Dataset Import and summary
getwd()
## [1] "\\\\vrisi01/users$/oadesanya/Documents"
LWData <-read.csv("LWV_Data.csv")
LWData1 <- data.frame(LWData)
LWPop <-LWData1[!is.na(LWData1$control),]
head(LWPop, 20)
## VOTED2014 Young.Hispanic.Status ID.Number Voter.Status Voted.11.2012
## 39 0 non_y_h 5461 A 1
## 51 0 non_y_h 6832 A 0
## 217 0 non_y_non_h 16298 A 0
## 313 1 non_y_h 20802 A 0
## 370 0 non_y_non_h 23641 A 0
## 374 0 non_y_non_h 23821 A 0
## 406 0 non_y_non_h 25164 A 0
## 432 0 non_y_non_h 27016 A 0
## 450 1 non_y_non_h 28260 A 0
## 455 0 non_y_non_h 28523 A 0
## 465 0 non_y_non_h 28929 A 0
## 487 1 non_y_h 31178 A 0
## 531 0 non_y_non_h 34400 A 0
## 539 0 non_y_non_h 35136 A 0
## 546 1 non_y_non_h 36004 A 0
## 605 0 non_y_non_h 40437 A 0
## 615 0 non_y_non_h 40970 A 0
## 779 0 non_y_h 55715 A 1
## 861 0 non_y_non_h 61902 A 0
## 871 0 non_y_non_h 63126 A 0
## Voted.Gen..Elec..09.2010 Voted.Gen..Elec..07.2008
## 39 0 0
## 51 0 0
## 217 0 1
## 313 0 1
## 370 1 0
## 374 0 1
## 406 0 1
## 432 1 0
## 450 0 0
## 455 0 0
## 465 0 0
## 487 0 1
## 531 0 0
## 539 0 1
## 546 0 1
## 605 0 0
## 615 0 0
## 779 0 0
## 861 0 0
## 871 0 0
## Number.General.Elections Hispanic.Surname Young.Voter Eligible.2012
## 39 1 1 0 1
## 51 0 1 0 1
## 217 1 0 0 1
## 313 1 1 0 1
## 370 1 0 0 1
## 374 1 0 0 1
## 406 1 0 0 1
## 432 1 0 0 1
## 450 0 0 0 1
## 455 0 0 0 1
## 465 0 0 0 1
## 487 1 1 0 1
## 531 0 0 0 1
## 539 1 0 0 1
## 546 1 0 0 1
## 605 0 0 0 1
## 615 0 0 0 1
## 779 1 1 0 1
## 861 0 0 0 1
## 871 0 0 0 1
## Eligible.2010 Eligible.2008 Young.in.2012 Young.in.2010 Young.in.2008
## 39 1 1 0 0 0
## 51 1 1 0 0 0
## 217 1 1 0 0 0
## 313 1 1 0 0 0
## 370 1 1 0 0 0
## 374 1 1 0 0 0
## 406 1 1 0 0 0
## 432 1 1 0 0 0
## 450 1 1 0 0 0
## 455 1 1 0 0 0
## 465 1 1 0 0 0
## 487 1 1 0 0 0
## 531 1 1 0 0 0
## 539 1 1 0 0 0
## 546 1 1 0 0 0
## 605 1 1 0 0 0
## 615 1 1 0 0 0
## 779 1 1 0 0 0
## 861 1 1 0 0 0
## 871 1 1 0 0 0
## Voter.Category type ID control post flyer LOWPROP
## 39 Old Hispanic Non_y_h_POST 5461 0 1 0 1
## 51 Old Hispanic Non_y_h_POST 6832 0 1 0 1
## 217 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 16298 0 1 0 1
## 313 Old Hispanic Non_y_h_POST 20802 0 1 0 1
## 370 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 23641 0 1 0 1
## 374 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 23821 0 1 0 1
## 406 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 25164 0 1 0 1
## 432 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 27016 0 1 0 1
## 450 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 28260 0 1 0 1
## 455 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 28523 0 1 0 1
## 465 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 28929 0 1 0 1
## 487 Old Hispanic Non_y_h_POST 31178 0 1 0 1
## 531 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 34400 0 1 0 1
## 539 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 35136 0 1 0 1
## 546 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 36004 0 1 0 1
## 605 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 40437 0 1 0 1
## 615 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 40970 0 1 0 1
## 779 Old Hispanic Non_y_h_POST 55715 0 1 0 1
## 861 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 61902 0 1 0 1
## 871 Old Not Hispanic Non_y_non_h_POST 63126 0 1 0 1
## city zip U_S__CONGRESS byear
## 39 CARROLLTON 75007 24 1937
## 51 CARROLLTON 75006 24 1911
## 217 GARLAND 75042 32 1922
## 313 GARLAND 75040 32 1938
## 370 GARLAND 75041 32 1911
## 374 GARLAND 75041 32 1927
## 406 GARLAND 75043 32 1926
## 432 GARLAND 75040 32 1928
## 450 GARLAND 75040 32 1944
## 455 GARLAND 75040 32 1931
## 465 GARLAND 75044 32 1941
## 487 GARLAND 75041 32 1911
## 531 GARLAND 75041 32 1911
## 539 RICHARDSON 75081 32 1936
## 546 MESQUITE 75149 5 1939
## 605 GARLAND 75043 32 1938
## 615 GARLAND 75043 32 1911
## 779 GRAND PRAIRIE 75050 33 1944
## 861 GRAND PRAIRIE 75051 33 1954
## 871 GRAND PRAIRIE 75051 33 1909
summary(LWPop)
