SF and Seattle Crimes: Theft and Fraud almost twice as likely in Seattle, especially at Midnight and Noon
Introduction:
In this post we examine Crimes by Time of Day in both San Francisco and Seattle. We compare and contrast to see if certain crime types occur relatively more often in SF or Seattle. Or if the times that certain types of crimes occur differ between the two cities. After some examination we find that Theft/Fraud is much more common in Seattle than San Francisco during the 2014 Summer. Additionally, we see that night times and noon have more crimes than other times. See Appendix for Crime Classifications.
Code is provided for the figures so that you can reproduce and follow along if desired.
Note: Data was collected during the Summer of 2014. Seattle data from https://data.seattle.gov/Public-Safety/Seattle-Police-Department-Police-Report-Incident/7ais-f98f. San Francisco data from https://data.sfgov.org/Public-Safety/SFPD-Incidents-from-1-January-2003/tmnf-yvry.
Loading and Formatting Data
For the sake of reproducibility I am including the loading and formatting of the data
suppressMessages(library(dplyr))
suppressMessages(library(lubridate))
suppressMessages(library(ggplot2))
suppressMessages(library(RColorBrewer))
seattle.data<-read.csv("seattle_incidents_summer_2014.csv",stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
sf.data<-read.csv("sanfrancisco_incidents_summer_2014.csv",stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
sf.data$Category<-as.factor(sf.data$Category)
crime.type<-read.csv("crime.type.csv")
sf.crime<-suppressWarnings(select(sf.data,Category,Time)%>%
mutate(City="San Francisco",Hour.of.Day=hour(hm(Time)))%>%
left_join(crime.type,by=c("Category"="Crime"))%>%
select(City,Type,Hour.of.Day))
seattle.crime<-suppressWarnings(select(seattle.data,Offense.Type,Occurred.Date.or.Date.Range.Start)%>%
mutate(City="Seattle",Hour.of.Day=hour(mdy_hms(Occurred.Date.or.Date.Range.Start)))%>%
left_join(crime.type,by=c("Offense.Type"="Crime"))%>%
select(City,Type,Hour.of.Day))
crime.data<-rbind(sf.crime,seattle.crime)
crime.data$City<-as.factor(crime.data$City)
crime.data$Type<-as.factor(crime.data$Type)Types of Crimes by City
crime.group.type<-group_by(crime.data,City,Type)%>%summarise(Count=n())
type.plot<-ggplot(crime.group.type,aes(x=Type,y=Count,fill=factor(City)))+
geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+
guides(fill=guide_legend(ncol=1,title="City"))+
xlab("Crime Type")+ylab("Count of Crimes")+ggtitle("Type of Crime by City")+
theme(legend.position="right",plot.title=element_text(size = 25, face="bold"), axis.text=element_text(size=10), axis.title=element_text(size=15,face="bold"))
print(type.plot)
From the above chart we see that Theft/Fraud is about twice as likely to occur in Seattle as in San Francisco. It seems that San Francisco has more issues with the Other cateogry which includes things like trespassing, warrents, and non-criminal offenses.
Times of Theft/Fraud for San Francisco
crime.group.sf<-filter(crime.data,City=="San Francisco")%>%group_by(Type,Hour.of.Day)%>%summarise(Count=n())
sf.plot<-ggplot(crime.group.sf, aes(x = Hour.of.Day, y = Count,fill=Type)) +
geom_bar(stat='identity')+
scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set1")+
ggtitle("SF Crimes by Time of Day") +
labs(x="Hour of Day",y="Count of Crimes")+
theme(legend.position="right",plot.title=element_text(size = 25, face="bold"), axis.text=element_text(size=10), axis.title=element_text(size=15,face="bold"))
print(sf.plot)
For San Francisco, we see a spike in crime around noon at the lunchtime hour. There is another spike in crimes during the 5pm to 7pm hour. Perhaps criminals know people are stuck in traffic and trying to get home.
