Note: these tables only show numbers for those who in the questionnaire has noted that they work in a specific beat (C6, alternative 2), and this beat is Culture (C7, alt. 7). Note that e.g. Entertainment is not included.
The relevant questions:
C6 Do you usually work on or supervise a specific beat or subject area (such as politics, economy or sports), or do you usually work on or supervise various types of stories? 1 Work on a specific beat 2 Work on various topic and subjects GO TO O3/C8 777 Don’t know 999 Refused
ASK ONLY IF C6 = 1: C7 Which beat or area do you primarily supervise or work on? (Do not read categories!) 1 News/current affairs 2 Politics 3 Foreign politics 4 Domestic politics 5 Economy 6 Crime & law 7 Culture 8 Sports 9 Health 10 Entertainment 11 Other, record verbatim: . 777 Don’t know 999 Refused
For the full questionnaire, see: http://www.worldsofjournalism.org/fileadmin/user_upload/WJS_core_questionnaire_2.5.1_consolidated.pdf
# Importing the SPSS dataset to R and making a R dataframe
##These libraries need to be installed, write install("foreign", "FactoMineR"... etc) if needed
library(foreign)
library(FactoMineR)
#library(Rcmdr)
library(RcmdrMisc)## Loading required package: car## Loading required package: sandwichsetwd("/Users/janfredrikhovden/Dropbox/DBXPAGAANDEARBEID/Statistikk/Rworkdir/WJS")
wjsn<-read.spss("WJS250516.sav", to.data.frame=TRUE)## Warning in read.spss("WJS250516.sav", to.data.frame = TRUE): WJS250516.sav:
## Unrecognized record type 7, subtype 14 encountered in system file## Warning in read.spss("WJS250516.sav", to.data.frame = TRUE): WJS250516.sav:
## Unrecognized record type 7, subtype 17 encountered in system file## Warning in read.spss("WJS250516.sav", to.data.frame = TRUE): WJS250516.sav:
## Unrecognized record type 7, subtype 18 encountered in system file## Warning in read.spss("WJS250516.sav", to.data.frame = TRUE): WJS250516.sav:
## Unrecognized record type 7, subtype 21 encountered in system file## Warning in read.spss("WJS250516.sav", to.data.frame = TRUE): WJS250516.sav:
## Unrecognized record type 7, subtype 22 encountered in system file## Warning in read.spss("WJS250516.sav", to.data.frame = TRUE): WJS250516.sav:
## Unrecognized record type 7, subtype 24 encountered in system file## Warning in `levels<-`(`*tmp*`, value = if (nl == nL) as.character(labels)
## else paste0(labels, : duplicated levels in factors are deprecated# Recoding
## Making a simplified country variable only including the Nordic data
wjsn <- within(wjsn, {nordic <- Recode(COUNTRY, '"Norway"="NOR"; "Sweden"="SWE"; "Denmark"="DEN"; "Finland"="FIN"; "Iceland"="ICE"; else=NA; ; ;', as.factor.result=TRUE)})
## Drop all who are not Nordic journalists
wjsn<-dplyr::filter(wjsn,!is.na(nordic))
## Make a new variable for cultural journalists
wjsn <- within(wjsn, {cultjou<- Recode(C7, '"Culture"="CULTURE JOURNALISTS"; else="NOT CULT. JOURN"; ; ;', as.factor.result=TRUE)})
# Distribution of main variables in dataset, by country
#Which of the following categories best describes your current position in your newsroom?#
colPercents(xtabs(~C1+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C1 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Editor in chief 5.6 4.5
## Managing editor 0.6 2.6
## Desk head or assignment editor 2.8 7.0
## Department head 5.6 4.0
## Senior editor 2.8 4.0
## Producer 1.1 1.4
## Reporter 64.8 54.4
## News writer 3.4 6.8
## Trainee 0.6 0.4
## Other 12.8 15.0
## Total 100.1 100.1
## Count 179.0 3006.0#Which of the following categories best describes your current employment: full-time, part-time, freelancer, or other?#
colPercents(xtabs(~C2+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C2 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Full-time employment 64.2 74.5
## Part-time employment 6.2 5.3
## Freelancer 26.1 17.8
## Other 3.4 2.4
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 176.0 2971.0#For how many newsrooms do you work at present? Different news outlets produced by the same newsroom count as one.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C3+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C3 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## 0 0.0 0.3
## 1 69.5 73.7
## 2 10.5 8.4
## 3 10.5 6.3
## 4 2.1 2.8
## 5 3.2 3.4
## 6 1.1 0.8
## 7 2.1 1.0
## 8 0.0 0.8
## 9 1.1 0.1
## 10 0.0 1.7
## 12 0.0 0.1
## 13 0.0 0.1
## 15 0.0 0.2
## 20 0.0 0.1
## 25 0.0 0.1
## 40 0.0 0.1
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 95.0 1336.0#Besides working as a journalist, do you engage in any other paid activities?#
colPercents(xtabs(~C4+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C4 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 28.1 17.5
## No 71.9 82.5
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 178.0 2969.0#Do you belong to any organizations or associations that are primarily for people in journalism or the communications field??#
colPercents(xtabs(~C5+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C5 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 93.8 92.1
## No 6.2 7.9
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 178.0 2980.0#Do you usually work on or supervise a specific beat or subject area (such as politics, economy or sports), or do you usually work on or supervise various types of stories?#
colPercents(xtabs(~C6+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C6 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Work on a specific beat 100 42.2
## Work on various topic and subjects 0 57.8
## Total 100 100.0
## Count 182 3055.0#Which beat or area do you primarily supervise or work on? #
colPercents(xtabs(~C7+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C7 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## News/current affairs 0 5.8
