We aim to examine the relation of neighborhood-level income inequality with psychosocial and biomedical risk factors of CVD within a racially and socioeconomically diverse cohort of adults in Baltimore, Maryland.
Psychosocial risk factors include: depressive symptoms, anger, anxiety, and perceived stress.
Biomedical risk factors include: blood pressure, cholesterol (LDL, HDL, Total Chol), glucose, and body mass index (BMI)
Covariates include: demographic (age, sex, race, education), medical conditions, medications, and substance use.
Two sets of interactions are examined:
Below are the final models and graphs after backwards elimination.
Psychosocial:
Backwards elimination from PovStat x Gini2 x Race and from MedianHouseholdIncome x Gini2 x Race both yield only Gini main effect. Gini coefficient is negative for all psychosocial measures, where more inequality is predictive of better psychological health.
Biomedical:
Backwards elimination from PovStat x Gini2 x Race:
Backwards elimination from MedianHouseholdIncome x Gini2 x Race:
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: CESimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = CESimp ~ Gini100C + PovStat + Race + Age0 + Sex +
## HseHldEducationDich + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI +
## rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr +
## AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + MedianHouseholdIncome2C,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -21.98 -7.44 -2.11 5.61 43.78
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 17.0846 1.8995 8.99 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.1010 0.0387 -2.61 0.00911
## PovStat 3.0444 0.5157 5.90 0.000000004217
## Race -0.3131 0.5306 -0.59 0.55521
## Age0 -0.0384 0.0287 -1.34 0.18030
## Sex -1.4360 0.4980 -2.88 0.00398
## HseHldEducationDich -3.6566 0.5357 -6.83 0.000000000012
## CVDclusterdich -0.0493 1.3026 -0.04 0.96979
## DMMclusterdich 0.8875 0.6411 1.38 0.16643
## PhysBMI -0.0028 0.0337 -0.08 0.93374
## rxPsych 7.4575 0.7053 10.57 < 2e-16
## rxHTN -0.8958 0.6520 -1.37 0.16965
## rxDiabetes 0.8690 1.0454 0.83 0.40594
## rxHypercholesterolemia -0.8318 0.8854 -0.94 0.34763
## SmokingCurr -1.7925 0.6280 -2.85 0.00436
## AlcoholCurr 0.3063 0.5071 0.60 0.54588
## IllicitDrugCurr 2.2924 0.6911 3.32 0.00093
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.1171 0.2378 -0.49 0.62258
##
## Residual standard error: 10.3 on 1873 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.145, Adjusted R-squared: 0.137
## F-statistic: 18.6 on 17 and 1873 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: CESimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: acasiPDSQanx
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = acasiPDSQanx ~ Gini100C + PovStat + Race + Age0 +
## Sex + HseHldEducationDich + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich +
## PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia +
## SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + MedianHouseholdIncome2C,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -6.54 -2.29 -1.04 2.03 8.50
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 4.87207 0.55780 8.73 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.02367 0.01136 -2.08 0.03735
## PovStat 0.64232 0.15144 4.24 0.000023294
## Race -0.39003 0.15581 -2.50 0.01239
## Age0 -0.03263 0.00842 -3.88 0.00011
## Sex -0.67184 0.14625 -4.59 0.000004640
## HseHldEducationDich -0.86999 0.15732 -5.53 0.000000037
## CVDclusterdich 0.03917 0.38251 0.10 0.91845
## DMMclusterdich 0.27450 0.18826 1.46 0.14499
## PhysBMI 0.00115 0.00990 0.12 0.90769
## rxPsych 1.75798 0.20712 8.49 < 2e-16
## rxHTN -0.16112 0.19147 -0.84 0.40017
## rxDiabetes -0.13038 0.30699 -0.42 0.67110
## rxHypercholesterolemia 0.05518 0.26002 0.21 0.83196
## SmokingCurr -0.23468 0.18443 -1.27 0.20337
## AlcoholCurr 0.17388 0.14891 1.17 0.24306
## IllicitDrugCurr 0.37037 0.20294 1.83 0.06815
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C 0.02874 0.06983 0.41 0.68073
