1.1

1.Statistics is the science of collecting,organizing, summerizing and analyzing information to draw conclusion or answer questions. It is also aboout providing a measure of confidence in any conclusions.

3.Individual.

5.Statistic; Parameter

7.Parameter

9.Statistic

11.Statistic

13.Statistic

15.Qualitative

17.Quantitative

19.Quantitative

21.Qualitative

23.Discrete Variable

25.Continuous Variable

27.Continuous Variable

29.Discrete Variable

39.Population:Teenagers who are 13-17 years of age who live in the United States Sample: 1028 teenagers of 13-17 years of age who live in the United States.

40.Population: Entire bottles of coca-cola randomly selected by manager Sample: 50 bottles of coca-cola that were chosen

  1. Population: Entire weight of farmer’s soybean crop. Smaple: 100 randomly selected plants.

42.Population: the amount of huoseholds that U.S. Census chose for survey. Sample: 50,000 households that were chose.

43.Population: women 27-44 years of age associated with hypertension Sample: 7373 of women 27-44 years of age assiciated with hypertension.

1.2

9.Observational Study

10.Designed Experiment

11.Designed Experiment

12.Observational Study

13.Observational Study

14.Observational Study

15.Designed Experiment

16.Observational Study

17 a) Cohort study. Because this experiment spent 10 yers which was such a long time.

  1. Response Variable: Whether the individual will have heart disease or not. Explanatory Variable: Whether the individual is happy or not.

c)Sometimes when we do researches, we will ignore some potential element that in a way affects the reseult of the experiment. And it is called the Lurking Variable.

20

a)Because what researchers did was only to observe the changes happened on these 8000 men and women and reserchers didn’t attempt to influence the outcome. Cohort Study

  1. Response Variable: whether the men and women who married gained more weights than sigle man and woman. Explanatory variable: whether the men and women are married or not

  2. Potential lurking Variable: 1) Different Eating habits 2)Different stress level 3)Different sleeping habits

  3. I believe that we can’t be so sure about the experiment. Getting married or cohabiting causes is a significant element that leads to weight gainning but there are fews potential lurking variables that influences the outcome of the experiment and affects different kinds of people in a different way. That is why we can not conclude that getting married or cohabiting causes one to gain weight.