## VOTED2014 Young.Hispanic.Status ID.Number Voter.Status
## Min. :0.0000 non_y_h :6416 Min. : 5461 A:24000
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 non_y_non_h:6499 1st Qu.:3410570
## Median :0.0000 y_h :5584 Median :3870405
## Mean :0.1238 y_non_h :5501 Mean :3604325
## 3rd Qu.:0.0000 3rd Qu.:4067789
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :4216505
##
## Voted.11.2012 Voted.Gen..Elec..09.2010 Voted.Gen..Elec..07.2008
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.000000 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.000000 1st Qu.:0.0000
## Median :0.0000 Median :0.000000 Median :0.0000
## Mean :0.2317 Mean :0.009583 Mean :0.1155
## 3rd Qu.:0.0000 3rd Qu.:0.000000 3rd Qu.:0.0000
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.000000 Max. :1.0000
##
## Number.General.Elections Hispanic.Surname Young.Voter
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.0 1st Qu.:0.0000
## Median :0.0000 Median :0.5 Median :0.0000
## Mean :0.3568 Mean :0.5 Mean :0.4619
## 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.0 3rd Qu.:1.0000
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0 Max. :1.0000
##
## Eligible.2012 Eligible.2010 Eligible.2008 Young.in.2012
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.00
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.00
## Median :1.0000 Median :1.0000 Median :0.0000 Median :1.00
## Mean :0.7338 Mean :0.5009 Mean :0.4216 Mean :0.54
## 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.00
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.00
##
## Young.in.2010 Young.in.2008 Voter.Category
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Old Hispanic :6416
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.0000 Old Not Hispanic :6499
## Median :1.0000 Median :1.0000 Young Hispanic :5584
## Mean :0.5756 Mean :0.6071 Young Not Hispanic:5501
## 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.0000
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0000
##
## type ID control
## Non_y_h_CONTROL : 2000 Min. : 5461 Min. :0.0000
## Non_y_h_FLYER : 2000 1st Qu.:3410570 1st Qu.:0.0000
## Non_y_h_POST : 2000 Median :3870405 Median :0.0000
## Non_y_non_h_CONTROL: 2000 Mean :3604325 Mean :0.3333
## Non_y_non_h_FLYER : 2000 3rd Qu.:4067789 3rd Qu.:1.0000
## Non_y_non_h_POST : 2000 Max. :4216505 Max. :1.0000
## (Other) :12000
## post flyer LOWPROP city
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. :1 DALLAS :12271
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:1 GARLAND : 2190
## Median :0.0000 Median :0.0000 Median :1 IRVING : 1907
## Mean :0.3333 Mean :0.3333 Mean :1 MESQUITE : 1381
## 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1 GRAND PRAIRIE: 1333
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0000 Max. :1 RICHARDSON : 657
## (Other) : 4261
## zip U_S__CONGRESS byear
## Min. :75001 Min. : 5.00 Min. :1908
## 1st Qu.:75062 1st Qu.:30.00 1st Qu.:1967
## Median :75204 Median :30.00 Median :1984
## Mean :75155 Mean :27.21 Mean :1977
## 3rd Qu.:75223 3rd Qu.:32.00 3rd Qu.:1990
## Max. :75254 Max. :33.00 Max. :1996
##
The first 100 rows from the population shows that majority of the voters are old and non hispanic people. The popluation does not reflect sample representation of young and hispanc voters
Descriptive statistics
library(pastecs) #descriptive statistics package