##
## Residual standard error: 3.02 on 1873 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.111, Adjusted R-squared: 0.103
## F-statistic: 13.8 on 17 and 1873 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: acasiPDSQanx *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: acasiPerStr
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = acasiPerStr ~ Gini100C + PovStat + Race + Age0 +
## Sex + HseHldEducationDich + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich +
## PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia +
## SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + MedianHouseholdIncome2C,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -7.419 -2.345 -0.149 2.186 11.519
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 7.01304 0.58493 11.99 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.02536 0.01191 -2.13 0.0334
## PovStat 0.76084 0.15881 4.79 0.00000179032
## Race -0.46351 0.16339 -2.84 0.0046
## Age0 -0.01633 0.00883 -1.85 0.0644
## Sex -0.10499 0.15336 -0.68 0.4937
## HseHldEducationDich -1.03510 0.16497 -6.27 0.00000000043
## CVDclusterdich 0.65169 0.40112 1.62 0.1044
## DMMclusterdich -0.07874 0.19742 -0.40 0.6901
## PhysBMI -0.01114 0.01038 -1.07 0.2837
## rxPsych 1.16847 0.21720 5.38 0.00000008396
## rxHTN -0.27278 0.20078 -1.36 0.1744
## rxDiabetes 0.45432 0.32192 1.41 0.1583
## rxHypercholesterolemia -0.28166 0.27267 -1.03 0.3017
## SmokingCurr -0.47261 0.19340 -2.44 0.0146
## AlcoholCurr 0.26710 0.15615 1.71 0.0873
## IllicitDrugCurr 0.36699 0.21281 1.72 0.0848
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.06329 0.07322 -0.86 0.3875
##
## Residual standard error: 3.17 on 1873 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.0866, Adjusted R-squared: 0.0783
## F-statistic: 10.4 on 17 and 1873 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: acasiPerStr *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: acasiAnger
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = acasiAnger ~ Gini100C + PovStat + Race + Age0 +
## Sex + HseHldEducationDich + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich +
## PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia +
## SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + MedianHouseholdIncome2C,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -13.310 -4.799 -0.664 4.127 20.601
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 13.9951 1.1308 12.38 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.0463 0.0230 -2.01 0.04472
## PovStat 0.8842 0.3070 2.88 0.00402
## Race -1.3315 0.3159 -4.22 0.000026109
## Age0 -0.0737 0.0171 -4.32 0.000016431
## Sex -0.0986 0.2965 -0.33 0.73939
## HseHldEducationDich -1.7096 0.3189 -5.36 0.000000093
## CVDclusterdich 0.4574 0.7755 0.59 0.55538
## DMMclusterdich 0.0258 0.3816 0.07 0.94619
## PhysBMI 0.0186 0.0201 0.93 0.35352
## rxPsych 1.6228 0.4199 3.86 0.00011
## rxHTN -0.3918 0.3882 -1.01 0.31286
## rxDiabetes 0.7004 0.6223 1.13 0.26054
## rxHypercholesterolemia 0.1848 0.5271 0.35 0.72590
## SmokingCurr -0.4721 0.3739 -1.26 0.20682
## AlcoholCurr 0.3759 0.3019 1.25 0.21319
## IllicitDrugCurr 1.2084 0.4114 2.94 0.00335
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.1038 0.1416 -0.73 0.46331
##
## Residual standard error: 6.13 on 1873 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.0736, Adjusted R-squared: 0.0652
## F-statistic: 8.75 on 17 and 1873 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: acasiAnger *****************************
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: CESimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = CESimp ~ Gini100C + MedianHouseholdIncome2C + Race +
## Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat + CVDclusterdich +
## DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes +
## rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -21.98 -7.44 -2.11 5.61 43.78
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 17.0846 1.8995 8.99 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.1010 0.0387 -2.61 0.00911
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.1171 0.2378 -0.49 0.62258
