Data Visualization

• DataCamp lab rubrics: Graded by completion only
• Homework #1 will be returned on Monday
• Turn in Homework #2 as a Knitted Microsoft Word document
• NO reading quiz for Monday
• Verzani - Using R for Introductory Statistics
  https://qubeshub.org/groups/introbiostats/collections/resources-for-r
• New Collection - Whitlock & Schluter resource links
  https://qubeshub.org/groups/introbiostats/collections/resources-for-whitlock–schluter-book

Penzes P, Cahill ME, Jones KA, VanLeeuwen J-E, Woolfrey KM. Dendritic spine pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2011 Mar;14(3):285–93.

“Schizophrenia’s strongest genetic association…arises in part from many structurally diverse alleles of the complement component 4 (C4) genes. We found that these alleles generated widely varying levels of C4A and C4B expression in the brain, with each common C4 allele associating with schizophrenia in proportion to its tendency to generate greater expression of C4A… In mice, C4 mediated synapse elimination during postnatal development.”

Sekar A et al. Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4. Nature. 2016 Jan 27.

Sekar A et al. Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4. Nature. 2016 Jan 27.

https://www.datacamp.com/courses/data-visualization-with-ggplot2-1

http://www.gapminder.org/

https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful

https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisugly

Definition: Variables are characteristics that differ among objects of interest.

Definition: Data are the measurements of one or more variables made on a sample of objects of interest.

Data, essentially, is any measurement of the real world since

• \( n=1 \) counts as a sample,
• variables can technically have only one possible value (i.e. no variation)

• Categorical variable (qualitative)
  • Nominal (levels have no inherent ordering)
  • Ordinal (levels have an inherent ordering)
• Numerical variable (quantitative)
  • Continuous
  • Discrete

Discuss: Would the fraction of birds in a large sample infected with avian flu virus be a discrete or continuous numerical variable?

Frequency distributions of univariate data

Showing association of bivariate data