lubridate包函数详解

lubridate包主要有两类函数，一类是处理时点数据（time instants），另一类是处理时段数据（time spans）。

时段类函数，它可以处理三类对象，分别是：

interval：最简单的时段对象，它由两个时点数据构成。
duration：去除了时间两端的信息，纯粹以秒为单位计算时段的长度，不考虑闰年和闰秒，它同时也兼容基本包中的difftime类型对象。
period：以较长的时钟周期来计算时段长度，它考虑了闰年和闰秒，适用于长期的时间计算。以2012年为例，duration计算的一年是标准不变的365天，而period计算的一年就会变成366天。

1、am、pm 判断日期是上午还是下午，返回逻辑值

library(lubridate)

## 
## Attaching package: 'lubridate'

## The following object is masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     date

times <- now()
am(times)

## [1] TRUE

pm(times)

## [1] FALSE

2、as.interval 转换成时间段

# difftime
diff <- make_difftime(days = 31)
as.interval(diff, ymd("2009-01-01"))

## [1] 2009-01-01 UTC--2009-02-01 UTC

as.interval(diff, ymd("2009-02-01"))

## [1] 2009-02-01 UTC--2009-03-04 UTC

# duration
dur <- duration(days = 31)
as.interval(dur, ymd("2009-01-01"))

## [1] 2009-01-01 UTC--2009-02-01 UTC

as.interval(dur, ymd("2009-02-01"))

## [1] 2009-02-01 UTC--2009-03-04 UTC

# period
per <- period(months = 1)
as.interval(per, ymd("2009-01-01"))

## [1] 2009-01-01 UTC--2009-02-01 UTC

as.interval(per, ymd("2009-02-01"))

## [1] 2009-02-01 UTC--2009-03-01 UTC

# numeric
as.interval(3600, ymd("2009-01-01"))

## [1] 2009-01-01 UTC--2018-11-10 UTC

3、as.period

# interval
span <- interval(as.POSIXct("2009-01-01"), as.POSIXct("2010-02-02 01:01:01"))
span

## [1] 2009-01-01 CST--2010-02-02 01:01:01 CST

as.period(span)

## [1] "1y 1m 1d 1H 1M 1S"

as.period(span, units = "day")

## [1] "1y 1m 1d 1H 1M 1S"

leap <- interval(ymd("2016-01-01"), ymd("2017-01-01"))
as.period(leap, unit = "days")

## [1] "366d 0H 0M 0S"

as.period(leap, unit = "years")

## [1] "1y 0m 0d 0H 0M 0S"

dst <- interval(ymd("2016-11-06", tz = "America/Chicago"), ymd("2016-11-07", 
    tz = "America/Chicago"))
as.period(dst, unit = "hours")

## [1] "25H 0M 0S"

4、as.date

dt_utc <- ymd_hms("2010-08-03 00:50:50")
dt_europe <- ymd_hms("2010-08-03 00:50:50", tz = "Europe/London")
c(as_date(dt_utc), as.Date(dt_utc))

## [1] "2010-08-03" "2010-08-03"

## [1] '2010-08-03' '2010-08-03'
c(as_date(dt_europe), as.Date(dt_europe))

## [1] "2010-08-03" "2010-08-02"

## [1] '2010-08-03' '2010-08-02' need not suply origin
as_date(10)

## [1] "1970-01-11"

## [1] '1970-01-11'

5、date

x <- as.POSIXct("2012-03-26 23:12:13", tz = "Etc/GMT+8")
date(x)

## [1] "2012-03-26"

as.Date(x)  # by default as.Date assumes you want to know the date in UTC

## [1] "2012-03-27"

as.Date(x, tz = "Etc/GMT+8")

## [1] "2012-03-26"

date(x) <- as.Date("2000-01-02")
x

## [1] "2000-01-02 23:12:13 GMT+8"

6、DateUpdate 更改日期对象的成分

date <- as.POSIXlt("2009-02-10 08:07:43 CST")
date

## [1] "2009-02-10 08:07:43 CST"

year(date)  #获取年份

## [1] 2009

month(date)  #获取月份

## [1] 2

day(date)