## Politics 0 8.0
## Foreign politics 0 7.0
## Domestic politics 0 15.5
## Economy 0 10.6
## Crime & law 0 3.3
## Culture 100 0.0
## Sports 0 10.3
## Health 0 6.2
## Entertainment 0 3.6
## Other 0 29.8
## Total 100 100.1
## Count 182 1198.0#Thinking of your work overall, how much freedom do you personally have in selecting news stories you work on? #
colPercents(xtabs(~C9+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C9 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## no freedom at all 0.0 1.6
## little freedom 1.1 5.8
## some freedom 24.6 21.3
## a great deal of freedom 55.3 53.2
## complete freedom 19.0 18.1
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 179.0 3005.0#How much freedom do you personally have in deciding which aspects of a story should be emphasized? #
colPercents(xtabs(~C10+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C10 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## no freedom at all 0.0 0.9
## little freedom 2.8 3.5
## some freedom 14.0 17.4
## a great deal of freedom 55.1 55.8
## complete freedom 28.1 22.4
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 178.0 2977.0#How often do you participate in editorial and newsroom coordination, such as attending editorial meetings or assigning reporters? #
colPercents(xtabs(~C11+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C11 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## almost never 13.9 11.1
## rarely 10.4 9.5
## sometimes 15.7 14.2
## very often 37.4 32.9
## always 22.6 32.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 115.0 1722.0#Please tell me how important each of these things is in your work.#
#Be a detached observer.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12A+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12A CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 3.5 2.5
## little important 7.6 6.8
## somewhat important 21.6 18.0
## very important 40.9 34.3
## extremely important 26.3 38.4
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 171.0 2916.0#Report things as they are.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12B+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12B CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 2.3 0.8
## little important 2.9 0.7
## somewhat important 9.4 6.4
## very important 39.2 31.0
## extremely important 46.2 61.2
## Total 100.0 100.1
## Count 171.0 2939.0#Provide analysis of current affairs.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12C+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12C CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 2.3 2.4
## little important 5.3 6.7
## somewhat important 22.8 19.0
## very important 38.6 39.4
## extremely important 31.0 32.4
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 171.0 2919.0#Monitor and scrutinize political leaders.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12D+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12D CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 12.1 5.6
## little important 18.8 7.6
## somewhat important 24.2 16.0
## very important 23.0 32.6
## extremely important 21.8 38.1
## Total 99.9 99.9
## Count 165.0 2911.0#Monitor and scrutinize business.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12E+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12E CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 10.4 5.5
## little important 23.9 9.0
## somewhat important 20.9 20.1
## very important 23.3 34.6
## extremely important 21.5 30.8
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 163.0 2909.0#Set the political agenda.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12F+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12F CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 20.5 18.2
## little important 28.0 25.4
## somewhat important 32.3 30.1
## very important 15.5 19.8
## extremely important 3.7 6.6
## Total 100.0 100.1
## Count 161.0 2860.0#Influence public opinion.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12G+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12G CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 16.5 18.5
## little important 24.4 26.9
## somewhat important 31.7 29.8
## very important 20.7 18.6
## extremely important 6.7 6.2
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 164.0 2860.0#Advocate for social change.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12H+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12H CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 17.2 16.2
## little important 25.8 25.2
## somewhat important 29.4 29.1
## very important 20.9 21.4
## extremely important 6.7 8.2
## Total 100.0 100.1
## Count 163.0 2857.0#Be an adversary of the government.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12J+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12J CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 21.7 21.3
## little important 22.4 21.1
## somewhat important 29.2 24.9
## very important 17.4 20.4
## extremely important 9.3 12.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 161.0 2851.0#Support national development.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12K+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12K CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 26.4 21.0
## little important 24.5 25.9
## somewhat important 30.8 28.7
## very important 13.2 18.2
## extremely important 5.0 6.1
## Total 99.9 99.9
## Count 159.0 2818.0#Convey a positive image of political leadership.