## Warning: package 'pastecs' was built under R version 3.3.1
## Loading required package: boot
options(scipen = 100) #change format display for descriptive statistics
options (digits = 2) #change format display for descriptive statistics
stat.desc(LWPop, basic = F) #Basic Descriptive statistics of the population
## VOTED2014 Young.Hispanic.Status ID.Number Voter.Status
## median 0.0000 NA 3870405.0 NA
## mean 0.1238 NA 3604325.4 NA
## SE.mean 0.0021 NA 4603.4 NA
## CI.mean.0.95 0.0042 NA 9023.0 NA
## var 0.1085 NA 508600932920.5 NA
## std.dev 0.3294 NA 713162.6 NA
## coef.var 2.6600 NA 0.2 NA
## Voted.11.2012 Voted.Gen..Elec..09.2010
## median 0.0000 0.00000
## mean 0.2317 0.00958
## SE.mean 0.0027 0.00063
## CI.mean.0.95 0.0053 0.00123
## var 0.1780 0.00949
## std.dev 0.4219 0.09743
## coef.var 1.8210 10.16623
## Voted.Gen..Elec..07.2008 Number.General.Elections
## median 0.0000 0.0000
## mean 0.1155 0.3568
## SE.mean 0.0021 0.0031
## CI.mean.0.95 0.0040 0.0061
## var 0.1022 0.2295
## std.dev 0.3196 0.4791
## coef.var 2.7674 1.3427
## Hispanic.Surname Young.Voter Eligible.2012 Eligible.2010
## median 0.5000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000
## mean 0.5000 0.4619 0.7338 0.5009
## SE.mean 0.0032 0.0032 0.0029 0.0032
## CI.mean.0.95 0.0063 0.0063 0.0056 0.0063
## var 0.2500 0.2486 0.1954 0.2500
## std.dev 0.5000 0.4986 0.4420 0.5000
## coef.var 1.0000 1.0794 0.6024 0.9983
## Eligible.2008 Young.in.2012 Young.in.2010 Young.in.2008
## median 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
## mean 0.4216 0.5400 0.5756 0.6071
## SE.mean 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032
## CI.mean.0.95 0.0062 0.0063 0.0063 0.0062
## var 0.2439 0.2484 0.2443 0.2385
## std.dev 0.4938 0.4984 0.4943 0.4884
## coef.var 1.1713 0.9230 0.8586 0.8044
## Voter.Category type ID control post flyer
## median NA NA 3870405.0 0.000 0.000 0.000
## mean NA NA 3604325.4 0.333 0.333 0.333
## SE.mean NA NA 4603.4 0.003 0.003 0.003
## CI.mean.0.95 NA NA 9023.0 0.006 0.006 0.006
## var NA NA 508600932920.5 0.222 0.222 0.222
## std.dev NA NA 713162.6 0.471 0.471 0.471
## coef.var NA NA 0.2 1.414 1.414 1.414
## LOWPROP city zip U_S__CONGRESS byear
## median 1 NA 75204.0000 30.000 1983.5000
## mean 1 NA 75154.9353 27.211 1977.1323
## SE.mean 0 NA 0.5120 0.057 0.1069
## CI.mean.0.95 0 NA 1.0035 0.111 0.2094
## var 0 NA 6290.8031 77.243 274.0387
## std.dev 0 NA 79.3146 8.789 16.5541
## coef.var 0 NA 0.0011 0.323 0.0084
This shows the count of old and young people included in the population. The result shows more old people constitute the population.
Counts of Population
table(LWPop$Young.Hispanic.Status) #to do a count of young voters
##
## non_y_h non_y_non_h y_h y_non_h
## 6416 6499 5584 5501
table(LWPop$Young.Voter) #sum of all young voter compared to old voters
##
## 0 1
## 12915 11085
table(LWPop$Voter.Category) #to do a count of young voter
##
## Old Hispanic Old Not Hispanic Young Hispanic
## 6416 6499 5584
## Young Not Hispanic
## 5501
table(LWPop$control) #sample population for control group
##
## 0 1
## 16000 8000
table(LWPop$post) #sample population for post group
##
## 0 1
## 16000 8000
table(LWPop$flyer) #sample population for flyer group
##
## 0 1
## 16000 8000
table(LWPop$VOTED2014) #number of people who voted from the population of 24000
##
## 0 1
## 21028 2972
Here, we plotted the sample data and the whole data to compare our young and hispanic voters representation.The majority voters in the whole data are non young and non hispanic. This is not a representative of what the researcher will like to perform.
Plot
plot(LWPop$Young.Hispanic.Status) #Graphical representation to validate Sampling error for sample population
plot(LWData1$Young.Hispanic.Status) #Graphical representation of all population