## Race -0.3131 0.5306 -0.59 0.55521
## Age0 -0.0384 0.0287 -1.34 0.18030
## Sex -1.4360 0.4980 -2.88 0.00398
## HseHldEducationDich -3.6566 0.5357 -6.83 0.000000000012
## PovStat 3.0444 0.5157 5.90 0.000000004217
## CVDclusterdich -0.0493 1.3026 -0.04 0.96979
## DMMclusterdich 0.8875 0.6411 1.38 0.16643
## PhysBMI -0.0028 0.0337 -0.08 0.93374
## rxPsych 7.4575 0.7053 10.57 < 2e-16
## rxHTN -0.8958 0.6520 -1.37 0.16965
## rxDiabetes 0.8690 1.0454 0.83 0.40594
## rxHypercholesterolemia -0.8318 0.8854 -0.94 0.34763
## SmokingCurr -1.7925 0.6280 -2.85 0.00436
## AlcoholCurr 0.3063 0.5071 0.60 0.54588
## IllicitDrugCurr 2.2924 0.6911 3.32 0.00093
##
## Residual standard error: 10.3 on 1873 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.145, Adjusted R-squared: 0.137
## F-statistic: 18.6 on 17 and 1873 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: CESimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: acasiPDSQanx
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = acasiPDSQanx ~ Gini100C + MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## Race + Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat + CVDclusterdich +
## DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes +
## rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -6.54 -2.29 -1.04 2.03 8.50
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 4.87207 0.55780 8.73 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.02367 0.01136 -2.08 0.03735
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C 0.02874 0.06983 0.41 0.68073
## Race -0.39003 0.15581 -2.50 0.01239
## Age0 -0.03263 0.00842 -3.88 0.00011
## Sex -0.67184 0.14625 -4.59 0.000004640
## HseHldEducationDich -0.86999 0.15732 -5.53 0.000000037
## PovStat 0.64232 0.15144 4.24 0.000023294
## CVDclusterdich 0.03917 0.38251 0.10 0.91845
## DMMclusterdich 0.27450 0.18826 1.46 0.14499
## PhysBMI 0.00115 0.00990 0.12 0.90769
## rxPsych 1.75798 0.20712 8.49 < 2e-16
## rxHTN -0.16112 0.19147 -0.84 0.40017
## rxDiabetes -0.13038 0.30699 -0.42 0.67110
## rxHypercholesterolemia 0.05518 0.26002 0.21 0.83196
## SmokingCurr -0.23468 0.18443 -1.27 0.20337
## AlcoholCurr 0.17388 0.14891 1.17 0.24306
## IllicitDrugCurr 0.37037 0.20294 1.83 0.06815
##
## Residual standard error: 3.02 on 1873 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.111, Adjusted R-squared: 0.103
## F-statistic: 13.8 on 17 and 1873 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: acasiPDSQanx *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: acasiPerStr
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = acasiPerStr ~ Gini100C + MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## Race + Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat + CVDclusterdich +
## DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes +
## rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -7.419 -2.345 -0.149 2.186 11.519
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 7.01304 0.58493 11.99 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.02536 0.01191 -2.13 0.0334
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.06329 0.07322 -0.86 0.3875
## Race -0.46351 0.16339 -2.84 0.0046
## Age0 -0.01633 0.00883 -1.85 0.0644
## Sex -0.10499 0.15336 -0.68 0.4937
## HseHldEducationDich -1.03510 0.16497 -6.27 0.00000000043
## PovStat 0.76084 0.15881 4.79 0.00000179032
## CVDclusterdich 0.65169 0.40112 1.62 0.1044
## DMMclusterdich -0.07874 0.19742 -0.40 0.6901
## PhysBMI -0.01114 0.01038 -1.07 0.2837
## rxPsych 1.16847 0.21720 5.38 0.00000008396
## rxHTN -0.27278 0.20078 -1.36 0.1744
## rxDiabetes 0.45432 0.32192 1.41 0.1583
## rxHypercholesterolemia -0.28166 0.27267 -1.03 0.3017
## SmokingCurr -0.47261 0.19340 -2.44 0.0146
## AlcoholCurr 0.26710 0.15615 1.71 0.0873
## IllicitDrugCurr 0.36699 0.21281 1.72 0.0848
##
## Residual standard error: 3.17 on 1873 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.0866, Adjusted R-squared: 0.0783
## F-statistic: 10.4 on 17 and 1873 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: acasiPerStr *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: acasiAnger
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = acasiAnger ~ Gini100C + MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## Race + Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat + CVDclusterdich +
## DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes +
## rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -13.310 -4.799 -0.664 4.127 20.601
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 13.9951 1.1308 12.38 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.0463 0.0230 -2.01 0.04472
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.1038 0.1416 -0.73 0.46331
## Race -1.3315 0.3159 -4.22 0.000026109
## Age0 -0.0737 0.0171 -4.32 0.000016431
## Sex -0.0986 0.2965 -0.33 0.73939
## HseHldEducationDich -1.7096 0.3189 -5.36 0.000000093
## PovStat 0.8842 0.3070 2.88 0.00402
## CVDclusterdich 0.4574 0.7755 0.59 0.55538
## DMMclusterdich 0.0258 0.3816 0.07 0.94619
## PhysBMI 0.0186 0.0201 0.93 0.35352
## rxPsych 1.6228 0.4199 3.86 0.00011
## rxHTN -0.3918 0.3882 -1.01 0.31286
## rxDiabetes 0.7004 0.6223 1.13 0.26054
## rxHypercholesterolemia 0.1848 0.5271 0.35 0.72590
## SmokingCurr -0.4721 0.3739 -1.26 0.20682
## AlcoholCurr 0.3759 0.3019 1.25 0.21319
## IllicitDrugCurr 1.2084 0.4114 2.94 0.00335
##
## Residual standard error: 6.13 on 1873 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.0736, Adjusted R-squared: 0.0652
## F-statistic: 8.75 on 17 and 1873 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: acasiAnger *****************************
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: PhysMeanSBPsitimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: PhysMeanSBPsitimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: PhysMeanDBPsitimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: PhysMeanDBPsitimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResGlucoseimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResGlucoseimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResGlucoseimpsqrt
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResGlucoseimpsqrt *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: PhysBMI
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: PhysBMI cannot be found in the model
## These terms are ignored in the model selection.
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = PhysBMI ~ Gini100C + PovStat + Race + I(Gini100C^2) +
## Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich +
## rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr +
## AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## PovStat:Race, data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -16.76 -4.86 -0.94 4.04 32.26
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 34.72741 1.03577 33.53 < 2e-16
## Gini100C 0.00774 0.03684 0.21 0.8337
## PovStat 0.79788 0.56515 1.41 0.1582
## Race 0.64166 0.45497 1.41 0.1586
## I(Gini100C^2) -0.01059 0.00343 -3.08 0.0021
## Age0 -0.08569 0.01947 -4.40 0.0000113379327
## Sex -2.83919 0.33390 -8.50 < 2e-16
## HseHldEducationDich -0.21060 0.36593 -0.58 0.5650
## CVDclusterdich -0.66495 0.88960 -0.75 0.4549
## DMMclusterdich 0.48699 0.43791 1.11 0.2662
## rxPsych -0.26122 0.48220 -0.54 0.5881
## rxHTN 3.25042 0.43898 7.40 0.0000000000002
## rxDiabetes 3.02340 0.71102 4.25 0.0000222110236
## rxHypercholesterolemia 1.36699 0.60363 2.26 0.0237
## SmokingCurr 1.80606 0.42662 4.23 0.0000241277170
## AlcoholCurr -0.92805 0.34563 -2.69 0.0073
## IllicitDrugCurr -1.93814 0.47032 -4.12 0.0000393868376
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C 0.03650 0.16633 0.22 0.8263
## PovStat:Race -1.95585 0.70669 -2.77 0.0057
##
## Residual standard error: 7.03 on 1872 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.176, Adjusted R-squared: 0.168
## F-statistic: 22.2 on 18 and 1872 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: PhysBMI *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResLDLcalcimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResLDLcalcimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResHDLimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = "LabResHDLimp ~ Gini100C*PovStat*Race + I(Gini100C^2)*PovStat*Race + Age0 + Sex + Race + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + MedianHouseholdIncome2C",
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -50.37 -9.81 -2.12 7.62 111.70