Times of Theft/Fraud for Seattle
crime.group.seattle<-filter(crime.data,City=="Seattle")%>%group_by(Type,Hour.of.Day)%>%summarise(Count=n())
seattle.plot<-ggplot(crime.group.seattle,aes(x = Hour.of.Day, y = Count,fill=Type)) +
geom_bar(stat='identity')+
scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set1")+
ggtitle("Seattle Crimes by Time of Day") +
labs(x="Hour of Day",y="Count of Crimes")+
theme(legend.position="right",plot.title=element_text(size = 25, face="bold"), axis.text=element_text(size=10), axis.title=element_text(size=15,face="bold"))
print(seattle.plot)
The time of crimes is a bit more evenly distributed throughout the night for Seattle compared to San Francisco. Theft is especially bad at noon and midnight but also quite troublesome from 6pm to midnight. The early morning hours are a downtime for criminals in Seattle.
Conclusions
San Francisco and Seattle have very different kinds of crime but show somewhat similar trends as to the time of day that trends occur. Namely, there is a peak of crimes around noon/lunchtime and also at evening/night between the hours of 6pm and midnight.
Appendix: Crime Classification
Crime types are broadly classified into 5 categories: Violent, Theft/Fraud, Damage, Self-Inflicted, and Other. Violent including things such as homicide, assult, arson, and any weapons charges. Theft/Fraud includes Robberies, Theft, Counterfeiting, and electronic fraud, etc. Damage includes property damage and vandalism. Self-Inflcited is Drug, DUI, Gambling, Prostitution, Pornography, Suicide, etc. Other is all other crimes and incudes Trespassing, fleeing arrest, and disorderly conduct to name few. See Apppendix for detailed mapping.
Here is the table showing the mapping from the Crimes to the categorizations (Types) I created.
print(crime.type)## Crime Type
## 1 ARSON Violent
## 2 NON-CRIMINAL Other
## 3 LARCENY/THEFT Theft/Fraud
## 4 DRUG/NARCOTIC Self-Inflicted
## 5 DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE Self-Inflicted
## 6 OTHER OFFENSES Other
## 7 TRESPASS Other
## 8 VEHICLE THEFT Theft/Fraud
## 9 ASSAULT Violent
## 10 FRAUD Theft/Fraud
## 11 SUSPICIOUS OCC Other
## 12 SECONDARY CODES Other
## 13 WEAPON LAWS Violent
## 14 MISSING PERSON Other
## 15 WARRANTS Other
## 16 ROBBERY Theft/Fraud
## 17 DRUNKENNESS Self-Inflicted
## 18 PROSTITUTION Self-Inflicted
## 19 LIQUOR LAWS Self-Inflicted
## 20 KIDNAPPING Violent
## 21 FAMILY OFFENSES Other
## 22 LOITERING Other
## 23 DISORDERLY CONDUCT Other
## 24 FORGERY/COUNTERFEITING Theft/Fraud
## 25 EMBEZZLEMENT Theft/Fraud
## 26 BURGLARY Theft/Fraud
## 27 SUICIDE Self-Inflicted
## 28 VANDALISM Damage
## 29 STOLEN PROPERTY Theft/Fraud
## 30 RUNAWAY Other
## 31 GAMBLING