# Tugas1ProbasBab2
# Muhammad Taufiqul Hafizh Muttaqin
# Tanggal: 2026-10-24
# NIM: 2409106099
# ============================================================
# Menyimpan Data dalam Variabel (Fungsi c)
# ============================================================
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan
## [1] 10 20 40 15 40
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan
## [1] 10 20 40 15 40
simpan = c(1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000)
simpan
## [1] 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
# ============================================================
# Mengakses Nilai Data dalam Variabel secara Individual
# ============================================================
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan[3]
## [1] 40
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan[4]
## [1] 15
simpan[c(1, 3, 4)]
## [1] 10 40 15
simpan[2:4]
## [1] 20 40 15
# ============================================================
# Mengubah Nilai Data dalam Variabel
# ============================================================
simpan = c(10, 20, 40, 15, 40)
simpan
## [1] 10 20 40 15 40
simpan[3] = 100
simpan[4] = 10000
simpan
## [1] 10 20 100 10000 40
# ============================================================
# Menghapus Nilai Data dalam Variabel
# ============================================================
NILAI = c(10, 40, 45, 30, 80)
NILAI
## [1] 10 40 45 30 80
NILAI = NILAI[-3]
NILAI
## [1] 10 40 30 80
NILAI = NILAI[-4]
NILAI
## [1] 10 40 30
NILAI = c(10, 40, 45, 30, 80)
NILAI = NILAI[c(-1, -3)]
NILAI
## [1] 40 30 80
# ============================================================
# Penggunaan Operator > (Lebih Besar Dari)
# ============================================================
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI
## [1] 100 95 70 80 25 60 80 60 55 90
NILAI[NILAI > 80]
## [1] 100 95 90
# ============================================================
# Penggunaan Operator < (Lebih Kecil Dari)
# ============================================================
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI
## [1] 100 95 70 80 25 60 80 60 55 90
NILAI[NILAI < 70]
## [1] 25 60 60 55
# ============================================================
# Penggunaan Operator & (Dan)
# ============================================================
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI
## [1] 100 95 70 80 25 60 80 60 55 90
NILAI[NILAI > 60 & NILAI < 80]
## [1] 70
# ============================================================
# Penggunaan Operator | (Atau)
# ============================================================
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI
## [1] 100 95 70 80 25 60 80 60 55 90
NILAI[NILAI > 80 | NILAI < 30]
## [1] 100 95 25 90
# ============================================================
# Lebih Lanjut Penggunaan Operator < dan >
# ============================================================
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI = NILAI[NILAI < 75]
NILAI
## [1] 70 25 60 60 55
NILAI = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
NILAI = NILAI[NILAI > 90]
NILAI
## [1] 100 95
# ============================================================
# Contoh Sederhana Penggunaan Bahasa Pemrograman R
# ============================================================
fungsi = function(x) {
for (i in 1:length(x)) {
if (x[i] < 65) {
x[i] = x[i] + 10
}
print(x[i])
}
}
A = c(100, 95, 70, 80, 25, 60, 80, 60, 55, 90)
fungsi(A)
## [1] 100
## [1] 95
## [1] 70
## [1] 80
## [1] 35
## [1] 70
## [1] 80
## [1] 70
## [1] 65
## [1] 90
# ============================================================
# Jenis Data R
# ============================================================
mode(1000)
## [1] "numeric"
simpan = c(1000)
mode(simpan)
## [1] "numeric"
mode("HALLO")
## [1] "character"
simpan = c("HALLO")
mode(simpan)
## [1] "character"
d = c(F)
d
## [1] FALSE
a = c(T)
a
## [1] TRUE
mode(d)
## [1] "logical"
mode(a)
## [1] "logical"
kuadrat = function(x) {
print(x * x)
}
A = c(4)
kuadrat(A)
## [1] 16
mode(kuadrat)
## [1] "function"
# ============================================================
# Operator Aritmetika: +, -, *, /, ^, %%
# ============================================================
A = c(1, 2, 3)
B = c(4, 5, 6)
C = A + B
C
## [1] 5 7 9
A = c(1, 2, 3)
B = 2 + A
B
## [1] 3 4 5
A = c(2, 4, 6)
B = c(1, 3, 5)
B - A
## [1] -1 -1 -1
A = c(4, 8, 12)
A * 0.5
## [1] 2 4 6
A = c(4, 8, 12)
B = c(2, 2, 2)
A / B
## [1] 2 4 6
A = c(3, 6, 1)
B = c(2, 2, 0)
A ^ B
## [1] 9 36 1
A = c(5, 2, 7)
B = c(3, 2, 6)
C = A %% B
C
## [1] 2 0 1
# ============================================================
# Fungsi length dan sort
# ============================================================
A = c(100, 70, 80, 55, 80, 70, 80)
length(A)
## [1] 7
A = c(70, 80, 50, 25, 100, 60)
sort(A)
## [1] 25 50 60 70 80 100
# ============================================================
# Fungsi diff dan sum
# ============================================================
A = c(100, 50, 70, 80, 60)
diff(A)
