RepData peer Assesssment 1

Loading the data

• Load the data

activity = read.csv("activity.csv")

• Process/transform the data (if necessary) into a format suitable for your analysis

totalSteps <- aggregate(steps ~ date, data = activity, sum, na.rm = TRUE)

What is mean total number of steps taken per day?

• Make a histogram of the total number of steps taken each day

hist(totalSteps$steps)

• Calculate and report the mean and median total number of steps taken per day

mean(totalSteps$steps)

## [1] 10766

median(totalSteps$steps)

## [1] 10765

• The mean total number of steps taken per day is 1.0766 × 10⁴ steps.
• The median total number of steps taken per day is 10765 steps.

What is the average daily activity pattern?

• Make a time series plot (i.e. type = “l”) of the 5-minute interval (x-axis) and the average number of steps taken, averaged across all days (y-axis)

stepsInterval <- aggregate(steps ~ interval, data = activity, mean, na.rm = TRUE)
plot(steps ~ interval, data = stepsInterval, type = "l")

• Which 5-minute interval, on average across all the days in the dataset, contains the maximum number of steps?

stepsInterval[which.max(stepsInterval$steps), ]$interval

## [1] 835

It is the 835th interval.

Imputing missing values

• Calculate and report the total number of missing values in the dataset (i.e. the total number of rows with NAs)

sum(is.na(activity$steps))

## [1] 2304

Total 2304 rows are missing.

• Devise a strategy for filling in all of the missing values in the dataset. The strategy does not need to be sophisticated. For example, you could use the mean/median for that day, or the mean for that 5-minute interval, etc.

: I used a strategy for filing in all of the missing values with the mean for that 5-minute interval. First of all, I made a function “interval2steps” to get the mean steps for particular 5-minute interval.

interval2steps <- function(interval) {
    stepsInterval[stepsInterval$interval == interval, ]$steps
}

• Create a new dataset that is equal to the original dataset but with the missing data filled in.

activityFilled <- activity  # Make a new dataset with the original data
count = 0  # Count the number of data filled in
for (i in 1:nrow(activityFilled)) {
    if (is.na(activityFilled[i, ]$steps)) {
        activityFilled[i, ]$steps <- interval2steps(activityFilled[i, ]$interval)
        count = count + 1
    }
}
cat("Total ", count, "NA values were filled.\n\r")

## Total  2304 NA values were filled.
## 

• Make a histogram of the total number of steps taken each day and Calculate and report the mean and median total number of steps taken per day.

totalSteps2 <- aggregate(steps ~ date, data = activityFilled, sum)
hist(totalSteps2$steps)

mean(totalSteps2$steps)

## [1] 10766

median(totalSteps2$steps)

## [1] 10766

• The mean total number of steps taken per day is 1.0766 × 10⁴ steps.

• The median total number of steps taken per day is 1.0766 × 10⁴ steps.

• Do these values differ from the estimates from the first part of the assignment? What is the impact of imputing missing data on the estimates of the total daily number of steps?

: The mean value is the same as the value before imputing missing data because we put the mean value for that particular 5-min interval. The median value shows a little difference : but it depends on where the missing values are.

Are there differences in activity patterns between weekdays and weekends?

• Create a new factor variable in the dataset with two levels – “weekday” and “weekend” indicating whether a given date is a weekday or weekend day.

activityFilled$day = ifelse(as.POSIXlt(as.Date(activityFilled$date))$wday%%6 == 
    0, "weekend", "weekday")
# For Sunday and Saturday : weekend, Other days : weekday
activityFilled$day = factor(activityFilled$day, levels = c("weekday", "weekend"))

• Make a panel plot containing a time series plot (i.e. type = “l”) of the 5-minute interval (x-axis) and the average number of steps taken, averaged across all weekday days or weekend days (y-axis). The plot should look something like the following, which was creating using simulated data:

stepsInterval2 = aggregate(steps ~ interval + day, activityFilled, mean)
library(lattice)
xyplot(steps ~ interval | factor(day), data = stepsInterval2, aspect = 1/2, 
    type = "l")