#Installation of some packages
install.packages("tidyverse")
## Installing package into '/cloud/lib/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.6'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
install.packages("readxl")
## Installing package into '/cloud/lib/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.6'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
install.packages("gridExtra")
## Installing package into '/cloud/lib/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.6'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
library(tidyverse)
## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.2.1 ✔ readr 2.2.0
## ✔ forcats 1.0.1 ✔ stringr 1.6.0
## ✔ ggplot2 4.0.3 ✔ tibble 3.3.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.5 ✔ tidyr 1.3.2
## ✔ purrr 1.2.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
library(readxl)
library(gridExtra)
##
## Attaching package: 'gridExtra'
##
## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## combine
set.seed(100)
source('Lab3_Helper_Functions.R')
# Problem 1a
lower = 0
upper = 10
fn_square = function(x) {
return(x^2)
}
curve(fn_square, from=lower, to=upper,
main="Function Square",
xlab="x", ylab="x^2")
curve(sqrt, from=lower, to=upper,
main="Function Square Root",
xlab="x", ylab="sqrt(x)")
# ------------------------------------
# Problem 3a
#Plots for dage
kidney_data_2 <- read_excel('kidney_data-2.xlsx')
x <- kidney_data_2$dage
par(mfrow = c(3, 3))
par(mar = c(2, 2, 2, 1))
hist(x^3, main = "Cubed")
hist(x^2, main = "Squared")
hist(x, main = "Raw Data")
hist(sqrt(x), main = "Square Root")
hist(log(x), main = "Logarithm")
hist(1/sqrt(x), main = "Reciprocal Root")
hist(1/x, main = "Reciprocal")
hist(1/x^2, main = "Reciprocal Square")
hist(1/x^3, main = "Reciprocal Cube")
#Plots for cith
kidney_data_2 <- read_excel('kidney_data-2.xlsx')
x <- kidney_data_2$cith
par(mfrow = c(3, 3))
par(mar = c(2, 2, 2, 1))
hist(x^3, main = "Cubed")
hist(x^2, main = "Squared")
hist(x, main = "Raw Data")
hist(sqrt(x), main = "Square Root")
hist(log(x), main = "Logarithm")
hist(1/sqrt(x), main = "Reciprocal Root")
hist(1/x, main = "Reciprocal")
hist(1/x^2, main = "Reciprocal Square")
hist(1/x^3, main = "Reciprocal Cube")
# Problem 3b
dage <- kidney_data_2$dage
cith <- kidney_data_2$cith
dage_transformations <- data.frame(
cube = dage^3,
square = dage^2,
raw = dage,
sq = sqrt(dage),
log_e = log(dage),
recip_root = dage^(-1/2),
recip = 1/dage,
recip_sq = dage^(-2),
recip_cube = dage^(-3)
)
cith_transformations <- data.frame(
cube = cith^3,
square = cith^2,
raw = cith,
sq = sqrt(cith),
log_e = log(cith),
recip_root = cith^(-1/2),
recip = 1/cith,
recip_sq = cith^(-2),
recip_cube = cith^(-3)
)
transform_names <- c("Cube","Square","Raw",
"Square Root","Log","Reciprocal Root",
"Reciprocal","Reciprocal Square",
"Reciprocal Cube")
colnames(dage_transformations)<-transform_names
colnames(cith_transformations)<-transform_names
summary(dage_transformations)
## Cube Square Raw Square Root
## Min. : 5832 Min. : 324 Min. :18.00 Min. :4.243
## 1st Qu.: 13824 1st Qu.: 576 1st Qu.:24.00 1st Qu.:4.899
## Median : 32768 Median :1024 Median :32.00 Median :5.657
## Mean : 52212 Mean :1262 Mean :33.63 Mean :5.718
## 3rd Qu.: 68921 3rd Qu.:1681 3rd Qu.:41.00 3rd Qu.:6.403
## Max. :328509 Max. :4761 Max. :69.00 Max. :8.307
## Log Reciprocal Root Reciprocal Reciprocal Square
## Min. :2.890 Min. :0.1204 Min. :0.01449 Min. :0.0002100
## 1st Qu.:3.178 1st Qu.:0.1562 1st Qu.:0.02439 1st Qu.:0.0005949
## Median :3.466 Median :0.1768 Median :0.03125 Median :0.0009766
## Mean :3.459 Mean :0.1799 Mean :0.03326 Mean :0.0012286
## 3rd Qu.:3.714 3rd Qu.:0.2041 3rd Qu.:0.04167 3rd Qu.:0.0017361
## Max. :4.234 Max. :0.2357 Max. :0.05556 Max. :0.0030864
## Reciprocal Cube
## Min. :3.044e-06
## 1st Qu.:1.451e-05
## Median :3.052e-05
## Mean :4.959e-05
## 3rd Qu.:7.234e-05
## Max. :1.715e-04
apply(dage_transformations, 2, sd)
## Cube Square Raw Square Root
## 5.581801e+04 8.742744e+02 1.146277e+01 9.694030e-01
## Log Reciprocal Root Reciprocal Reciprocal Square
## 3.374978e-01 3.019698e-02 1.108993e-02 8.009439e-04
## Reciprocal Cube
## 4.680139e-05
summary(cith_transformations)
## Cube Square Raw Square Root
## Min. : 0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.00 Min. :0.000
## 1st Qu.: 8946 1st Qu.: 430.8 1st Qu.:20.75 1st Qu.:4.555
## Median : 14724 Median : 600.5 Median :24.50 Median :4.949
## Mean : 23461 Mean : 744.6 Mean :25.90 Mean :5.005
## 3rd Qu.: 27000 3rd Qu.: 900.0 3rd Qu.:30.00 3rd Qu.:5.477
## Max. :157464 Max. :2916.0 Max. :54.00 Max. :7.348
## Log Reciprocal Root Reciprocal Reciprocal Square
## Min. : -Inf Min. :0.1361 Min. :0.01852 Min. :0.0003429
## 1st Qu.:3.032 1st Qu.:0.1826 1st Qu.:0.03333 1st Qu.:0.0011111
## Median :3.198 Median :0.2021 Median :0.04083 Median :0.0016681
## Mean : -Inf Mean : Inf Mean : Inf Mean : Inf
## 3rd Qu.:3.401 3rd Qu.:0.2196 3rd Qu.:0.04821 3rd Qu.:0.0023257
## Max. :3.989 Max. : Inf Max. : Inf Max. : Inf
## Reciprocal Cube
## Min. :6.351e-06
## 1st Qu.:3.704e-05
## Median :6.817e-05
## Mean : Inf
## 3rd Qu.:1.122e-04
## Max. : Inf
apply(cith_transformations, 2, sd)
## Cube Square Raw Square Root
## 2.593095e+04 5.050169e+02 8.634553e+00 9.253777e-01
## Log Reciprocal Root Reciprocal Reciprocal Square
## NaN NaN NaN NaN
## Reciprocal Cube
## NaN