.5
13          6    214       116    77          42           29.5
14          2    179        96    74          43             NA
15          6    203       113    74          40           31.0
16          6    183       104    68          41           30.5
17          6    203       110    69          44           36.0
18          5    174        98    66          32           26.5
19          5    172        97    67          38           26.5
20          6    181       104    68          39           30.5
21          7    175       112    72          42           26.5
22          6    192       105    69          42           30.5
23          4    180        97    72          40           20.0
24          5    174        98    66          36           26.5
25          6    202       113    74          40           30.0
26          4    141        90    63          33           26.0
27          5    171        98    67          36           28.0
28          5    177       100    68          39           27.5
29          4    180       101    68          40           24.0
30          4    179       103    70          38           23.0
31          7    176       119    72          45           30.0
32          5    192       106    71          40           27.5
33          6    212       114    78          43           30.0
34          6    205       109    73          42           30.0
35          6    219       117    77          45           31.5
36          4    166        95    65          36           19.0
37          5    199       113    73          38           28.0
38          5    188       103    67          39           28.0
39          5    190       105    70          42           28.0
40          7    194       110    74          44           30.5
41          6    201       111    74          42           31.5
42          4    173        97    67          39           24.5
43          4    177        99    66          35           25.5
44          5    181       101    66          39           25.0
45          4    196       101    75          43           25.0
46          5    195       108    72          41           28.5
47          6    177       111    74          43           30.5
48          5    176       102    68          40           26.5
   Luggage.room Weight Origin                     Make  min
1            16   2880    USA            Buick Century 13.9
2            17   3470    USA            Buick LeSabre 18.4
3            21   4105    USA         Buick Roadmaster 18.4
4            14   3495    USA            Buick Riviera 13.9
5            18   3620    USA         Cadillac DeVille 18.4
6            14   3935    USA         Cadillac Seville 13.9
7            13   2490    USA       Chevrolet Cavalier 11.1
8            14   2785    USA        Chevrolet Corsica 11.1
9            13   3240    USA         Chevrolet Camaro 10.0
10           16   3195    USA         Chevrolet Lumina 13.9
11           NA   3715    USA     Chevrolet Lumina_APV 16.3
12           NA   4025    USA          Chevrolet Astro 16.3
13           20   3910    USA        Chevrolet Caprice 18.4
14           NA   3380    USA       Chevrolet Corvette 10.0
15           15   3515    USA        Chrylser Concorde 18.4
16           14   3085    USA         Chrysler LeBaron 11.1
17           17   3570    USA        Chrysler Imperial 18.4
18           11   2270    USA               Dodge Colt  7.4
19           13   2670    USA             Dodge Shadow  7.4
20           14   2970    USA             Dodge Spirit 11.1
21           NA   3705    USA            Dodge Caravan 16.3
22           16   3080    USA            Dodge Dynasty 13.9
23           11   3805    USA            Dodge Stealth 10.0
24           11   2295    USA             Eagle Summit  7.4
25           15   3490    USA             Eagle Vision 18.4
26           12   1845    USA             Ford Festiva  7.4
27           12   2530    USA              Ford Escort  7.4
28           13   2690    USA               Ford Tempo 11.1
29           12   2850    USA             Ford Mustang 10.0
30           18   2710    USA               Ford Probe 10.0
31           NA   3735    USA            Ford Aerostar 16.3
32           18   3325    USA              Ford Taurus 13.9
33           21   3950    USA      Ford Crown_Victoria 18.4
34           19   3695    USA      Lincoln Continental 13.9
35           22   4055    USA         Lincoln Town_Car 18.4
36            6   2450    USA            Mercury Capri 10.0
37           15   3610    USA           Mercury Cougar 13.9
38           14   2910    USA       Oldsmobile Achieva 11.1
39           16   2890    USA Oldsmobile Cutlass_Ciera 13.9
40           NA   3715    USA    Oldsmobile Silhouette 16.3
41           17   3470    USA  Oldsmobile Eighty-Eight 18.4
42            8   2640    USA           Plymouth Laser 10.0
43           17   2350    USA           Pontiac LeMans  7.4
44           13   2575    USA          Pontiac Sunbird 11.1
45           13   3240    USA         Pontiac Firebird 10.0
46           16   3450    USA       Pontiac Grand_Prix 13.9
47           18   3495    USA       Pontiac Bonneville 18.4
48           12   2495    USA                Saturn SL  7.4
   Pricedifference maxi1mpg mpgdiff   meanhp      hpdiff
1              1.8       31       0 173.0909 -63.0909091