## [1] -50 20 10 -20
A = c(50, 60, 70, 80)
sum(A)
## [1] 260
# ============================================================
# Fungsi sqrt
# ============================================================
a = sqrt(81)
a
## [1] 9
b = sqrt(a)
b
## [1] 3
# ============================================================
# Fungsi max dan min
# ============================================================
A = c(10, 25, 90, 75, 95, 57)
max(A)
## [1] 95
min(A)
## [1] 10
# ============================================================
# Fungsi exp
# ============================================================
exp(1)
## [1] 2.718282
exp(2)
## [1] 7.389056
# ============================================================
# Fungsi pi atau π
# ============================================================
pi
## [1] 3.141593
# ============================================================
# Fungsi options
# ============================================================
options(digits = 3)
pi
## [1] 3.14
options(digits = 10)
pi
## [1] 3.141592654
# ============================================================
# Fungsi seq
# ============================================================
seq(from = 1, to = 10)
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
seq(from = 2, by = 0.5, length.out = 4)
## [1] 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
# ============================================================
# Fungsi panggil
# ============================================================
panggil = function(x, y, z) {
a = x
print(a)
for (i in x:z) {
a = a + y
if (a > z) {
break
}
print(a)
}
}
panggil(2, 3, 30)
## [1] 2
## [1] 5
## [1] 8
## [1] 11
## [1] 14
## [1] 17
## [1] 20
## [1] 23
## [1] 26
## [1] 29
seq(2, 30, 3)
## [1] 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29
# ============================================================
# Fungsi table
# ============================================================
A = c(10, 10, 30, 10, 30, 10, 10, 40, 40, 70, 90, 70, 80, 60, 60, 90)
table(A)
## A
## 10 30 40 60 70 80 90
## 5 2 2 2 2 1 2
table(A) / length(A)
## A
## 10 30 40 60 70 80 90
## 0.3125 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.0625 0.1250
hasil = c("ya", "tidak", "ya", "ya", "ya", "ya", "tidak", "ya", "tidak", "ya")
table(hasil)
## hasil
## tidak ya
## 3 7
table(hasil) / length(hasil)
## hasil
## tidak ya
## 0.3 0.7
# ============================================================
# Fungsi factor
# ============================================================
A = c("ikan", "ikan", "udang", "ikan", "ikan", "udang")
factor(A)
## [1] ikan ikan udang ikan ikan udang
## Levels: ikan udang
A = c("sarjana", "diploma", "sarjana", "pengangguran",
"sarjana", "diploma", "diploma", "pengangguran")
factor(A)
## [1] sarjana diploma sarjana pengangguran sarjana
## [6] diploma diploma pengangguran
## Levels: diploma pengangguran sarjana
# ============================================================
# Fungsi barplot
# ============================================================
A = c(10, 10, 10, 10, 20, 20, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30)
barplot(table(A))
barplot(table(A) / length(A))
# ============================================================
# Fungsi plot
# ============================================================
A = c(10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 20, 20, 20, 30, 30, 40)
table(A)
## A
## 10 20 30 40
## 5 3 2 1
nilai = c(10, 20, 30, 40)
frekuensi = c(5, 3, 2, 1)
plot(nilai, frekuensi)
A = c(10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 20, 20, 20, 30, 30, 40)
plot(table(A))
# ============================================================
# Ringkasan Bab 2: Fungsi Dasar dalam R
# ============================================================
# Variabel dan kumpulan data
angka = c(12, 18, 25, 30)
angka[2] # mengambil elemen kedua
## [1] 18
angka[2] = 20 # mengganti elemen kedua
angka[-1] # semua elemen kecuali pertama
## [1] 20 25 30
# Memilih data berdasarkan kondisi
nilai = c(45, 62, 78, 90, 55)
nilai[nilai > 60]
## [1] 62 78 90
nilai[nilai >= 50 & nilai < 80]
## [1] 62 78 55
# Tipe data dasar
mode(1000)
## [1] "numeric"
mode("HALLO")
## [1] "character"
mode(TRUE)
## [1] "logical"
# Operasi aritmetika
a = c(8, 12, 20)
b = c(2, 3, 4)
a + b
## [1] 10 15 24
a / b
## [1] 4 4 5
a %% b
## [1] 0 0 0
# Fungsi numerik
data = c(14, 7, 21, 10)
length(data)
## [1] 4
sort(data)
## [1] 7 10 14 21
sum(data)
## [1] 52
max(data)
## [1] 21
min(data)
## [1] 7
# Membuat urutan dengan seq()
seq(from = 1, to = 9, by = 2)
## [1] 1 3 5 7 9
seq(from = 0, by = 0.5, length.out = 5)
## [1] 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
# Tabel frekuensi
jawaban = c("ya", "tidak", "ya", "ya", "tidak")
table(jawaban)
## jawaban
## tidak ya
## 2 3
table(jawaban) / length(jawaban)
## jawaban
## tidak ya
## 0.4 0.6
# Visualisasi dan kesimpulan
# barplot() membuat diagram batang.
# plot() digunakan untuk menggambarkan pola hubungan antarvariabel.
# Skrip ini mempraktikkan penyimpanan, pemilihan, pengolahan,
# peringkasan, dan visualisasi data menggunakan R.