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12L+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12L CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 72.7 75.1
## little important 23.0 19.5
## somewhat important 3.7 4.3
## very important 0.6 0.8
## extremely important 0.0 0.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 161.0 2881.0#Support government policy.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12M+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12M CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 84.6 87.3
## little important 15.4 11.1
## somewhat important 0.0 1.4
## very important 0.0 0.2
## extremely important 0.0 0.0
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 162.0 2879.0#Provide entertainment and relaxation.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12O+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12O CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 14.1 16.3
## little important 29.4 33.0
## somewhat important 35.0 32.0
## very important 17.8 14.2
## extremely important 3.7 4.5
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 163.0 2839.0#Provide the kind of news that attracts the largest audience.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12P+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12P CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 30.0 19.3
## little important 30.6 31.6
## somewhat important 31.2 31.2
## very important 5.3 13.3
## extremely important 2.9 4.5
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 170.0 2914.0#Provide advice, orientation and direction for daily life.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12R+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12R CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 12.4 8.8
## little important 25.3 23.5
## somewhat important 31.8 37.6
## very important 26.5 23.0
## extremely important 4.1 7.1
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 170.0 2913.0#Provide information people need to make political decisions.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12S+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12S CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 15.9 6.0
## little important 10.0 5.0
## somewhat important 18.8 14.8
## very important 20.0 32.8
## extremely important 35.3 41.4
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 170.0 2911.0#Motivate people to participate in political activity.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12T+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12T CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 18.7 16.7
## little important 25.9 23.5
## somewhat important 27.7 29.5
## very important 21.1 22.2
## extremely important 6.6 8.1
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 166.0 2891.0#Let people express their views.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C12U+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C12U CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## unimportant 5.4 3.7
## little important 10.7 7.9
## somewhat important 28.6 24.6
## very important 38.1 35.7
## extremely important 17.3 28.1
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 168.0 2927.0#The following statements describe different approaches to journalism. For each of them, please tell me how strongly you agree or disagree.#
#Journalists should always adhere to codes of professional ethics, regardless of situation and context.#
colPercents(xtabs(~C13A+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C13A CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## strongly disagree 0.6 1.9
## somewhat disagree 4.0 5.3
## undecided 4.6 5.5
## somewhat agree 32.6 33.0
## strongly agree 58.3 54.3
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 175.0 2954.0#What is ethical inn journalism depends on the specific situation#
colPercents(xtabs(~C13B+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C13B CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## strongly disagree 20.3 16.5
## somewhat disagree 29.7 24.0
## undecided 11.0 10.8
## somewhat agree 29.7 36.8
## strongly agree 9.3 11.8
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 172.0 2933.0#What is ethical in journalism is a matter of personal judgment#
colPercents(xtabs(~C13C+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C13C CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## strongly disagree 24.7 23.1
## somewhat disagree 31.6 30.9
## undecided 12.1 11.5
## somewhat agree 27.0 29.0
## strongly agree 4.6 5.4
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 174.0 2940.0#Given an important story, which of the following, if any, do you think may be justified on occasion and which would you not approve of under any circumstances?#
#Paying people for confidential information#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14A+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14A CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 1.9 0.7
## justified on occasion 27.5 29.7
## not approve under any circumstances 70.6 69.5
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 160.0 2807.0#Using confidential business or government documents without authorization#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14B+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14B CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 5.9 10.5