2              2.4       28       0 179.4545  -9.4545455
3              5.3       28      -3 179.4545   0.5454545
4             12.4       31      -4 173.0909  -3.0909091
5             16.3       28      -3 179.4545  20.5454545
6             26.2       31      -6 173.0909 121.9090909
7              2.3       36       0 131.0000 -21.0000000
8              0.3       36      -2 131.0000 -21.0000000
9              5.1       36      -8 160.1429  -0.1428571
10             2.0       31      -2 173.0909 -63.0909091
11             0.0       24      -1 149.4444  20.5555556
12             0.3       24      -4 149.4444  15.5555556
13             0.4       28      -2 179.4545  -9.4545455
14            28.0       36     -11 160.1429 139.8571429
15             0.0       28       0 179.4545 -26.4545455
16             4.7       36      -8 131.0000  10.0000000
17            11.1       28      -2 179.4545 -32.4545455
18             1.8       50     -17  91.0000   1.0000000
19             3.9       50     -21  91.0000   2.0000000
20             2.2       36      -9 131.0000 -31.0000000
21             2.7       24      -3 149.4444  -7.4444444
22             1.7       31      -4 173.0909 -73.0909091
23            15.8       36     -12 160.1429 139.8571429
24             4.8       50     -17  91.0000   1.0000000
25             0.9       28       0 179.4545  34.5454545
26             0.0       50     -17  91.0000 -28.0000000
27             2.7       50     -20  91.0000  36.0000000
28             0.2       36      -9 131.0000 -35.0000000
29             5.9       36      -7 160.1429 -55.1428571
30             4.0       36      -6 160.1429 -45.1428571
31             3.6       24      -4 149.4444  -4.4444444
32             6.3       31      -1 173.0909 -33.0909091
33             2.5       28      -2 179.4545  10.5454545
34            20.4       31      -5 173.0909 -13.0909091
35            17.7       28      -2 179.4545  30.5454545
36             4.1       36     -10 160.1429 -60.1428571
37             1.0       31      -5 173.0909 -33.0909091
38             2.4       36      -5 131.0000  24.0000000
39             2.4       31       0 173.0909 -63.0909091
40             3.2       24      -1 149.4444  20.5555556
41             2.3       28       0 179.4545  -9.4545455
42             4.4       36      -6 160.1429 -68.1428571
43             1.6       50      -9  91.0000 -17.0000000
44             0.0       36      -5 131.0000 -21.0000000
45             7.7       36      -8 160.1429  -0.1428571
46             4.6       31      -4 173.0909  26.9090909
47             6.0       28       0 179.4545  -9.4545455
48             3.7       50     -12  91.0000  -6.0000000
str(df1)
'data.frame':   48 obs. of  33 variables:
 $ Manufacturer      : Factor w/ 14 levels "Buick","Cadillac",..: 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 ...
 $ Model             : Factor w/ 48 levels "Achieva","Aerostar",..: 10 30 36 35 19 37 9 14 5 31 ...
 $ Type              : Factor w/ 6 levels "Compact","Large",..: 3 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 5 3 ...
 $ Min.Price         : num  14.2 19.9 22.6 26.3 33 37.5 8.5 11.4 13.4 13.4 ...
 $ Price             : num  15.7 20.8 23.7 26.3 34.7 40.1 13.4 11.4 15.1 15.9 ...
 $ Max.Price         : num  17.3 21.7 24.9 26.3 36.3 42.7 18.3 11.4 16.8 18.4 ...
 $ MPG.city          : int  22 19 16 19 16 16 25 25 19 21 ...
 $ MPG.highway       : int  31 28 25 27 25 25 36 34 28 29 ...
 $ AirBags           : Factor w/ 3 levels "Driver & Passenger",..: 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 1 3 ...
 $ DriveTrain        : Factor w/ 3 levels "4WD","Front",..: 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 ...
 $ Cylinders         : int  4 6 6 6 8 8 4 4 6 4 ...
 $ EngineSize        : num  2.2 3.8 5.7 3.8 4.9 4.6 2.2 2.2 3.4 2.2 ...
 $ Horsepower        : int  110 170 180 170 200 295 110 110 160 110 ...
 $ RPM               : int  5200 4800 4000 4800 4100 6000 5200 5200 4600 5200 ...
 $ Rev.per.mile      : int  2565 1570 1320 1690 1510 1985 2380 2665 1805 2595 ...
 $ Man.trans.avail   : Factor w/ 2 levels "No","Yes": 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 ...
 $ Fuel.tank.capacity: num  16.4 18 23 18.8 18 20 15.2 15.6 15.5 16.5 ...
 $ Passengers        : int  6 6 6 5 6 5 5 5 4 6 ...
 $ Length            : int  189 200 216 198 206 204 182 184 193 198 ...
 $ Wheelbase         : int  105 111 116 108 114 111 101 103 101 108 ...
 $ Width             : int  69 74 78 73 73 74 66 68 74 71 ...
 $ Turn.circle       : int  41 42 45 41 43 44 38 39 43 40 ...
 $ Rear.seat.room    : num  28 30.5 30.5 26.5 35 31 25 26 25 28.5 ...
 $ Luggage.room      : int  16 17 21 14 18 14 13 14 13 16 ...
 $ Weight            : int  2880 3470 4105 3495 3620 3935 2490 2785 3240 3195 ...
 $ Origin            : Factor w/ 1 level "USA": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
 $ Make              : Factor w/ 48 levels "Buick Century",..: 1 2 4 3 5 6 10 11 8 13 ...
 $ min               : num  13.9 18.4 18.4 13.9 18.4 13.9 11.1 11.1 10 13.9 ...
 $ Pricedifference   : num  1.8 2.4 5.3 12.4 16.3 ...
 $ maxi1mpg          : int  31 28 28 31 28 31 36 36 36 31 ...
 $ mpgdiff           : int  0 0 -3 -4 -3 -6 0 -2 -8 -2 ...
 $ meanhp            : num  173 179 179 173 179 ...
 $ hpdiff            : num  -63.091 -9.455 0.545 -3.091 20.545 ...
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