1.1

1. Statistics is the collection of information, organization and summarization of information, and the analysis of such information to draw conclusions or answer specific questions. The certainty that the conclusion made reflects reality is also measured and reported.

3. individual

5. statistic; parameter

7. parameter

9. statistic

11. parameter

13. statistic

15. qualitative

17. quantitative

19. quantitative

21. qualitative

23. discrete

25. continuous

27. discrete

29. discrete

39 Population: teeneagers between 13 and 17 years living in the United States. Sample: 1028 teenagers who are 13 to 17 years old and live in the United States.

40 Population: Coca-Cola bottles that were filled on October 15. Sample: 50 randomly selected bottles of Coca-Cola that were filled on October 15.

41 Population: The farmer’s soybean crop. Sample: 100 randomly selected soybean plants.

42 Population: All households within the United States. Sample: 50,000 American households.

1.2

11. An experiment

13. An observational study

2.1

7

  1. China

  2. The United Kingdom had approx. 50 million Internet users in 2010

  3. China had approx. 350 million more Internet users than Germany in 2010

  4. This graph might make it seem like a larger proportion of people in China have access to the Internet than in Japan. China has a larger population than many other countries so relative frequency would be more appropriate.

9

  1. 69% of respondents

  2. 55.2 million adult Americans

  3. This statement is inferential because Gallup would be using the results of the random sample adult Americans and extending it to the population, all adult Americans.

11

  1. 0.44; 0.63

  2. 55+

  3. 18-34

  4. Increasing age is associated with an increased likelihood of buying products when made in America.

13

Never: 0.0262

Rarely: 0.0678

Sometimes: 0.1156

Most of the time: 0.2632

Always: 0.5272

  1. 52.7%

  2. 9.4%

d e f

my_data <- c(125, 324, 552, 1257, 2518)

groups <- c("Never", "Rarely", "Sometimes", "Most", "Always")

barplot(my_data, main = "Wearing Seatbelts", names.arg = groups)

barplot(my_data, main = "Wearing Seatbelts", names.arg = groups, col = c("red","blue","green","yellow", "black"))

rel_freq <- my_data / sum(my_data)

barplot(rel_freq, main = "Wearing Seatbelts", names.arg = groups, col = c("red","blue","green","yellow","black"))

pie(my_data, labels = groups, main = "Wearing Seatbelts")

  1. Descriptive statement

15

More then 1 hour: 0.3678

Up to 1 hour: 0.1873

A few time a week: 0.1288

A few times a month: 0.0790

Never: 0.2370

  1. 23.7%

c d e

my_data <- c(377, 192, 132, 81, 243)

groups <- c("More 1", "Up to 1", "Few times week", "Few times month", "Never")

barplot(my_data, main = "Use the internet", names.arg = groups)

barplot(my_data, main = "Use the internet", names.arg = groups, col = c("red","blue","green","yellow", "black"))

rel_freq <- my_data / sum(my_data)

barplot(rel_freq, main = "Use the internet", names.arg = groups, col = c("red","blue","green","yellow","black"))

pie(my_data, labels = groups, main = "Use the internet")

  1. There is no

2.2

9

  1. 8

  2. 2

  3. 15

  4. 4

  5. 15%

  6. Bell shaped

10

  1. 4

  2. 9

  3. 17.6%

  4. Skewed right

11

  1. 200

  2. 10

  3. 60-69,2; 70-79,3; 80-89,13; 90-99,42; 100-109,58; 110-119,40; 120-129,31; 130-139,8; 140-149, 2; 150-159,1

  4. 100-109

  5. 150-159

  6. 5.5%

  7. No

12

  1. 200

  2. Skip this problem

  3. 0-200

  4. Skewed right

  5. Texas is a much larger state than Vermont. Texas has a larger population and thus more likely to have more alcohol-related traffic fatalities. A fairer comparison would be to compare the relative frequency of alcohol-related traffic fatalities.

13

  1. Skewed right: There will be more middle incomes than high incomes.

  2. Bell shaped: There will be a higher frequency of scores at the median and lower frequencies of scores away from it.

  3. Skewed right: More households will have 1-4 occupants rather than more than 4.

  4. Skewed left: Patients with alzheimers will be more frequent in the older age categories.

14

  1. Skewed right: Likely that people drink less drinks more frequently per week than they do many drinks per week.

  2. Uniform: For each grade, the number of students the same age will be similar.

  3. Skewed left: Most hearing-aid patients will be older.

  4. Bell shaped: Average height will have the greatest frequency with heights lower and greater having lower frequencies.