Self-Inflicted
## 32 EXTORTION Theft/Fraud
## 33 PORNOGRAPHY/OBSCENE MAT Self-Inflicted
## 34 BRIBERY Theft/Fraud
## 35 BURGLARY-FORCE-RES Theft/Fraud
## 36 FRAUD-IDENTITY THEFT Theft/Fraud
## 37 THEFT-MAIL Theft/Fraud
## 38 COUNTERFEIT Theft/Fraud
## 39 THEFT-OTH Theft/Fraud
## 40 THEFT-BUILDING Theft/Fraud
## 41 FRAUD-CREDIT CARD Theft/Fraud
## 42 FRAUD-CHECK Theft/Fraud
## 43 EMBEZZLE Theft/Fraud
## 44 BURGLARY-NOFORCE-NONRES Theft/Fraud
## 45 FRAUD-OTHER Theft/Fraud
## 46 THEFT-CARPROWL Theft/Fraud
## 47 HARASSMENT Other
## 48 THEFT-AUTOACC Theft/Fraud
## 49 BURGLARY-NOFORCE-RES Theft/Fraud
## 50 PROPERTY DAMAGE-NON RESIDENTIA Damage
## 51 THEFT-LICENSE PLATE Theft/Fraud
## 52 PROPERTY LOST Other
## 53 FORGERY-CHECK Theft/Fraud
## 54 VEH-THEFT-AUTO Theft/Fraud
## 55 BURGLARY-SECURE PARKING-RES Theft/Fraud
## 56 THEFT-PKPOCKET Theft/Fraud
## 57 THREATS-OTHER Theft/Fraud
## 58 PROPERTY LOST - POLICE EQUIPME Other
## 59 THEFT-BICYCLE Theft/Fraud
## 60 VEH-RCVD-FOR OTHER AGENCY Other
## 61 VEH-THEFT-MTRCYCLE Theft/Fraud
## 62 NARC-SELL-HEROIN Self-Inflicted
## 63 DISPUTE-CIVIL PROPERTY (NON AU Other
## 64 VEH-THEFT-TRAILER Theft/Fraud
## 65 ASSLT-AGG-WEAPON Violent
## 66 PROPERTY FOUND Other
## 67 THREATS-KILL Violent
## 68 DISPUTE-OTH Other
## 69 WARRARR-MISDEMEANOR Other
## 70 ASSLT-AGG-BODYFORCE Violent
## 71 PROPERTY DAMAGE-RESIDENTIAL Damage
## 72 VEH-THEFT-TRUCK Theft/Fraud
## 73 PROPERTY DAMAGE - GRAFFITI Damage
## 74 THEFT-AUTO PARTS Theft/Fraud
## 75 ASSLT-NONAGG Violent
## 76 FRAUD-WIRE-ELECTRONIC Theft/Fraud
## 77 TRAFFIC Other
## 78 BURGLARY-FORCE-NONRES Theft/Fraud
## 79 PROPERTY STOLEN-TRAFFICKING Theft/Fraud
## 80 THEFT-SHOPLIFT Theft/Fraud
## 81 DISTURBANCE-OTH Other
## 82 VIOL-COURT ORDER Other
## 83 ILLEGAL DUMPING Other
## 84 PROSTITUTION-ASSIST-PROMOTE Self-Inflicted
## 85 ROBBERY-STREET-BODYFORCE Theft/Fraud
## 86 THEFT-BOAT Theft/Fraud
## 87 TRESPASS Other
## 88 PROPERTY STOLEN-POSSESS Theft/Fraud
## 89 THREATS-WEAPON Violent
## 90 ROBBERY-BUSINESS-BODYFORCE Theft/Fraud
## 91 LIQUOR LAW VIOLATION Self-Inflicted
## 92 BIAS INCIDENT Other
## 93 THEFT OF SERVICES Theft/Fraud
## 94 DISTURBANCE-NOISE Other
## 95 ASSLT-AGG-POLICE-GUN Violent
## 96 HOMICIDE-JUST-WEAPON Violent
## 97 PROP RECOVERED-OTHER AGENCY Other
## 98 OBSTRUCT Other
## 99 ROBBERY-BANK-WEAPON Theft/Fraud
## 100 NARC-FOUND-OTHER Self-Inflicted
## 101 DISPUTE-CIVIL PROPERTY (AUTO) Other
## 102 DRIVE-BY Violent
## 103 ROBBERY-BUSINESS-WEAPON Theft/Fraud
## 104 RECKLESS BURNING Damage
## 105 ASSLT-NONAGG-POLICE Violent
## 106 INJURY - ACCIDENTAL Other
## 107 NARC-POSSESS-HALLUCINOGEN Self-Inflicted
## 108 NARC-POSSESS-METH Self-Inflicted
## 109 WARRARR-FELONY Other
## 110 ROBBERY-STREET-GUN