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 63.8262 2.9495 21.64 < 2e-16
## Gini100C 0.2379 0.1358 1.75 0.0799
## PovStat -4.8726 1.8977 -2.57 0.0103
## Race 1.5831 1.3713 1.15 0.2485
## I(Gini100C^2) -0.0127 0.0147 -0.86 0.3904
## Age0 0.1883 0.0431 4.37 0.00001321
## Sex -9.7251 0.7491 -12.98 < 2e-16
## HseHldEducationDich 0.1691 0.8106 0.21 0.8348
## CVDclusterdich -4.4366 1.9559 -2.27 0.0234
## DMMclusterdich -2.6351 0.9652 -2.73 0.0064
## PhysBMI -0.6151 0.0508 -12.10 < 2e-16
## rxPsych -1.7701 1.0626 -1.67 0.0959
## rxHTN -0.0635 0.9785 -0.06 0.9482
## rxDiabetes -1.2914 1.5732 -0.82 0.4118
## rxHypercholesterolemia -0.0195 1.3274 -0.01 0.9883
## SmokingCurr 1.1469 0.9418 1.22 0.2235
## AlcoholCurr 3.9784 0.7616 5.22 0.00000019
## IllicitDrugCurr 2.2813 1.0387 2.20 0.0282
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.5813 0.3689 -1.58 0.1152
## Gini100C:PovStat -0.1990 0.2534 -0.79 0.4323
## Gini100C:Race -0.4688 0.1899 -2.47 0.0137
## PovStat:Race 9.6783 2.2228 4.35 0.00001409
## PovStat:I(Gini100C^2) 0.0175 0.0271 0.64 0.5204
## Race:I(Gini100C^2) 0.0374 0.0216 1.73 0.0844
## Gini100C:PovStat:Race 0.7708 0.3261 2.36 0.0182
## PovStat:Race:I(Gini100C^2) -0.0814 0.0339 -2.40 0.0164
##
## Residual standard error: 15.4 on 1865 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.213, Adjusted R-squared: 0.203
## F-statistic: 20.2 on 25 and 1865 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: LabResHDLimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResHDLimplog
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = "LabResHDLimplog ~ Gini100C*PovStat*Race + I(Gini100C^2)*PovStat*Race + Age0 + Sex + Race + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + MedianHouseholdIncome2C",
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.6916 -0.0715 -0.0022 0.0730 0.5264
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.792405 0.021908 81.82 < 2e-16
## Gini100C 0.002175 0.001009 2.16 0.0312
## PovStat -0.044180 0.014096 -3.13 0.0017
## Race 0.012109 0.010186 1.19 0.2347
## I(Gini100C^2) -0.000110 0.000109 -1.00 0.3165
## Age0 0.001491 0.000320 4.66 0.000003435
## Sex -0.080827 0.005564 -14.53 < 2e-16
## HseHldEducationDich 0.001408 0.006021 0.23 0.8152
## CVDclusterdich -0.038886 0.014528 -2.68 0.0075
## DMMclusterdich -0.017855 0.007170 -2.49 0.0128
## PhysBMI -0.004500 0.000378 -11.92 < 2e-16
## rxPsych -0.013346 0.007893 -1.69 0.0910
## rxHTN -0.003310 0.007268 -0.46 0.6489
## rxDiabetes -0.013114 0.011686 -1.12 0.2619
## rxHypercholesterolemia -0.000932 0.009860 -0.09 0.9247
## SmokingCurr 0.009556 0.006995 1.37 0.1721
## AlcoholCurr 0.030739 0.005657 5.43 0.000000062
## IllicitDrugCurr 0.018147 0.007715 2.35 0.0188
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.004634 0.002740 -1.69 0.0910
## Gini100C:PovStat -0.001766 0.001882 -0.94 0.3481
## Gini100C:Race -0.003810 0.001411 -2.70 0.0070
## PovStat:Race 0.075373 0.016511 4.57 0.000005319
## PovStat:I(Gini100C^2) 0.000199 0.000202 0.99 0.3242
## Race:I(Gini100C^2) 0.000292 0.000161 1.82 0.0694
## Gini100C:PovStat:Race 0.005045 0.002423 2.08 0.0374
## PovStat:Race:I(Gini100C^2) -0.000619 0.000252 -2.46 0.0139
##
## Residual standard error: 0.115 on 1865 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.229, Adjusted R-squared: 0.218
## F-statistic: 22.1 on 25 and 1865 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: LabResHDLimplog *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResCholimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = LabResCholimp ~ Gini100C + PovStat + Race + I(Gini100C^2) +
## Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich +
## PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia +
## SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## Gini100C:PovStat + PovStat:I(Gini100C^2), data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -106.9 -26.4 -2.8 21.6 474.7
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 151.8410 7.7739 19.53 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.2164 0.2665 -0.81 0.41682
