Há 36 sujeitos em cada grupo. There are 36 subjects in each group.
Sabe-se pela tabela 4 que, respectivamente nenhum paciente apresentou náusea no grupo unilateral e oito pacientes apresentaram no grupo Bilateral.
We know from table 4 that that, respectively no patient suffered nausea from the unilateral group and that 8 suffered nausea in bilateral group.
# A tabela deve parecer com essa:
# The table should look like this:
matrix(c(0,8,36,36-8),nrow=2)
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 0 36
## [2,] 8 28
A presença de células com valor menor que 5 indica que o teste do qui-quadrado apresentará viés importante logo o teste exato de Fisher é melhor.
Cells with values less than 5 indicate that Fisher’s Exact test will be less biased than Chi-squared test.
fisher.test(matrix(c(0,8,36,28),nrow=2))
##
## Fisher's Exact Test for Count Data
##
## data: matrix(c(0, 8, 36, 28), nrow = 2)
## p-value = 0.005056
## alternative hypothesis: true odds ratio is not equal to 1
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.0000 0.5098
## sample estimates:
## odds ratio
## 0
Sabe-se pela tabela 4 que, respectivamente 2 pacientes apresentaram cefaleia no grupo unilateral e oito pacientes apresentaram no grupo Bilateral.
We know from table 4 that that, respectively two patients suffered headaches from the unilateral group and that 8 suffered headaches in bilateral group.
# A tabela deve parecer com essa:
# The table should look like this:
matrix(c(2,8,34,28),nrow=2)
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 2 34
## [2,] 8 28
Portanto (therefore):
fisher.test(matrix(c(2,8,34,28),nrow=2))
##
## Fisher's Exact Test for Count Data
##
## data: matrix(c(2, 8, 34, 28), nrow = 2)
## p-value = 0.0847
## alternative hypothesis: true odds ratio is not equal to 1
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.02018 1.17138
## sample estimates:
## odds ratio
## 0.2101
Sabe-se pela tabela 4 que, respectivamente nenhum paciente apresentou hipotensão no grupo unilateral e 6 pacientes apresentaram no grupo Bilateral.
We know from table 4 that that, respectively no patient suffered hypotension from the unilateral group and that 6 suffered hypotension in bilateral group.
# A tabela deve parecer com essa:
# The table should look like this:
matrix(c(0,6,36,36-6),nrow=2)
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 0 36
## [2,] 6 30
Portanto (therefore):
fisher.test(matrix(c(0,6,36,36-6),nrow=2))
##
## Fisher's Exact Test for Count Data
##
## data: matrix(c(0, 6, 36, 36 - 6), nrow = 2)
## p-value = 0.02493
## alternative hypothesis: true odds ratio is not equal to 1
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.0000 0.7819
## sample estimates:
## odds ratio
## 0
Sabe-se pela tabela 4 que, respectivamente nenhum paciente apresentou bradicardia no grupo unilateral e 5 pacientes apresentaram no grupo Bilateral.
We know from table 4 that that, respectively no patient suffered bradicardia from the unilateral group and that 5 suffered bradicardia in bilateral group.
# A tabela deve parecer com essa:
# The table should look like this:
matrix(c(0,5,36,36-5),nrow=2)
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 0 36
## [2,] 5 31
Portanto (therefore):
fisher.test(matrix(c(0,5,36,36-5),nrow=2))
##
## Fisher's Exact Test for Count Data
##
## data: matrix(c(0, 5, 36, 36 - 5), nrow = 2)
## p-value = 0.05389
## alternative hypothesis: true odds ratio is not equal to 1
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.00 1.03
## sample estimates:
## odds ratio
## 0