## justified on occasion 82.8 80.3
## not approve under any circumstances 11.2 9.3
## Total 99.9 100.1
## Count 169.0 2874.0#Claiming to be somebody else#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14C+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14C CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 0.0 1.4
## justified on occasion 69.9 68.7
## not approve under any circumstances 30.1 29.9
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 163.0 2882.0#Exerting pressure on unwilling informants to get a story#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14D+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14D CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 2.5 5.4
## justified on occasion 59.3 58.9
## not approve under any circumstances 38.3 35.8
## Total 100.1 100.1
## Count 162.0 2824.0#Making use of personal documents such as letters and pictures without permission#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14E+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14E CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 0.7 0.7
## justified on occasion 37.3 49.1
## not approve under any circumstances 61.9 50.2
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 134.0 2299.0#Getting employed in a firm or organization to gain inside information#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14F+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14F CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 5.0 5.3
## justified on occasion 78.9 73.4
## not approve under any circumstances 16.1 21.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 161.0 2813.0#Using hidden microphones or cameras#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14G+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14G CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 0.6 2.8
## justified on occasion 87.0 88.9
## not approve under any circumstances 12.4 8.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 169.0 2895.0#Using re-creations or dramatizations of news by actors#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14H+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14H CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 7.8 6.0
## justified on occasion 66.7 64.6
## not approve under any circumstances 25.5 29.4
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 153.0 2678.0#Publishing stories with unverified content#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14J+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14J CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 0.6 0.9
## justified on occasion 31.7 38.8
## not approve under any circumstances 67.7 60.4
## Total 100.0 100.1
## Count 164.0 2868.0#Accepting money from sources#
colPercents(xtabs(~C14K+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C14K CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## always justified 1.2 0.4
## justified on occasion 1.8 1.2
## not approve under any circumstances 97.1 98.4
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 170.0 2908.0#Here is a list of potential sources of influence. Please tell me how much influence each of the following has on your work#
#Your personal values and beliefs#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15A+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15A CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not relevant 0.6 1.4
## not influential 0.6 3.3
## little influential 9.1 13.2
## somewhat influential 31.4 35.8
## very influential 38.9 31.7
## extremely influential 19.4 14.6
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 175.0 2951.0#Your peers on the staff#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15B+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15B CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not relevant 5.7 4.6
## not influential 5.2 4.6
## little influential 19.5 17.5
## somewhat influential 40.2 42.0
## very influential 23.0 25.2
## extremely influential 6.3 6.1
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 174.0 2933.0#Your editorial supervisors and higher editors#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15C+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15C CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 2.4 2.7
## little influential 16.5 12.0
## somewhat influential 42.7 36.1
## very influential 31.1 38.0
## extremely influential 7.3 11.2
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 164.0 2784.0#The managers of your news organization#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15D+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15D CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 30.2 23.4
## little influential 35.2 33.9
## somewhat influential 20.8 23.7
## very influential 9.4 13.4
## extremely influential 4.4 5.4
## Total 100.0 99.8
## Count 159.0 2738.0#The owners of your news organization#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15E+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15E CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 48.3 47.2
## little influential 30.5 28.2
## somewhat influential 12.6 13.5
## very influential 5.3 7.4
## extremely influential 3.3 3.6
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 151.0 2606.0#Editorial policy#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15F+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15F CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 2.4 3.5
## little influential 19.4 10.4
## somewhat influential 24.1 29.8
## very influential 38.2 40.3
## extremely influential 15.9 16.0
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 170.0 2843.0#Advertising considerations#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15G+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15G CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 64.7 58.9