## PovStat 1.8729 2.6405 0.71 0.47824
## Race -5.6807 2.1842 -2.60 0.00937
## I(Gini100C^2) 0.0270 0.0290 0.93 0.35228
## Age0 0.7794 0.1152 6.77 0.000000000017
## Sex -7.6952 2.0026 -3.84 0.00013
## HseHldEducationDich 0.8500 2.1646 0.39 0.69462
## CVDclusterdich -16.9998 5.2361 -3.25 0.00119
## DMMclusterdich -5.4385 2.5782 -2.11 0.03504
## PhysBMI 0.1734 0.1358 1.28 0.20189
## rxPsych 0.3287 2.8436 0.12 0.90799
## rxHTN 3.7542 2.6183 1.43 0.15178
## rxDiabetes -1.8286 4.2030 -0.44 0.66355
## rxHypercholesterolemia -8.7760 3.5551 -2.47 0.01365
## SmokingCurr 2.6955 2.5218 1.07 0.28527
## AlcoholCurr 0.7952 2.0358 0.39 0.69614
## IllicitDrugCurr 0.9024 2.7801 0.32 0.74552
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C 0.5863 0.9749 0.60 0.54767
## Gini100C:PovStat 0.4603 0.3993 1.15 0.24919
## PovStat:I(Gini100C^2) -0.0840 0.0396 -2.12 0.03403
##
## Residual standard error: 41.3 on 1870 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.0581, Adjusted R-squared: 0.0481
## F-statistic: 5.77 on 20 and 1870 DF, p-value: 6.74e-15
##
## ***************** END: LabResCholimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResCholimplog
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResCholimplog *****************************
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: PhysMeanSBPsitimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: PhysMeanSBPsitimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: PhysMeanDBPsitimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = PhysMeanDBPsitimp ~ Gini100C + MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## Race + I(Gini100C^2) + Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich +
## PovStat + CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych +
## rxHTN + rxDiabetes + rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr +
## AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr + Gini100C:MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## Gini100C:Race + MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race + Gini100C:MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race,
## data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -33.11 -7.54 -0.16 7.04 39.14
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 58.38734 1.93032 30.25 < 2e-16
## Gini100C 0.00319 0.07533 0.04 0.96628
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C 0.59728 0.46454 1.29 0.19869
## Race 0.68124 0.57502 1.18 0.23627
## I(Gini100C^2) -0.01564 0.00628 -2.49 0.01277
## Age0 0.08575 0.02868 2.99 0.00283
## Sex 4.08727 0.49825 8.20 4.3e-16
## HseHldEducationDich -0.50009 0.53819 -0.93 0.35290
## PovStat 0.97169 0.52312 1.86 0.06340
## CVDclusterdich -0.42670 1.30162 -0.33 0.74308
## DMMclusterdich -0.52640 0.64139 -0.82 0.41191
## PhysBMI 0.25140 0.03394 7.41 2.0e-13
## rxPsych 0.31991 0.70517 0.45 0.65012
## rxHTN 2.52320 0.65168 3.87 0.00011
## rxDiabetes -2.79148 1.04553 -2.67 0.00765
## rxHypercholesterolemia -1.87423 0.88421 -2.12 0.03417
## SmokingCurr 0.81127 0.62746 1.29 0.19619
## AlcoholCurr 0.99169 0.50697 1.96 0.05060
## IllicitDrugCurr 0.70824 0.69156 1.02 0.30591
## Gini100C:MedianHouseholdIncome2C 0.14055 0.07981 1.76 0.07840
## Gini100C:Race 0.05543 0.08812 0.63 0.52941
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race -0.63027 0.57396 -1.10 0.27230
## Gini100C:MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race -0.27423 0.10442 -2.63 0.00870
##
## Residual standard error: 10.3 on 1868 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.088, Adjusted R-squared: 0.0773
## F-statistic: 8.19 on 22 and 1868 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: PhysMeanDBPsitimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResGlucoseimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResGlucoseimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResGlucoseimpsqrt
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResGlucoseimpsqrt *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: PhysBMI
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: PhysBMI cannot be found in the model