Theft/Fraud
## 111 NARC-FOUND-MARIJU Self-Inflicted
## 112 ROBBERY-RESIDENCE-BODYFORCE Theft/Fraud
## 113 NARC-POSSESS-COCAINE Self-Inflicted
## 114 INJURY - OTHER Other
## 115 BURGLARY-SECURE PARKING-NONRES Theft/Fraud
## 116 NARC-EQUIPMENT/PARAPHENALIA Self-Inflicted
## 117 WEAPON-POSSESSION Violent
## 118 NARC-POSSESS-AMPHETAMINE Self-Inflicted
## 119 THEFT-PRSNATCH Theft/Fraud
## 120 NARC-POSSESS-HEROIN Self-Inflicted
## 121 FALSE REPORT Other
## 122 ROBBERY-STREET-WEAPON Theft/Fraud
## 123 WARRANT-FUGITIVE Other
## 124 ELUDING-FELONY FLIGHT Other
## 125 ASSLT-AGG-GUN Violent
## 126 WEAPON-DISCHARGE Violent
## 127 NARC-SELL-COCAINE Self-Inflicted
## 128 ANIMAL-OTH Other
## 129 NARC-FOUND-AMPHETAMINE Self-Inflicted
## 130 FRAUD-COMPUTER Theft/Fraud
## 131 NARC-FOUND-HEROIN Self-Inflicted
## 132 ANIMAL-BITE Other
## 133 ANIMAL-CRUELTY Other
## 134 ENDANGERMENT Other
## 135 PORNOGRAPHY-OBSCENE MATERIAL Self-Inflicted
## 136 NARC-POSSESS-OTHER Self-Inflicted
## 137 NARC-SELL-METH Self-Inflicted
## 138 THEFT-COINOP Theft/Fraud
## 139 DUI-LIQUOR Self-Inflicted
## 140 ROBBERY-BUSINESS-GUN Theft/Fraud
## 141 NARC-FOUND-SYNTHETIC Self-Inflicted
## 142 NARC-POSSESS-MARIJU Self-Inflicted
## 143 FORGERY-OTH Theft/Fraud
## 144 NARC-FOUND-COCAINE Self-Inflicted
## 145 PROSTITUTION Self-Inflicted
## 146 ASSLT-AGG-POLICE-WEAPON Violent
## 147 MALICIOUS HARASSMENT Other
## 148 DUI-DRUGS Self-Inflicted
## 149 WEAPON-UNLAWFUL USE Violent
## 150 ROBBERY-RESIDENCE-WEAPON Theft/Fraud
## 151 FIREWORK-USE Other
## 152 PROSTITUTION PATRONIZING Self-Inflicted
## 153 PROSTITUTION LOITERING Self-Inflicted
## 154 HOMICIDE-JUST-GUN Violent
## 155 ROBBERY-BANK-GUN Theft/Fraud
## 156 NARC-FORGERY-PRESCRIPTION Self-Inflicted
## 157 [INC - CASE DC USE ONLY] Other
## 158 WEAPON-CONCEALED Violent
## 159 NARC-SELL-AMPHETAMINE Theft/Fraud
## 160 ROBBERY-RESIDENCE-GUN Theft/Fraud
## 161 URINATING/DEFECATING-IN PUBLIC Other
## 162 VEH-THEFT-OTHVEH Theft/Fraud
## 163 ROBBERY-BANK-BODYFORCE Theft/Fraud
## 164 NARC-DRUG TRAFFIC LOITERING Self-Inflicted
## 165 NARC-FOUND-OPIUM Self-Inflicted
## 166 ASSLT-AGG-POLICE-BODYFORCE Violent
## 167 NARC-POSSESS-PILL/TABLET Self-Inflicted
## 168 PROPERTY STOLEN-SELL Theft/Fraud
## 169 FIREWORK-POSSESS Other
## 170 WEAPON-SURRENDER-EXCLUDING FIR Violent
## 171 DISORDERLY CONDUCT Other
## 172 NARC-FOUND-METH Self-Inflicted
## 173 NARC-FRAUD-PRESCRIPTION Self-Inflicted
## 174 NARC-SMUGGLE-OTHER Self-Inflicted
## 175 ESCAPE Other
## 176 NARC-SELL-SYNTHETIC Self-Inflicted
## 177 FORGERY-CREDIT CARD Theft/Fraud
## 178 NARC-SELL-MARIJU Self-Inflicted
## 179 HOMICIDE-PREMEDITATED-GUN Violent
## 180 NARC-PRODUCE-MARIJU Self-Inflicted
## 181 WEAPON-SELLING Violent