## [1] 10

mday(date)

## [1] 10

hour(date)

## [1] 8

minute(date)

## [1] 7

second(date)

## [1] 43

update(date, year = 2010, month = 1, mday = 1)

## [1] "2010-01-01 08:07:43 CST"

update(date, year = 2010, month = 13, mday = 1)

## [1] "2011-01-01 08:07:43 CST"

update(date, minute = 10, second = 3)

## [1] "2009-02-10 08:10:03 CST"

7、date_decimal 将小数转换成日期

date <- ymd("2009-02-10")
decimal <- decimal_date(date)
decimal

## [1] 2009.11

date_decimal(decimal)

## [1] "2009-02-10 UTC"

8、day 获取或设置天数

获取天数：

day(x)：天数
mday(x)：月中的第几天
wday(x, label = FALSE, abbr = TRUE)：label为FALSE时用数字表示星期，为TRUE时使用星期的完整写法；abbr为TRUE时使用星期的简写。
qday(x)：季度中的第几天
yday(x)：年度中的第几天

设置天数：

day(x) <- value
mday(x) <- value
qday(x) <- value
wday(x) <- value
yday(x) <- value

x <- as.Date("2016-07-08")
day(x)

## [1] 8

wday(x)  #周是从周日至周六算，一周的第几天，即星期数

## [1] 6

wday(ymd(160708))  #默认使用数字表示星期

## [1] 6

wday(ymd(160708), label = TRUE, abbr = FALSE)  #使用星期全称

## [1] Friday
## 7 Levels: Sunday < Monday < Tuesday < Wednesday < Thursday < ... < Saturday

wday(ymd(160708), label = TRUE, abbr = TRUE)  #使用星期简称

## [1] Fri
## Levels: Sun < Mon < Tues < Wed < Thurs < Fri < Sat

wday(ymd(160708) + days(-2:4), label = TRUE, abbr = TRUE)

## [1] Wed   Thurs Fri   Sat   Sun   Mon   Tues 
## Levels: Sun < Mon < Tues < Wed < Thurs < Fri < Sat

yday(ymd(160301))

## [1] 61

yday(ymd(150301))

## [1] 60

mday(x)

## [1] 8

qday(x)

## [1] 8

# 设置：
yday(x) <- 1
x

## [1] "2016-01-01"

day(x) <- 366
x

## [1] "2016-12-31"

mday(x) > 3

## [1] TRUE

9、days_in_month 月份中的第几天

x <- as.Date("2016-07-08")
days_in_month(x)

## Jul 
##  31

10、decimal_date() 将日期转换成小数形式

date <- ymd("2009-02-10")
(date)

## [1] "2009-02-10"

11、dst DST是Daylight SavingTime的缩写，称为阳光节约时，在我国称为夏时制，又称夏令时，是一种为节约能源而人为调整地方时间的制度。

12、duration 以秒为单位计算时段

duration(num = NULL, units = “seconds”, …)
is.duration(x)

duration(day = -1)

## [1] "-86400s (~-1 days)"

duration(90, "seconds")

## [1] "90s"

duration(1.5, "minutes")

## [1] "90s"

duration(-1, "days")

## [1] "-86400s (~-1 days)"

duration(second = 90)

## [1] "90s"

duration(minute = 1.5)

## [1] "90s"

duration(mins = 1.5)

## [1] "90s"

duration(second = 3, minute = 1.5, hour = 2, day = 6, week = 1)

## [1] "1130493s (~13.08 days)"

duration(hour = 1, minute = -60)

## [1] "0s"

is.duration(as.Date("2009-08-03"))

## [1] FALSE

is.duration(duration(days = 12.4))

## [1] TRUE

13、here()、now() 获取当前时间

here()

## [1] "2016-07-12 08:52:44 CST"

now()

## [1] "2016-07-12 08:52:44 CST"

14、hm()、hms()、ms() 将指定小时和分钟的时间转换成时段

hm(c("09:10", "09:02", "1:10"))

## [1] "9H 10M 0S" "9H 2M 0S"  "1H 10M 0S"

hm("7 6")