## These terms are ignored in the model selection.
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = PhysBMI ~ Gini100C + MedianHouseholdIncome2C + Race +
## I(Gini100C^2) + Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat +
## CVDclusterdich + DMMclusterdich + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes +
## rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr +
## Gini100C:Race + MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race, data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -15.926 -4.834 -0.809 3.776 29.676
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 35.46701 1.02394 34.64 < 2e-16
## Gini100C -0.08328 0.04498 -1.85 0.0643
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C -0.66260 0.22456 -2.95 0.0032
## Race -0.23493 0.36661 -0.64 0.5217
## I(Gini100C^2) -0.01117 0.00345 -3.24 0.0012
## Age0 -0.08596 0.01941 -4.43 1.0e-05
## Sex -2.86011 0.33282 -8.59 < 2e-16
## HseHldEducationDich -0.20810 0.36587 -0.57 0.5696
## PovStat -0.66469 0.35583 -1.87 0.0619
## CVDclusterdich -0.71193 0.88623 -0.80 0.4219
## DMMclusterdich 0.50971 0.43629 1.17 0.2428
## rxPsych -0.28288 0.48000 -0.59 0.5557
## rxHTN 3.26202 0.43721 7.46 1.3e-13
## rxDiabetes 2.99102 0.70822 4.22 2.5e-05
## rxHypercholesterolemia 1.36701 0.60117 2.27 0.0231
## SmokingCurr 1.83669 0.42505 4.32 1.6e-05
## AlcoholCurr -0.93172 0.34440 -2.71 0.0069
## IllicitDrugCurr -1.97226 0.46859 -4.21 2.7e-05
## Gini100C:Race 0.17548 0.05470 3.21 0.0014
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race 1.40354 0.31693 4.43 1.0e-05
##
## Residual standard error: 7 on 1871 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.183, Adjusted R-squared: 0.175
## F-statistic: 22 on 19 and 1871 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: PhysBMI *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResLDLcalcimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResLDLcalcimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResHDLimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = LabResHDLimp ~ Gini100C + MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## Race + Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat + CVDclusterdich +
## DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes +
## rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr +
## Gini100C:Race + MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race, data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -52.26 -9.69 -2.07 7.58 114.08
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 61.7481 2.8799 21.44 < 2e-16
## Gini100C 0.2205 0.0879 2.51 0.0122
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C 0.5230 0.4937 1.06 0.2896
## Race 5.8897 0.8068 7.30 4.2e-13
## Age0 0.1794 0.0432 4.15 3.4e-05
## Sex -9.7582 0.7506 -13.00 < 2e-16
## HseHldEducationDich 0.0556 0.8089 0.07 0.9452
## PovStat 0.5388 0.7885 0.68 0.4945
## CVDclusterdich -4.6872 1.9608 -2.39 0.0169
## DMMclusterdich -2.7570 0.9650 -2.86 0.0043
## PhysBMI -0.6144 0.0511 -12.03 < 2e-16
## rxPsych -1.7533 1.0618 -1.65 0.0989
## rxHTN -0.0318 0.9823 -0.03 0.9742
## rxDiabetes -1.0693 1.5737 -0.68 0.4969
## rxHypercholesterolemia 0.0432 1.3330 0.03 0.9742
## SmokingCurr 1.1700 0.9459 1.24 0.2163
## AlcoholCurr 4.1278 0.7641 5.40 7.4e-08
## IllicitDrugCurr 2.2732 1.0407 2.18 0.0291
## Gini100C:Race -0.3151 0.1205 -2.61 0.0090
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race -2.0323 0.7055 -2.88 0.0040
##
## Residual standard error: 15.5 on 1871 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.203, Adjusted R-squared: 0.195
## F-statistic: 25.1 on 19 and 1871 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: LabResHDLimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResHDLimplog
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = LabResHDLimplog ~ Gini100C + MedianHouseholdIncome2C +