## little influential 19.3 23.7
## somewhat influential 10.7 11.9
## very influential 4.7 3.8
## extremely influential 0.7 1.7
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 150.0 2531.0#Profit expectations#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15H+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15H CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 47.8 40.5
## little influential 22.3 23.2
## somewhat influential 21.0 20.8
## very influential 5.7 9.9
## extremely influential 3.2 5.7
## Total 100.0 100.1
## Count 157.0 2566.0#Audience research and data#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15J+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15J CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 23.4 16.6
## little influential 29.9 28.3
## somewhat influential 36.5 35.8
## very influential 7.2 15.1
## extremely influential 3.0 4.2
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 167.0 2749.0#Availability of news-gathering resources#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15K+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15K CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 5.8 4.4
## little influential 15.6 10.5
## somewhat influential 39.0 31.1
## very influential 26.0 35.2
## extremely influential 13.6 18.8
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 154.0 2752.0#Time limits#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15L+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15L CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 2.9 2.1
## little influential 5.2 8.6
## somewhat influential 36.4 27.2
## very influential 34.1 36.9
## extremely influential 21.4 25.2
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 173.0 2911.0#Journalism ethics#
colPercents(xtabs(~C15M+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C15M CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 2.3 0.9
## little influential 6.9 6.1
## somewhat influential 21.4 19.2
## very influential 37.0 44.4
## extremely influential 32.4 29.4
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 173.0 2892.0#Here is another list. Again, please tell me on a scale of 5 to 1 how influential each of the following is in your work.#
#Your friends, acquaintances and family#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16A+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16A CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 24.3 25.8
## little influential 40.8 44.4
## somewhat influential 28.4 22.5
## very influential 5.3 6.3
## extremely influential 1.2 1.0
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 169.0 2842.0#Colleagues in other media#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16B+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16B CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 21.9 26.8
## little influential 41.4 44.1
## somewhat influential 30.2 23.7
## very influential 5.9 4.9
## extremely influential 0.6 0.4
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 169.0 2850.0#Feedback from the audience#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16C+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16C CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 5.8 8.2
## little influential 36.6 30.6
## somewhat influential 41.9 42.7
## very influential 14.0 15.2
## extremely influential 1.7 3.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 172.0 2877.0#Competing news organizations#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16D+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16D CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 16.7 12.1
## little influential 42.9 29.5
## somewhat influential 31.5 40.9
## very influential 8.9 15.1
## extremely influential 0.0 2.4
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 168.0 2844.0#Media laws and regulation#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16E+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16E CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 10.2 9.0
## little influential 22.9 21.5
## somewhat influential 27.1 27.8
## very influential 27.7 29.1
## extremely influential 12.0 12.6
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 166.0 2829.0#Information access#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16F+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16F CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 12.1 7.5
## little influential 18.2 13.0
## somewhat influential 26.1 30.2
## very influential 35.8 36.8
## extremely influential 7.9 12.4
## Total 100.1 99.9
## Count 165.0 2807.0#Censorship#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16G+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16G CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 73.0 69.4
## little influential 22.6 23.0
## somewhat influential 3.1 5.4
## very influential 0.6 1.6
## extremely influential 0.6 0.6
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 159.0 2740.0#Government officials#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16H+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16H CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 59.4 46.6
## little influential 32.7 32.4
## somewhat influential 6.7 14.8
## very influential 1.2 5.0
## extremely influential 0.0 1.2
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 165.0 2784.0#Politicians#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16J+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16J CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 52.1 40.5