## [1] "7H 6M 0S"

hm("6,5")

## [1] "6H 5M 0S"

x <- c("09:10:01", "09:10:02", "09:10:03")
hms(x)

## [1] "9H 10M 1S" "9H 10M 2S" "9H 10M 3S"

hms("7 6 5", "3:23:::2", "2 : 23 : 33", "Finished in 9 hours, 20 min and 4 seconds")

## [1] "7H 6M 5S"   "3H 23M 2S"  "2H 23M 33S" "9H 20M 4S"

15、hour()、minute()、second() 获取或设置日期时间中的时分秒

x <- ymd("2012-03-26")
hour(x)

## [1] 0

hour(x) <- 1
minute(x) <- 20
second(x) <- 2
x

## [1] "2012-03-26 01:20:02 UTC"

16、make_datetime() 创建时间对象

make_datetime(year = 1970, month = 1L, day = 1L, hour = 0, min = 0, sec = 0, tz = “UTC”)

dates <- now() + days(1:10)
make_datetime()

## [1] "1970-01-01 UTC"

make_datetime(year = 1999, month = 12, day = 22, sec = c(10, 11))

## [1] "1999-12-22 00:00:10 UTC" "1999-12-22 00:00:11 UTC"

17、make_difftime

make_difftime(1)

## Time difference of 1 secs

make_difftime(60)

## Time difference of 1 mins

make_difftime(3600)

## Time difference of 1 hours

make_difftime(3600, units = "minute")

## Time difference of 60 mins

make_difftime(second = 90)

## Time difference of 1.5 mins

make_difftime(minute = 1.5)

## Time difference of 1.5 mins

make_difftime(second = 3, minute = 1.5, hour = 2, day = 6, week = 1)

## Time difference of 13.08441 days

make_difftime(hour = 1, minute = -60)

## Time difference of 0 secs

make_difftime(day = -1)

## Time difference of -1 days

make_difftime(120, day = -1, units = "minute")

## Time differences in mins
## [1]     2 -1440

18、ymd、dmy、ymd

dmy(10216)

## [1] "2016-02-01"

mdy(1022016)

## [1] "2016-01-02"

ymd("16/02/29")

## [1] "2016-02-29"

x <- c("09-01-01", "09-01-02", "09-01-03")
ymd(x)

## [1] "2009-01-01" "2009-01-02" "2009-01-03"

x <- c("2009-01-01", "2009-01-02", "2009-01-03")
ymd(x)

## [1] "2009-01-01" "2009-01-02" "2009-01-03"

ymd(90101, 90102)

## [1] "2009-01-01" "2009-01-02"

dmy(10210)

## [1] "2010-02-01"

mdy(10210)

## [1] "2010-01-02"

x <- c(20090101, "2009-01-02", "2009 01 03", "2009-1-4", "2009-1, 5", "Created on 2009 1 6", 
    "200901 !!! 07", "2016/1/04")
ymd(x)

## [1] "2009-01-01" "2009-01-02" "2009-01-03" "2009-01-04" "2009-01-05"
## [6] "2009-01-06" "2009-01-07" "2016-01-04"

lubridate包函数详解

囧囧有神

2016年7月7日

1、am、pm 判断日期是上午还是下午，返回逻辑值

2、as.interval 转换成时间段

3、as.period

4、as.date

5、date

6、DateUpdate 更改日期对象的成分

7、date_decimal 将小数转换成日期

8、day 获取或设置天数

9、days_in_month 月份中的第几天

10、decimal_date() 将日期转换成小数形式

11、dst DST是Daylight SavingTime的缩写，称为阳光节约时，在我国称为夏时制，又称夏令时，是一种为节约能源而人为调整地方时间的制度。

12、duration 以秒为单位计算时段

13、here()、now() 获取当前时间

14、hm()、hms()、ms() 将指定小时和分钟的时间转换成时段

15、hour()、minute()、second() 获取或设置日期时间中的时分秒

16、make_datetime() 创建时间对象

17、make_difftime

18、ymd、dmy、ymd