## Race + Age0 + Sex + HseHldEducationDich + PovStat + CVDclusterdich +
## DMMclusterdich + PhysBMI + rxPsych + rxHTN + rxDiabetes +
## rxHypercholesterolemia + SmokingCurr + AlcoholCurr + IllicitDrugCurr +
## Gini100C:Race + MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race, data = analysisData)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.7035 -0.0717 -0.0011 0.0729 0.5649
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.7765676 0.0213890 83.06 < 2e-16
## Gini100C 0.0019382 0.0006528 2.97 0.0030
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C 0.0029132 0.0036667 0.79 0.4270
## Race 0.0452053 0.0059918 7.54 7.0e-14
## Age0 0.0014192 0.0003209 4.42 1.0e-05
## Sex -0.0808940 0.0055747 -14.51 < 2e-16
## HseHldEducationDich 0.0008361 0.0060077 0.14 0.8893
## PovStat 0.0000637 0.0058561 0.01 0.9913
## CVDclusterdich -0.0407001 0.0145632 -2.79 0.0052
## DMMclusterdich -0.0184739 0.0071672 -2.58 0.0100
## PhysBMI -0.0045121 0.0003792 -11.90 < 2e-16
## rxPsych -0.0129960 0.0078860 -1.65 0.0995
## rxHTN -0.0028873 0.0072957 -0.40 0.6923
## rxDiabetes -0.0120661 0.0116881 -1.03 0.3020
## rxHypercholesterolemia -0.0002873 0.0099002 -0.03 0.9769
## SmokingCurr 0.0098549 0.0070256 1.40 0.1609
## AlcoholCurr 0.0318942 0.0056749 5.62 2.2e-08
## IllicitDrugCurr 0.0181002 0.0077295 2.34 0.0193
## Gini100C:Race -0.0027519 0.0008951 -3.07 0.0021
## MedianHouseholdIncome2C:Race -0.0134308 0.0052398 -2.56 0.0104
##
## Residual standard error: 0.115 on 1871 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.219, Adjusted R-squared: 0.211
## F-statistic: 27.6 on 19 and 1871 DF, p-value: <2e-16
##
## ***************** END: LabResHDLimplog *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResCholimp
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResCholimp *****************************
##
##
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## BEGIN: LabResCholimplog
## ************************************************************
## ************************************************************
## Warning: All variables have been thrown out of the model.
## No model could be specified.
## ***************** END: LabResCholimplog *****************************
For all groups, BMI initially increases till about Gini=45, and then decreases. Overall, Blacks below poverty have the lowest BMI, and Whites below Poverty have the higest BMI. This seems to correspond with Allyssa's findings on food insecurity in her diss.
Insanity. For Whites, increasing inequality more or less corresponds with better HDL, with Whites below poverty having lower HDL than Whites above poverty. The story is different for Blacks. For Blacks above poverty, HDL initially decreases till about Gini=48ish, then increases. The reverse is depicted for Blacks below poverty.
For those living below poverty, total cholesterol is initially greater until Gini=48ish, and then decreases. The opposite is depicted for those living above povert, where cholesterol initially decreases, then later increases with increasing inequality.
As stated earlier, take this with a grain of salt since analyses with Cholesterol-log-transformed did not yield significant terms of interest.
For Blacks living in lower income neighborhoods and Whites living in higher income neighborhoods, increased inequality is associated with greater DBP till about Gini=50, then tapers off a bit.
In contrast, for Blacks living in higher income neighborhoods and Whites living in lower income neighborhoods, greater inequality is associated with lower DBP.
In general for Whites, increasing inequality more or less corresponds with lower BMI, with Whites living in lower income neighborhoods having greater BMI than Whites living in higher income neighborhoods. The story is different for Blacks. For Blacks, BMI initially increases till about Gini=48ish, then decreases. Blacks living in higher income neighborhoods have GREATER BMI than those living in lower income neighborhoods.
For Blacks, greater inequality is associated with lower HDL. Blacks living in lower income neighborhoods having HIGHER HDL than those living in higher income neighborhoods. In contrast, for Whites, greater inequality is associated with higher HDL. Whites living in lower income neighborhoods have lower HDL than those living in higher income neighborhoods.