## little influential 31.3 34.1
## somewhat influential 13.5 18.4
## very influential 2.5 5.8
## extremely influential 0.6 1.3
## Total 100.0 100.1
## Count 163.0 2795.0#Pressure groups#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16K+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16K CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 48.2 37.4
## little influential 36.9 38.9
## somewhat influential 11.9 18.0
## very influential 3.0 4.5
## extremely influential 0.0 1.2
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 168.0 2812.0#Business people#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16L+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16L CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 61.0 44.4
## little influential 29.9 36.9
## somewhat influential 6.7 14.1
## very influential 2.4 3.7
## extremely influential 0.0 0.9
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 164.0 2799.0#Public relations#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16M+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16M CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 26.9 29.8
## little influential 43.7 44.2
## somewhat influential 24.6 20.1
## very influential 3.0 4.5
## extremely influential 1.8 1.4
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 167.0 2814.0#Relationships with news sources#
colPercents(xtabs(~C16N+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C16N CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## not influential 13.7 9.1
## little influential 27.4 21.3
## somewhat influential 34.5 34.9
## very influential 19.0 25.0
## extremely influential 5.4 9.7
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 168.0 2833.0#How many years have you been working in journalism? #
colPercents(xtabs(~C17+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C17 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## 0 0.7 0.3
## 1 3.5 1.9
## 2 2.1 3.3
## 3 0.7 4.6
## 4 2.1 2.9
## 5 5.0 3.8
## 6 7.1 4.0
## 7 2.8 3.9
## 8 3.5 3.4
## 9 0.7 2.3
## 10 3.5 6.0
## 11 2.8 2.3
## 12 2.1 3.2
## 13 2.1 2.3
## 14 0.7 1.9
## 15 5.7 5.9
## 16 0.0 2.2
## 17 1.4 1.8
## 18 1.4 2.0
## 19 2.8 1.6
## 20 6.4 4.7
## 21 1.4 1.2
## 22 1.4 1.8
## 23 0.7 2.2
## 24 0.0 1.3
## 25 4.3 5.3
## 26 4.3 1.9
## 27 4.3 1.6
## 28 2.1 1.5
## 29 1.4 1.4
## 30 5.7 4.6
## 31 0.7 1.1
## 32 2.1 1.3
## 33 1.4 1.1
## 34 1.4 0.9
## 35 2.1 2.0
## 36 0.0 0.7
## 37 3.5 0.6
## 38 1.4 0.7
## 39 0.0 0.5
## 40 2.1 1.6
## 41 0.7 0.3
## 42 0.0 0.2
## 43 0.0 0.3
## 44 0.7 0.2
## 45 0.0 0.4
## 46 0.0 0.1
## 47 0.0 0.2
## 48 0.0 0.3
## 49 0.0 0.1
## 50 0.7 0.2
## 51 0.0 0.0
## 53 0.0 0.0
## 54 0.0 0.0
## 55 0.0 0.1
## 57 0.0 0.0
## Total 99.5 100.0
## Count 141.0 2322.0#The importance of some influences on journalism may have changed over time. Please tell me to what extent these influences have become stronger or weaker during the past five years in [add country]#
#Journalism education#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18A+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18A CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 1.2 2.1
## somewhat weakened 18.6 13.6
## did not change 37.2 42.0
## somewhat strengthened 29.1 34.3
## strengthened a lot 14.0 8.0
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 86.0 1280.0#Ethical standards#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18B+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18B CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 3.3 2.7
## somewhat weakened 35.2 23.4
## did not change 37.4 41.2
## somewhat strengthened 20.9 29.6
## strengthened a lot 3.3 3.1
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 91.0 1393.0#Competition#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18C+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18C CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 0.8
## somewhat weakened 2.2 4.1
## did not change 8.6 11.6
## somewhat strengthened 57.0 47.1
## strengthened a lot 32.3 36.4
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 93.0 1417.0#Advertising considerations#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18D+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18D CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 1.2
## somewhat weakened 2.2 3.6
## did not change 21.1 34.4
## somewhat strengthened 46.7 45.4
## strengthened a lot 30.0 15.4
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 90.0 1351.0#Profit making pressures#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18E+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18E CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 0.9
## somewhat weakened 0.0 1.1
## did not change 14.9 19.2
## somewhat strengthened 34.0 41.9
## strengthened a lot 51.1 36.9
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 94.0 1383.0#Public relations#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18F+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18F CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 1.0
## somewhat weakened 5.8 3.8
## did not change 26.7 40.1
## somewhat strengthened 46.5 44.5
## strengthened a lot 20.9 10.7
## Total 99.9 100.1
## Count 86.0 1352.0#Audience research#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18G+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18G CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 1.1 0.6
## somewhat weakened 2.2 2.2
## did not change 25.3 32.5
## somewhat strengthened 56.0 50.6
## strengthened a lot 15.4 14.1
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 91.0 1358.0#User-generated contents, such as blogs#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18H+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18H CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 0.3
## somewhat weakened 2.1 1.4
## did not change 4.3 8.7
## somewhat strengthened 50.0 49.5
## strengthened a lot 43.6 40.1
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 94.0 1401.0#Social media, such as [add 1 or 2 examples]#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18J+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18J CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 0.2
## somewhat weakened 0.0 0.3
## did not change 2.1 3.0
## somewhat strengthened 38.5 34.1
## strengthened a lot 59.4 62.4
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 96.0 1427.0#Audience involvement in news production#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18K+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18K CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 0.5
## somewhat weakened 1.1 1.2
## did not change 23.3 23.5
## somewhat strengthened 51.1 56.3
## strengthened a lot 24.4 18.5
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 90.0 1377.0#Audience feedback#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18L+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18L CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 1.1 0.6
## somewhat weakened 3.3 2.8
## did not change 22.0 31.0
## somewhat strengthened 54.9 53.0
## strengthened a lot 18.7 12.6
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 91.0 1401.0#Pressure toward sensational news#
colPercents(xtabs(~C18M+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C18M CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 0.7
## somewhat weakened 2.2 2.9
## did not change 25.0 36.9
## somewhat strengthened 47.8 40.9
## strengthened a lot 25.0 18.6
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 92.0 1389.0#Journalism is in a state of change. Please tell me whether you think there has been an increase or a decrease in the following aspects of work in [add country]. #
#Journalists’ freedom to make editorial decisions#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19A+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19A CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 3.4 4.8
## somewhat weakened 56.3 32.6
## did not change 32.2 47.5
## somewhat strengthened 8.0 13.8
## strengthened a lot 0.0 1.3
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 87.0 1354.0#Average working hours of journalists#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19B+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19B CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 1.1 1.1
## somewhat weakened 11.2 5.4
## did not change 18.0 34.1
## somewhat strengthened 57.3 48.4
## strengthened a lot 12.4 11.0
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 89.0 1365.0#Time available for researching stories#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19C+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19C CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 36.8 26.9
## somewhat weakened 49.5 53.4
## did not change 9.5 14.7
## somewhat strengthened 3.2 4.5
## strengthened a lot 1.1 0.6
## Total 100.1 100.1
## Count 95.0 1405.0#Interactions of journalists with their audiences#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19D+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19D CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 2.1 2.6
## somewhat weakened 12.6 10.8
## did not change 21.1 23.8
## somewhat strengthened 46.3 48.6
## strengthened a lot 17.9 14.1
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 95.0 1365.0#The importance of technical skills#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19E+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19E CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 1.0 0.4
## somewhat weakened 2.1 0.4
## did not change 6.2 5.6
## somewhat strengthened 42.3 47.1
## strengthened a lot 48.5 46.5
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 97.0 1410.0#The use of search engines#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19F+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19F CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 0.0 0.2
## somewhat weakened 1.0 0.1
## did not change 3.1 5.9
## somewhat strengthened 41.7 39.0
## strengthened a lot 54.2 54.7
## Total 100.0 99.9
## Count 96.0 1412.0#The importance of having a university degree#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19G+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19G CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 3.3 2.8
## somewhat weakened 16.5 7.4
## did not change 36.3 46.8
## somewhat strengthened 30.8 34.2
## strengthened a lot 13.2 8.8
## Total 100.1 100.0
## Count 91.0 1365.0#The importance of having a degree in journalism or a related field#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19H+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19H CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 4.6 2.4
## somewhat weakened 13.8 9.8
## did not change 40.2 45.1
## somewhat strengthened 24.1 33.8
## strengthened a lot 17.2 8.8
## Total 99.9 99.9
## Count 87.0 1360.0#The credibility of journalism#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19J+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19J CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 9.5 5.2
## somewhat weakened 49.5 40.5
## did not change 30.5 38.5
## somewhat strengthened 8.4 13.5
## strengthened a lot 2.1 2.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 95.0 1395.0#The relevance of journalism for society#
colPercents(xtabs(~C19K+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C19K CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## weakened a lot 1.1 2.0
## somewhat weakened 34.7 23.8
## did not change 38.9 41.0
## somewhat strengthened 20.0 27.4
## strengthened a lot 5.3 5.8
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 95.0 1393.0#What is the highest grade of school or level of education you have completed? #
colPercents(xtabs(~C20+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C20 CULTURE JOURNALISTS
## Not completed high school 0.6
## Completed high school 3.5
## College/Bachelor\342\200\231s degree or equivalent 52.9
## Master's degree or equivalent 38.2
## Doctorate 0.6
## some university studies, but no degree 4.1
## Total 99.9
## Count 170.0
## cultjou
## C20 NOT CULT. JOURN
## Not completed high school 0.9
## Completed high school 8.9
## College/Bachelor\342\200\231s degree or equivalent 57.2
## Master's degree or equivalent 23.9
## Doctorate 0.2
## some university studies, but no degree 9.0
## Total 100.1
## Count 2838.0#During your studies, did you specialize in journalism or another communication field?#
colPercents(xtabs(~C21+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C21 CULTURE JOURNALISTS
## Yes, specialized in journalism 52.9
## Yes, specialized in other communication field 12.4
## Yes, specialized both in journalism and another communication field 7.2
## No, did not specialize in these fields 27.5
## Total 100.0
## Count 153.0
## cultjou
## C21 NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes, specialized in journalism 63.8
## Yes, specialized in other communication field 9.6
## Yes, specialized both in journalism and another communication field 4.1
## No, did not specialize in these fields 22.4
## Total 99.9
## Count 2431.0#What is your gender?#
colPercents(xtabs(~C22+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C22 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Female 55.4 45.3
## Male 44.6 54.7
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 168.0 2827.0#In what year were you born?#
colPercents(xtabs(~C23+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## C23 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## 18 0.0 0.0
## 19 0.0 0.0
## 20 0.0 0.1
## 21 0.6 0.2
## 22 0.0 0.2
## 23 0.6 0.1
## 24 0.6 0.4
## 25 0.6 1.0
## 26 0.6 1.4
## 27 0.6 1.3
## 28 0.6 2.0
## 29 0.6 1.9
## 30 1.8 2.5
## 31 2.4 2.3
## 32 1.8 2.2
## 33 1.8 2.3
## 34 1.2 2.0
## 35 1.8 2.3
## 36 2.4 3.1
## 37 1.8 2.8
## 38 3.0 2.9
## 39 4.8 2.5
## 40 2.4 2.4
## 41 3.0 2.7
## 42 1.8 3.6
## 43 2.4 2.4
## 44 2.4 2.7
## 45 2.4 2.1
## 46 3.0 2.0
## 47 3.0 2.2
## 48 1.8 2.1
## 49 3.6 3.0
## 50 5.5 2.9
## 51 2.4 2.1
## 52 4.2 2.6
## 53 7.3 3.2
## 54 1.8 2.8
## 55 0.6 2.8
## 56 2.4 2.7
## 57 3.0 2.1
## 58 1.2 3.5
## 59 2.4 2.7
## 60 0.6 2.0
## 61 4.8 2.2
## 62 1.2 2.2
## 63 1.2 2.0
## 64 1.8 1.7
## 65 1.2 1.2
## 66 1.2 1.1
## 67 0.6 0.7
## 68 0.6 0.5
## 69 0.6 0.2
## 70 0.0 0.1
## 71 0.6 0.1
## 72 0.0 0.1
## 73 0.6 0.1
## 75 0.0 0.1
## 78 0.0 0.0
## 79 0.0 0.0
## Total 99.2 100.4
## Count 165.0 2836.0#Rank of respondent#
colPercents(xtabs(~T5+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T5 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Senior/executive manager 5.2 7.3
## "Junior" manager 14.5 18.4
## Rank-and-file 80.2 74.3
## Total 99.9 100.0
## Count 172.0 2932.0#Type of medium#
colPercents(xtabs(~T7.1+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T7.1 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 51.2 41.7
## No 48.8 58.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 170.0 2872.0colPercents(xtabs(~T7.2+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T7.2 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 2.9 6
## No 97.1 94
## Total 100.0 100
## Count 170.0 2873colPercents(xtabs(~T7.3+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T7.3 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 17.6 20.7
## No 82.4 79.3
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 170.0 2873.0colPercents(xtabs(~T7.4+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T7.4 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 12.9 18.9
## No 87.1 81.1
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 170.0 2873.0colPercents(xtabs(~T7.5+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T7.5 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 21.2 12
## No 78.8 88
## Total 100.0 100
## Count 170.0 2873colPercents(xtabs(~T7.6+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T7.6 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 0.6 1.4
## No 99.4 98.6
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 170.0 2873.0colPercents(xtabs(~T7.7+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T7.7 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 2.9 4.3
## No 97.1 95.7
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 170.0 2873.0colPercents(xtabs(~T7.8+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T7.8 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Yes 1.8 6.1
## No 98.2 93.9
## Total 100.0 100.0
## Count 170.0 2873.0#Reach of medium#
colPercents(xtabs(~T8+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T8 CULTURE JOURNALISTS NOT CULT. JOURN
## Local 9.7 16.8
## Regional 21.8 23.0
## National 66.7 58.8
## Transnational 1.8 1.5
## Total 100.0 100.1
## Count 165.0 2865.0#Ownership of medium#
colPercents(xtabs(~T9+cultjou, data=wjsn))## cultjou
## T9 CULTURE JOURNALISTS
## Purely private ownership 69.1
## Purely public ownership 16.0
## Purely state ownership 4.0
## Mixed ownership but mostly private 8.0
## Mixed ownership but mostly public 2.9
## Mixed ownership but mostly state-owned 0.0
## Total 100.0
## Count 175.0
## cultjou
## T9 NOT CULT. JOURN
## Purely private ownership 68.9
## Purely public ownership 17.7
## Purely state ownership 2.9
## Mixed ownership but mostly private 7.4
## Mixed ownership but mostly public 2.7
## Mixed ownership but mostly state-owned 0.5
## Total 100.1
## Count 2877.0